How observation leads to wavefunction collapse?

[meopemuk]

I'm no expert in physics, but conceptually it's difficult for me to accept (ii), and beyond that, option (ii) is just disheartening.

Conceptually, it seems to me that (ii) defies causality. The theory behind physics is that the behavior of nature is governed by certain laws, and that we can predict the behavior of nature according to these laws. To say that we cannot, under any circumstances, accurately predict the behavior of an electron is to say either that a) the behavior of an electron is not governed by natural laws or that b) our models and/or equipment are inadequte to accurately derive these laws. To me, the second option seems much more logical and likely.

This is exactly why quantum mechanics was such a radical change in our understanding of the world. It was a true revolution in physics. The more we learn about microworld the less doubt we have that electron is not (entirely) governed by natural laws. Electron's behavior is partly predictable and partly random. The predictable part we managed to describe by the wave function. The random part remains a complete mystery.

Your option b) is a dream about hidden variables and Laplacian determinism. This option cannot be dismissed. However it becomes less and less attractive with each new success of quantum mechanics.

 

[Ariste]

Note that these are your opinions and musings on nature. There's no reason why nature should (nor is there a reason why nature shouldn't) conform to your opinions.

No doubt, and like I said, I'm no physicist. I'm sure many of your guys' opinions are much more educated than mine. I'm just, like you said, musing about nature and what makes sense to me.

This is exactly why quantum mechanics was such a radical change in our understanding of the world. It was a true revolution in physics. The more we learn about microworld the less doubt we have that electron is not (entirely) governed by natural laws. Electron's behavior is partly predictable and partly random. The predictable part we managed to describe by the wave function. The random part remains a complete mystery.

So is that to say that we have increasing confidence in the belief that electrons are governed by no law at all? That they are governed by nothing?

If so, that truly is revolutionary and indeed mind-boggling. I'm not even sure how to interpret that in a physical context. That, at the basest level, our universe is completely random and unpredictable - it's hard to comprehend.

 

[Fra]

When I read this thread it seems different things are discussed, confusing it all. I can identify these components.

a) Some have difficult to let go of the "Newtonian" world view, I think this is a process everyone goes through, but seemingly people come to different conclusions.

b) Given that we accept QM a little bit along (ii) (and thus, no longer ask question a) then some people thinks this is a perfect theory, and see no reason to change it.

c) Some people don't ask (a), but they still don't find QM consistent as a possibly fundamental theory. Difficulty to abandom Newtonian or laplacian ideals isn't the only reason to pick on QM, there are others. Having to do with unitarity, gravity and evolution. This was my point.

I speak only from my own experience here, I went trough the 3 stages myself. Where there is yet more stages, I don't know, but that's quite possible. In my case stepping back to revise my "scientific method" and framework of abstractions was the resolution at each step. I haven't answered c yet of course, but I'm trying.

/Fredrik

 

[Fra]

I've also reasoned that part of the answer to (c) migth connect back to (a). This is why I think that those who are still asking (a) without satisfactory answer, might benefit from stepping directly to (c)?

/Fredrik

 

[meopemuk]

So is that to say that we have increasing confidence in the belief that electrons are governed by no law at all? That they are governed by nothing?

If so, that truly is revolutionary and indeed mind-boggling. I'm not even sure how to interpret that in a physical context. That, at the basest level, our universe is completely random and unpredictable - it's hard to comprehend.

I didn't say that electrons are governed by no law at all and that our universe is completely random and unpredictable. This would be foolish things to say. I said that there are two parts in electron's life. One part is predictable, so we do know something about what electron is doing. And this part is quite useful. It allows us to build transistors, lasers, and what not. And there is another part, which is totally unpredictable.

The classic example of this second part is the one-slit experiment, in which identically prepared electrons pass through the slit and hit the screen in different places. It is absolutely impossible to predict where the next electron will hit the screen.

With the development of quantum mechanics we made a great progress in calculations of the former (bright) side of electron's life. However, we have made absolutely no progress in understanding the latter (dark) side. This random part of electron's behavior remains just as obscure as it was 80 years ago when quantum mechanics was born. Besides some vague suggestions to introduce hidden variables (nobody has a slightest idea what these variables are and what are the laws that govern them) there was no movement in this direction at all. There are no approximations that can be compared with experiment even at a qualitative level. Nothing.

This suggests to me that the random "dark side" is an integral part of what electron is. There is another reason why I think that probabilities are inevitable. If you learn quantum mechanics at some depth you'll realize how breathtakingly beautiful this theory is. It is easy to derive laws of classical mechanics as a limit (h -> 0) of QM. At this points it seems that the reverse derivation (QM as a variant of a deterministic hidden variable theory) would be rather ugly, if possible at all.

I understand that it is very difficult to abandon the classical picture of the world in which every event is (in principle) predictable and every effect has a cause. However, when it comes to studying nature, we should leave our philosophical prejudices aside, and just listen to what nature tells us.

 

[meopemuk]

c) Some people don't ask (a), but they still don't find QM consistent as a possibly fundamental theory. Difficulty to abandom Newtonian or laplacian ideals isn't the only reason to pick on QM, there are others. Having to do with unitarity, gravity and evolution. This was my point.

/Fredrik

What are your specific problems with QM? I don't see any contradiction with unitarity, gravity and evolution.

 

[Anonym]

It is easy to derive laws of classical mechanics as a limit (h -> 0) of QM.

Nonsense as well as all your post #110.

 

[Fra]

What are your specific problems with QM? I don't see any contradiction with unitarity, gravity and evolution.

If you see no problems whatsoever I'm not sure how much effort I need to put don't to explain this. But let's just note that a kind of relational theory like that of gravity, isn't easily mixed with QM, for various reasons. Some people think it's a mathematical problem only, some thing it's a foundational problem.

Have you found a solution to all that?

If we can't agree on the question, no wonder we don't agree on the answers.

One part is predictable, so we do know something about what electron is doing. And this part is quite useful. It allows us to build transistors, lasers, and what not. And there is another part, which is totally unpredictable.

[Note I'm on (c) here] The distinction between the unpredictable part and the predictable part is IMO fuzzy. This is also why I find it difficult to be too categorical. The fuzzy part is not just something missing and lost, it's also the key to flexibility and growth. At least that's my personal idea.

To reduce a larger theory to a special case is a reductionist approach that hardly a evolutionary method. It's always far easier to discard information, than to create information. The latter is something I think we need to understand, to understand how the universe came into beeing and how it evolves. The whole meaning of evolve is just that you GROW new possibilites, not "reduce the reduction" from a larger master model. I'm not sure this makes sense to you. But maybe we can agree to disagree, which is good.

I am trying to merge the scientific method here with it's product. That's what I'm trying to do. And that's when the ordinary QM and QFT has issues. It's not that it's not useful, that's not what I'm saying. I'm just saying that there is something very important missing in the foundations, and it has to do with the notion of probability.

What I am saying here is not in defense of the hidden particle people, it's something different. But for what I know, perhaps the reason why some people to date can't accept QM is related to this. I don't kow how their brains work, I can only speak for mine.

/Fredrik

 

[Ariste]

I didn't say that electrons are governed by no law at all and that our universe is completely random and unpredictable. This would be foolish things to say. I said that there are two parts in electron's life. One part is predictable, so we do know something about what electron is doing. And this part is quite useful. It allows us to build transistors, lasers, and what not. And there is another part, which is totally unpredictable.

But you did say that. You've said that an electron can only be partially described; that some of the behavior of an electron is inherently indescribable and unpredictable. To take this unpredictability as a fundamental part of nature is to say that, at its basest level, nature is random and unpredictable. It's different than saying 'we simply don't know how to fully describe an electron yet.' It's saying 'it is physically impossible to fully describe the behavior of an electron.' This is saying that nature is, at least partially, completely and totally unpredictable and random.

