How Difficult and Expensive is Nanometer-Scale Layer Manufacturing?

  • #1
DyerMaker
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How hard and costy is it to manufacture
a layer of substance a few nanometers wide and how useful such structures would be?
 
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  • #2
Can you say more about your question? What kind of material? Silicon?
 
  • #3
berkeman said:
Can you say more about your question? What kind of material? Silicon?
Such materials as metals and metals' oxides
 
  • #4
You mean like nanoparticles?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoparticle

Well, semiconductors currently have nanometer-size features, and are pretty important (obviously).

Nanoparticles have some interesting applications...

What applications do you have in mind?
 
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  • #5
DyerMaker said:
How hard and costy is it to manufacture a layer of substance a few nanometers wide and how useful such structures would be?
A few nanometres would be something like a dozen atoms thick.
It would be difficult to accurately control the thickness.

Colour-selective mirrors are typically made from thicker coatings.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating
 
  • #6
Does Graphene count? It's not a metal, but it conducts electricity and heat as well as metals. There are lots of YouTube videos about making it, like this one:
 
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  • #7
DaveE said:
Does Graphene count? It's not a metal, but it conducts electricity and heat as well as metals. There are lots of YouTube videos about making it, like this one:

This Youtube video reminds me of when I was doing vacuum deposition a few years ago.
 
  • #8
berkeman said:
You mean like nanoparticles?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoparticle

Well, semiconductors currently have nanometer-size features, and are pretty important (obviously).

Nanoparticles have some interesting applications...

What applications do you have in mind?
I have in mind, first of all, such application as MIM diodes.
 
  • #9
DyerMaker said:
I have in mind, first of all, such application as MIM diodes.
What reading have you been doing about MIM diodes? Has there been recent research and development into them since the initial work a few decades ago?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal–insulator–metal
 
  • #10
If you are talking about thin films that are a few nm thick then they are very, very common, there are lots of cleanrooms that can make such films. Tools such as atomic layer deposition (ALD) systems are very good at making thin insulting films and are widely used in commercial production and often available even in "regular" university cleanrooms.
These films can then be patterned to make very narrow strips; a few tens of nm wide is "easy" using electron beam lithography; structures more narrow than that can be made but the yield does suffer.
 
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Related to How Difficult and Expensive is Nanometer-Scale Layer Manufacturing?

How hard is it to achieve precise control over the thickness of layers in nanometer-wide substances?

Achieving precise control over the thickness of layers in nanometer-wide substances is extremely challenging. It requires advanced techniques such as atomic layer deposition (ALD) or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), which can control layer thickness at the atomic level. These processes need highly specialized equipment and stringent environmental controls to maintain the required precision.

What are the main challenges in manufacturing nanometer-wide layered substances?

The main challenges include maintaining uniformity and consistency across large areas, preventing contamination, and ensuring the stability of the layers. Additionally, the equipment and methods used must be capable of operating at the nanoscale, which often involves overcoming significant technical and material science hurdles.

How costly is the equipment required for manufacturing nanometer-wide layered substances?

The equipment required for manufacturing nanometer-wide layered substances is extremely costly. High-precision deposition systems like ALD or MBE can cost millions of dollars. Additionally, the maintenance and operation of such equipment require highly skilled personnel, adding to the overall expense.

What materials are commonly used in the manufacturing of nanometer-wide layered substances?

Common materials used include semiconductors like silicon and gallium arsenide, metals like gold and platinum, and various oxides and nitrides. The choice of material depends on the intended application and desired properties of the final product.

Are there any cost-effective alternatives to traditional methods for manufacturing nanometer-wide layered substances?

While traditional methods like ALD and MBE are expensive, research is ongoing into more cost-effective alternatives such as solution-based processes, self-assembly techniques, and roll-to-roll manufacturing. These methods aim to reduce costs while still achieving the required precision and quality, but they are not yet as widely adopted or proven as the traditional methods.

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