How Do Bubbles Form and Expand in Beer?

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    Beer Bubble
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Bubbles in beer form due to differences in pressure, with higher pressure at the bottom causing bubble size to increase as they rise. This phenomenon does not violate the first law of thermodynamics, as the energy for bubble formation comes from the dissolved carbon dioxide in the beer. Shaking the beer introduces additional energy into the system, which can lead to more bubbles forming. The pathway of these bubbles can be analyzed using a pressure-volume (PV) diagram, illustrating the relationship between pressure and volume changes during bubble formation. Understanding carbonation is key to grasping these processes in beer.
alnywk
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why there have bubble in beer,
what the pathway do the bubbles go in pv diagram


my idea :

assume temperature is constant
pressure in the bottom is higher than the suface
so the bubbles size increase

then where the energy come from?
 
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is this action violate the first law of thermodynamics??
how about if you shake the beer, is it mean you input the energy into the system , then do it violate the 1st of thermodynamic?
 
Run a Google search on "carbonation" and "beer" and you will find out all you need to know about how these bubbles seem to appear from nowhere.
 
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