 

[masudr]

If QM is the best model of the universe, it is impossible to provide the value of every observable, at all times for any individual system.

However, if we had an ensemble of N individual systems, QM can tell us what fraction of those N systems will have specific values of any observable. QM's predictions become more and more correct as N becomes larger, and in fact completely correct in the limit as N becomes infinity. So if we consider QM as a model for only such ensembles, then QM describes all there is that one can know.

This is another way to say that QM predicts probabilities of individual systems, but gets around some people feeling awkward about probabilites.

EDIT: I gave the correct description of ensembles, in response to meopemuk's comment below.

 

[meopemuk]

If you see no problems whatsoever I'm not sure how much effort I need to put don't to explain this. But let's just note that a kind of relational theory like that of gravity, isn't easily mixed with QM, for various reasons. Some people think it's a mathematical problem only, some thing it's a foundational problem.

Have you found a solution to all that?

If we can't agree on the question, no wonder we don't agree on the answers.
/Fredrik

Maybe you can find some answers in my paper "A relativistic quantum theory of gravity" http://www.arxiv.org/physics/0612019

 

[meopemuk]

But you did say that. You've said that an electron can only be partially described; that some of the behavior of an electron is inherently indescribable and unpredictable. To take this unpredictability as a fundamental part of nature is to say that, at its basest level, nature is random and unpredictable. It's different than saying 'we simply don't know how to fully describe an electron yet.' It's saying 'it is physically impossible to fully describe the behavior of an electron.' This is saying that nature is, at least partially, completely and totally unpredictable and random.

Yes, this is correct. That's the whole idea of quantum mechanics, as I understand it. If you want to explain quantum mechanics in one phrase, then here you go - you did it.

 

[meopemuk]

If QM is the best model of the universe, it is impossible to provide the value of every observable, at all times for any individual system.

However, we can provide the value of every observable at all times for an ensemble of systems.

I am not sure I agree with that. Ensemble is simply a collection of N identical systems prepared in identical conditions. By measuring observable F in each member of the ensemble we generally obtain N different values (unless the ensemble happened to be prepared in an eigenstate of F). QM simply tells us which values appear more frequently and which are less frequent (probabilities).

 

[masudr]

QM simply tells us which values appear more frequently and which are less frequent (probabilities).

Yes; you are quite right. That is what I meant.

 

[Fra]

Maybe you can find some answers in my paper "A relativistic quantum theory of gravity" http://www.arxiv.org/physics/0612019

I'll try to read it more later to see if you motivate it but, I skimmed through intro and you list a set of principles that must be met. I don't find these trivial enough. These are principles of the standard approaches, and I am not sure they can be preserved at all cost. And if you take them as guidance principles from square one, I'd like to see some argumentation why they must hold, not for the current models, but for a general case model.

I have come to put most emphasis on the methods. Because if the method is sound, it's not as sensitive to initial estimates. I think you are thinking differently than me.

/Fredrik

 

[Fra]

Ensemble is simply a collection of N identical systems prepared in identical condition.

A theory for reality must I think to a larget extent be formulated in terms of data. Consider how to make a real measurement (taking a certain amount of time each), to probe the measurements on an ensemble and I think the issues I raise should reveal themselves.

By measuring observable F in each member of the ensemble we generally obtain N different values (unless the ensemble happened to be prepared in an eigenstate of F). QM simply tells us which values appear more frequently and which are less frequent (probabilities).

One problem I have with this is the interpretation of probabilities - A collection of identically prepared systems, which you in principle can prepare and determine the probability distribution as N -> infinity - this sounds scientific and good, but it's not so trivial.

To observe an infinite amount of equal initial conditions is hard, not to mention that it would be infinite time. Some may think that, this is only a practical problem and has no relevance to our ensembles in principle. But I think it does.

QM has move the Newtonian ideals from particle level, to probability level. And that in the probability world every thing can in principle be exactly known. You can know the probability EXACTLY. But this is what doesn't make sense.

