Circular Aperture Diffraction, Angle of First Minimum

AI Thread Summary
The discussion centers on calculating the angle of the first minimum, or divergence angle, for a helium-neon laser beam passing through a 1.0mm circular aperture. The initial calculation using the formula sin(θ) = 1.22(λ/d) yields an angle of 0.044 degrees, but the expected answer is 0.029 degrees. Participants suggest that the discrepancy may arise from not accounting for the refractive index of glass, which is approximately 1.5, affecting the wavelength of light as it exits the medium. This insight implies that adjustments for the refractive index are crucial for accurate calculations. The conversation emphasizes the importance of considering material properties in optical physics problems.
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Homework Statement



A helium-neon laser ( ##\lambda =633nm##), is built with a glass tube of inside diameter 1.0mm. One mirror is partially transmitting to allow laser light out. From an optical perspective, the laser beam is a light wave that diffracts through a 1.0mm diameter circular opening. The angle to the first minimum, ##\theta_1## is known as the divergence angle of the laser, find this angle.

Homework Equations



$$sin(\theta)=1.22\frac {\lambda} {d}$$ Where d is the diameter of the circular opening, and ##\theta## is the angle to the first minimum.

3. The Attempt at a Solution


The light from the laser, as mentioned in the problem statement, is essentially diffracting through a circular aperture of 1.0mm diameter, thus finding ##\theta_1## should be a simple implementation of the above formula:

$$sin(\theta)=1.22 \frac {633 \times {10^{-9}}} {10^{-3}}$$
$$sin(\theta)=0.00077\ radians$$
$$sin(\theta)=0.044\ degrees$$
$$\theta=0.044\ degrees$$

Apparently though, the correct answer is ##\theta=0.029\ degrees## and I'm just not sure what I'm missing, any help would be greatly appreciated.
 
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Clear and complete post. I fully agree with your answer. So does hyperphysics' calculator (here).
If all of us are wrong, I sure would like to know why and how ! :smile:
 
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Thank you! I've spent about an hour and a half on this and I was almost completely sure the solutions were in error, so thanks for confirming that, I really appreciate your help.
 
CoffeeCrow said:
Thank you! I've spent about an hour and a half on this and I was almost completely sure the solutions were in error, so thanks for confirming that, I really appreciate your help.
Maybe you need to take into account that the beam emerges through glass. A refractive index of 1.5 happens to match the ratio between the two answers.
 
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