Motion in one dimension problem

In summary: I'd like to know the different between the speed and the magnitude of velocity.In summary, the given conversation discusses the movement of an object along the x-axis with a given equation. It then proceeds to determine the average and instantaneous speed and acceleration at a specific time, as well as the time when the object is at rest. The concepts of average speed and velocity, instantaneous speed and velocity, and the difference between speed and magnitude of velocity are also mentioned.
  • #1
Ammar w
28
0

Homework Statement


An object moves along the x-axis according to the equation x = 3.00t2 - 2.00t + 3.00 , where x is in meters and t is in seconds.
Determine :
(a) the average speed between t = 2.00 s and t = 3.00 s.
(b) the instantaneous speed at t = 2.00
(c) the average acceleration between t = 2.00 s and t = 3.00 s.
(d) the instantaneous acceleration at t = 2.00 s
(e) at what time is the object at rest?


Homework Equations


average speed = [itex]\frac{d(total distance travelled)}{\Delta t}[/itex]

instantaneous speed = [itex]\frac{dx}{dt}[/itex]

[itex]\overline{a}[/itex] (average acceleration) = [itex]\frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}[/itex]

a (instantaneous acceleration) = [itex]\frac{dv}{dt}[/itex] = [itex]\frac{dx^2}{dt}[/itex]

The Attempt at a Solution



(a) I couldn't calculate the total distance.

(b) instantaneous speed = instantaneous velocity = [itex]\frac{dx}{dt}[/itex] = 6.00t - 2.00
instantaneous speed at t=2.00 = 6.00(2)-2.00 = 10 m/s

(c) [itex]\overline{a}[/itex] = [itex]\frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}[/itex] = [itex]\frac{vf-vi}{1}[/itex] = [itex]\frac{v(3)-v(2)}{1}[/itex] = [itex]\frac{16-10}{1}[/itex] = 6 m/s2

(d) a = [itex]\frac{dx^2}{dt}[/itex] = 6 => a at 2.00s = 6 m/s2

(e) the rest means that v = 0
=> 6t-2=0
=>t=0.33 s //it seems wrong.
 
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  • #2
Looks like you did pretty well.

The total distance? x= distance,
so calculate x at 3 secs minus x at 2 secs
 
  • #3
thanks
but x at 3 minus x at 2 is the displacement which we use to calculate the average velocity not average speed. right??
 
  • #4
Speed is just (absolute) velocity.
 
  • #5
I think no.\
the average velocity is different from average speed
average velocity = dispacement/time
average speed = distance/time
sometimes average velocity is zero (when a particle moves and return to the starting point) where the average speed is a positive number.

in this problem I think the distance is like what you said = x at 3s - x at 2s because the position x is always increasing (from the equation)
 
  • #6
Speed is defined as the scalar magnitude of the velocity vector. Since this is a one dimensional problem it simply becomes the absolute velocity.
Fact.
 
  • #7
sorry, still not convinced!
 

FAQ: Motion in one dimension problem

1. What is "motion in one dimension problem"?

Motion in one dimension problem is a type of physics problem that involves the study of the movement of an object along a single axis or direction. It deals with the concepts of position, velocity, and acceleration of an object in a straight line.

2. What are the key equations used in solving motion in one dimension problems?

The key equations used in solving motion in one dimension problems are the equations of motion:
- Position: x = x0 + v0t + 1/2at^2
- Velocity: v = v0 + at
- Acceleration: a = (v - v0)/t

3. How do you determine the direction of motion in a one dimension problem?

The direction of motion in a one dimension problem can be determined by setting a positive direction and assigning positive and negative signs to velocity and acceleration values. If the velocity or acceleration is in the positive direction, it will be assigned a positive sign, and if it is in the negative direction, it will be assigned a negative sign.

4. What are the key assumptions made in solving motion in one dimension problems?

The key assumptions made in solving motion in one dimension problems are:
- The object is moving along a straight line with constant acceleration.
- There is no external force acting on the object.
- The effects of air resistance and friction are negligible.
- The object is considered a point mass with no size or shape.

5. How do you solve for time in a motion in one dimension problem?

To solve for time in a motion in one dimension problem, you can use the equation t = (v - v0)/a, where v is the final velocity, v0 is the initial velocity, and a is the acceleration. You can also use the quadratic formula if the problem involves two values of time. Additionally, you can use the time values given in the problem if it is already known.

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