If you adapt the probabilistic thinking, the insight that should come is that, by the same token, we can only know the probability to a certain probability as well. And there is probably a relation here with space and time, a kind of uncertainty relation on the ensemble itself. This is another way of reasoning that does lead to suggest the second quantization. But the problem is that, that's not the end. There is nothing that stops the 3'rd and n'th quantization. I am trying to understand this. I think there is in fact a logic here that does explain WHY quantization stops at certain level. I don't have the answer yet, but my point is not to present the answer, just to try to present the question.

This is a question I rarely see aqcknowledged. Why I don't know. That's the other mystery. I have suspected it's because solving it may seem tricky, and there is no point in asking questions we can't answer. That has a point, but I ask it because I do have a vision on howo resolve it. And I think going this way, will incorporate gravity into the information world of QM, in a much deeper way, they will be united from construction. Not by merging two theories that where grown on competely different grounds.

/Fredrik

 

[meopemuk]

Consider how to make a real measurement (taking a certain amount of time each), to probe the measurements on an ensemble and I think the issues I raise should reveal themselves.

In some experiments, accumulating sufficient statistics is a problem. In others it is just a piece of cake. For example, in the double-slit experiment you can measure simultaneously landing places of billions of particles by measuring the brightness levels on the scintillating screen.

If you adapt the probabilistic thinking, the insight that should come is that, by the same token, we can only know the probability to a certain probability as well.

This is an interesting idea, which would imply complete re-writing of quantum mechanics. However, I don't think there is any empirical evidence to support this idea.

And there is probably a relation here with space and time, a kind of uncertainty relation on the ensemble itself. This is another way of reasoning that does lead to suggest the second quantization. But the problem is that, that's not the end. There is nothing that stops the 3'rd and n'th quantization. I am trying to understand this. I think there is in fact a logic here that does explain WHY quantization stops at certain level. I don't have the answer yet, but my point is not to present the answer, just to try to present the question.
/Fredrik

I don't know who invented this term "second quantization", but this is probably the most misleading phrase in physics. In QFT we do *not* quantize wave functions second time and thus obtain quantum fields. So, 3rd and n'th quantization does not make sense at all. QFT is just ordinary quantum mechanics applied to systems with variable number of particles. That's all there is to QFT.

 

[meopemuk]

Maybe you can find some answers in my paper "A relativistic quantum theory of gravity" http://www.arxiv.org/physics/0612019

I'll try to read it more later to see if you motivate it but, I skimmed through intro and you list a set of principles that must be met. I don't find these trivial enough. These are principles of the standard approaches, and I am not sure they can be preserved at all cost. And if you take them as guidance principles from square one, I'd like to see some argumentation why they must hold, not for the current models, but for a general case model.
/Fredrik

This discussion would lead us too far from the topic of the present thread. I offered this paper for discussion in the "Independent research" section of this forum. If it will be approved by moderators, we'll have ample opportunities to discuss these issues. Meanwhile, we can talk about quantum gravity privately through e-mail.

 

[Fra]

In some experiments, accumulating sufficient statistics is a problem. In others it is just a piece of cake. For example, in the double-slit experiment you can measure simultaneously landing places of billions of particles by measuring the brightness levels on the scintillating screen.

Yes I agree compteley. This is of course why QM is highly successful in these cases. But these cases is not the general case. I'm not suggesting this abstraction is generally invalid, I'm suggesting that it's not generally valid.

This is an interesting idea, which would imply complete re-writing of quantum mechanics. However, I don't think there is any empirical evidence to support this idea.

I disagree about not beeing evidence supporting this. Also this has to do with the scientific method. I read your comment like "there is no empirical evidence to support that we can't do this assumption". In fact in the connection to gravity is very intuitive, since gravity can be thought of as the "DC component" of information, and particles are superpositioned information. The abstraction we make, could be what excludes gravity.

