A force is a push or pull on an object that can cause it to change its motion or shape. It is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.
The different types of forces include gravity, friction, applied force, normal force, tension, spring force, and air resistance. These forces can either be contact forces, which require physical contact between objects, or non-contact forces, which act over a distance.
A coordinate system is a system of lines or points used to determine the position of an object in space. It consists of an origin point and axes, usually labeled as x, y, and z, to represent the three dimensions of length, width, and height.
A scalar quantity is a physical quantity that has only magnitude, such as mass or temperature. A vector quantity, on the other hand, has both magnitude and direction, such as force or velocity.
Newton's second law of motion states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass. This can be expressed mathematically as F = ma, where F is the net force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration.