Increasing the voltage across a conductor generally increases the electric field strength, which in turn accelerates the electrons. As the electric field becomes stronger, the electrons gain more kinetic energy and thus move faster through the conductor.
Yes, there is a direct relationship between voltage and electron velocity, but it is not strictly linear. The velocity of electrons increases with voltage, but factors such as the material of the conductor and temperature can affect this relationship.
Resistance opposes the flow of electrons, and it affects how much current flows for a given voltage. According to Ohm's law, higher resistance at a given voltage results in lower current, which can lead to a slower average drift velocity of the electrons in the conductor.
Temperature changes can influence electron velocity by affecting the resistance of the conductor. As temperature increases, the lattice vibrations in the conductor also increase, which can lead to more collisions and a decrease in the average velocity of the electrons, even if the voltage is held constant.
No, the velocity of electrons cannot exceed the speed of light in a vacuum. While electrons can gain high velocities in a conductor when voltage is increased, their speed will always remain below the speed of light due to relativistic effects as they approach that limit.