But yes QM has to be reconsidered from it's foundations. But that's not a bad thing. It would make a good theory, better. At least that's what I think.

I don't know who invented this term "second quantization", but this is probably the most misleading phrase in physics. In QFT we do *not* quantize wave functions second time and thus obtain quantum fields. So, 3rd and n'th quantization does not make sense at all. QFT is just ordinary quantum mechanics applied to systems with variable number of particles. That's all there is to QFT.

I know the notion can be discussed, but set aside this, I know what the 2nd quantization is and it's been motivated in sometimes quite doubtful ways in books I've seen. I'm suggesting that there is a deeper understanding of this process. And in that case, the "n'th quantization" does make sense to me: "The probability of the probability of the probability of the ..." n times. In fact this can be thought of as an induction step in a larger process. What I mean is that, given the nature of the induction, how can you stop at one iteration and not ask why? You're comment takes the notion of a particle for granted. This isn't obvious either?

/Fredrik

 

[Fra]

This discussion would lead us too far from the topic of the present thread. I offered this paper for discussion in the "Independent research" section of this forum. If it will be approved by moderators, we'll have ample opportunities to discuss these issues. Meanwhile, we can talk about quantum gravity privately through e-mail.

I'm relatively new to this forum, what's the idea with the "independent research" section?

Does it refer to economic affiliation, or ideological affiliation to mainstream approaches?

/Fredrik

 

[jtbell]

I'm relatively new to this forum, what's the idea with the "independent research" section?

The Independent Research forum here is for fringe topics or new topics or viewpoints which are not part of discussion by the mainstream physics community. That's a bit vague, but the usual test is, "has it been published, or is it likely to be published, in a mainstream peer-refereed physics journal?" We do bend this guideline for particle physics, string theory, etc., because a lot of mainstream research in those areas is "published" on arxiv.org long before it appears formally in the journals; it's ultimately up to the moderators to decide whether something needs to go into the Independent Research forum.

 

[Fra]

Thanks for the explanation. So if I understand you right the idea is

a) to reserve a special section for those authors whose papers aren't discussed in the popular journal? and explicitly keep mainstream stuff out of there?

rather than

b) keeping "odd things" away from the mainstream sections? which other forums tend to have a "speculations" section for this.

is that close?

/Fredrik

 

[Schrodinger's Dog]

Yes that is it I think kind of.

Overly Speculative Posts:
One of the main goals of PF is to help students learn the current status of physics as practiced by the scientific community; accordingly, Physicsforums.com strives to maintain high standards of academic integrity. There are many open questions in physics, and we welcome discussion on those subjects provided the discussion remains intellectually sound. It is against our Posting Guidelines to discuss, in most of the PF forums, new or non-mainstream theories or ideas that have not been published in professional peer-reviewed journals or are not part of current professional scientific discussion. Posts deleted under this rule will be accompanied by a private message from a Staff member, with an invitation to resubmit the post in accordance with our Independent Research Guidelines. Poorly formulated personal theories, unfounded challenges of mainstream science, and overt crackpottery will not be tolerated anywhere on the site.

https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=5374

Try the rules section, I agree myself that overly speculative stuff does not help people trying to learn the fundamentals, whilst it's very important we express an opinion on any subject in physics, there needs to be at least a certain amount of decorum; people posting wildly speculative stuff that has no grounding in science is not what a science forum is about. If you want to post that ensure that you do so and debunk it adequately or show why you think it is untenable, if not take it to an area that can account for it. Or even better just don't post it without permission from a mentor.

I don't think it's an unreasonable demand, some forums like to dwell on the overly speculative, and you are welcome to join them. This forum in my experience keeps it more legitimate, and that is laudable.

 

[masudr]

@Fredrik:

Yeah, the IR forum still has quite strict guidelines. They're not idle speculations. I like PF, it's like SFW but in terms of physics ideas.

