To approach potential energy and electric fields, start by understanding the relationship between the potential function V and the force vector f(x,y). The equation f(x,y) = (∂V/∂x, ∂V/∂y) indicates that the force can be derived from the potential energy function. Integration of the force components can yield the potential function V, but clarity on the definition of f(x,y) is crucial. After finding V, differentiation is necessary to verify the relationship between the potential and force. This process emphasizes the importance of correctly defining functions and understanding their interrelations in physics.