How is converted the energy of a E.M. wave in a conductor

AI Thread Summary
When an electromagnetic (E.M.) wave passes through a conductor, the energy is conserved as the wave causes electrons to oscillate, converting the wave's energy into kinetic energy and generating a current. The electric field of the wave induces a voltage along the wire, leading to current flow influenced by the wire's resistance and reactance. In a resistance-free wire, intercepted energy is re-radiated, while in a resistive circuit, some energy is dissipated as heat. The small mass of electrons results in negligible kinetic energy, but their movement creates a magnetic field that stores energy and introduces inertia, delaying their acceleration. The physical characteristics of the circuit, including its length and shape, significantly affect the power intercepted from the E.M. wave.
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Homework Statement
How is converted the energy of a E.M. wave in a conductor
Relevant Equations
##u_i = u_e + u_m##
I'm thinking about how the energy is conserved when a E.M. wave pass through a conductor.
If a E.M. pass through a conductor, the electrons must move "oscillated", thus the energy from the E.M. wave is converted to kinematic energy.
Another way I see that is the E.M wave must generate a current.
I don't know if my intuition is correct, but either way, I can't prove the conservation of energy. The initial energy ##u_i = u_e + u_m \neq u_f + \frac{1}{2}mv^2##
I must forget something or it's not as simple as that.
 
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The electric field of the wave creates a voltage along the wire. This then creates a current in the wire dictated by the resistances and reactances which are present. (Notice that a piece of wire has its own distributed L and C even without adding anything to make a circuit). When the current flows, it means that electrons have been accelerated, and when they do this they radiate. For a wire having no resistance, any energy which is intercepted will be re-radiated due to electron acceleration. For a wire in a circuit with resistance, some of the energy intercepted will be re-radiated, the remainder warming the resistor.
The electrons have very small mass, so KE is negligible, but when they move they create a magnetic field, and this stores energy as if it were a mass. This gives inertia, as if we had mass.
The inertia means that the acceleration of the electrons in response to an incoming wave may be delayed, in a similar way to current in an inductor. Phase shift also arises due to capacitance in the circuit. The re-radiated wave will combine with the incoming wave causing it to be weaker due to the intercepted energy. However, if the re-radiated energy is shifted in phase, the passing EM wave can exhibit effects such as a shadow, or a bright reflection.
Notice that the physical length, shape and components of the circuit will, in a complex way, influence the power which is intercepted.
 
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