 

[Fra]

There are many open questions in physics, and we welcome discussion on those subjects provided the discussion remains intellectually sound. It is against our Posting Guidelines to discuss, in most of the PF forums, new or non-mainstream theories or ideas that have not been published in professional peer-reviewed journals or are not part of current professional scientific discussion.

Doesn't the first and the latter slightly contradict? Or is it implicity assumed that all "intellectually sound" discussions has already been published or that someone who doesn't get payed to publish papers are not to be taken seriously? Or are exceptions to any rules allowed as long as they are "intellectually sound"?

In the strict interpretation of this, I must have violated the forum policy several times, but I haven't seen any complaints. My purposes of beeing here is to exchange ideas in areas that interest me, and for me it happens to border along the foundational and philosophical parts of physics. If I want mainstream ideas I'll read a book.

/Fredrik

 

[meopemuk]

I read your comment like "there is no empirical evidence to support that we can't do this assumption".

You are certainly welcome to make any assumptions. However, if you want to be taken seriously you must develop these assumptions into some kind of working formalism and demonstrate that your theory provides a better understanding of natural phenomena than the existing theory. Personally, I am not impressed by your "probabilities upon probabilities". However, the field of quantum gravity have seen more outrageous proposals. This field is still wide open. Nobody seems to know what to do. Maybe you are the one who got it right? Give it a try. [/QUOTE]

I know the notion can be discussed, but set aside this, I know what the 2nd quantization is and it's been motivated in sometimes quite doubtful ways in books I've seen. I'm suggesting that there is a deeper understanding of this process. And in that case, the "n'th quantization" does make sense to me: "The probability of the probability of the probability of the ..." n times. In fact this can be thought of as an induction step in a larger process. What I mean is that, given the nature of the induction, how can you stop at one iteration and not ask why? You're comment takes the notion of a particle for granted. This isn't obvious either?
/Fredrik

The idea of "third quantization" is floating around for a long time. I just typed this phrase in Google and got 219 hits. Have you checked the literature?

 

[Fra]

However, if you want to be taken seriously you must develop these assumptions into some kind of working formalism and demonstrate that your theory provides a better understanding of natural phenomena than the existing theory.

About "assumption", in my comment above, what I meant was that it was the standard approach that makes the "assumption", not me.

Anway, I'm fully aware of that this has to mature, and I'm working on that, as fast as I can given that this is a hobby for me. If I didn't think I could do better I wouldn't bother. There will be a formalism indeed. But I am not _near_ done yet.

The idea of "third quantization" is floating around for a long time. I just typed this phrase in Google and got 219 hits. Have you checked the literature?

Given limited time, I try to make my selection of what to read and not. I've seen people loosely associating string theory with third quantization although the word third quantization isn't that popular perhaps, and if I'm not mistaken John Baez had some notes about nth quantization long time ago on his site. (I do not like string theory btw). Not that it explained anything, but showing the the idea is out there. That idea is not mine. I'm aware of some of the ideas out there, but the closest I found related to my thinking are the work of Ariel Caticha, who is considering a ME principle as a generalisation of bayes rule and tries to dedude dynamics from the logic of subjective reasoning. Subjective here relates to subjective probabilites of particles interacting. He does not make any connection to n'th quantization though, I do that. This is just a brick in larger scheme. I will contain refined definitions of energy, mass and dimensionality as qualities induced from data which is considerd to contain information.

Given more time, I would love to present the ideas, but at this point I'm in the process of working them out, and to explain the idea to someone who is not coming from the same view, I can't just present ideas, I need to have a complete machinery to present. The completion is what will support the ideas, as viewed from someone who doesn't acknowledge the ideas from the beginning. You probably want to see the proof of success, before you acknowledge the question I ask. I can understand that, because that's the way things work. I am probably the same when it comes to other ideas. That's reality we have to accept, and I have accepted it. Meanwhile I'm working on this.

/Fredrik

 

[Demystifier]

Yes, of course.But once you give it a probability interpretation, it does not cease to be a field.



Schrodinger equation is anyway an approximate(i.e. non-relativistic) description of reality--why worry about it all when relativistic formalism is available.I think we stick to the Schrodinger equation because it's (mathematically)easier to deal with.

With such a reasoning, we have TWO independent theories (nonrelativistic QM and relativistic QFT) that are mutually logically incompatible. Therefore, at least one of them must be wrong. Still, both are in agreement with observations, although at different regimes. If you don't think that there is a puzzle here to solve, then I cannot help you ...

 

[Fra]

I may not agree with Demystifiers Bohmian view but I still feel that he is posing many good questions. I agree that there are many logical blind spots in the usual reasoning to QM and QFT. This is not satisfactory.

/Fredrik

 

[Demystifier]

I may not agree with Demystifiers Bohmian view but I still feel that he is posing many good questions. I agree that there are many logical blind spots in the usual reasoning to QM and QFT. This is not satisfactory.

To recognize the problem is sometimes not easier than to solve it. I have found that the Bohmian interpretation offers a possible solution to several fundamental problems, but I would like to see different solutions as well.

 

[Fra]

> To recognize the problem is sometimes not easier than to solve it.

I agree with this.

/Fredrik

 

[meopemuk]

With such a reasoning, we have TWO independent theories (nonrelativistic QM and relativistic QFT) that are mutually logically incompatible. Therefore, at least one of them must be wrong. Still, both are in agreement with observations, although at different regimes. If you don't think that there is a puzzle here to solve, then I cannot help you ...

When reading most QFT textbooks you can easily get an impression that QFT and QM are totally different subjects. In my opinion, this is not true. QFT is simply an application of QM to systems in which the number of particles can change. This is the point of view developed in S. Weinberg's "The quantum theory of fields" vol. 1. This book is not an easy read, but very rewarding.

Weinberg's point is that in QFT (just as in QM) we are interested in description of particles and their interactions. Then quantum fields come into the picture as an auxiliary tool that is useful for building particle interaction operators, which are consistent with relativity and cluster separability.

 

[Demystifier]

Meopemuk, I agree with you that QFT is actually a more sofisticated theory of particles. Yet, QFT does not answer the question why |\psi(x,t)|^2
represents the probability density of particle positions in the nonrelativistic limit.

 

[Fra]

Meopemuk, I agree with you that QFT is actually a more sofisticated theory of particles. Yet, QFT does not answer the question why |\psi(x,t)|^2
represents the probability density of particle positions in the nonrelativistic limit.

Demystifier, these are good questions from my point of view. I think a satisfactory answer can possible be given in a information learning approach (once more work is done on it) that I've related to in most of my comments on here. It boils down to the question of understanding how a deviation from an expectation can give birth to new concepts, and how this can be done in a systematic way that is in line with the laws of physics.

This is sort of related to your paper on motivating strings, but I see if from a completely different view. But I also see that we share some questions.

Instead of considering an initial value problem of position, momentum and so on, and consider some "mechanical evolution". I instead think it's fruitful to consider an initial value problem which is an opinion, or relative information. You can consider an initial value problems where the different particles have different information about each other. Now the dynamics of this will be closely related to learning. This way of thinking gives a deeper insight to the particle -> field transitions, and also to the nature of time. One may think that the notion of information requires a human brain but that isn't hte idea. A particle can store information about other particles by encoding it in it's own physical states. This also implies a limit of resolution, because a small particle can't encode arbitrary amounts of information. This relates to mass and energy too.

It might even be possible to give an interpretation of the "bohmian particles" in that view, using this thinking. The notion of a "particle" is relative. In the mechanistic thinking this is werid, but in terms of information physics this is completely natural.

I don't know when something is readable but I'll definitely ask you for comments once I've got something readable. Even though you like Bohm, I've got a feeling this may or may not be at least partly appealing to you considering the questions you ask.

/Fredrik

 

[Demystifier]

Thanks Fra, I would like to see your results when they become available.