PIGA: Pendulous Integrating Gyroscopic Accelerometer

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pervect
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Wiki describes the PIGA, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIGA_accelerometer. I want to see if I have a basic intuitive understanding of how it works.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIGA_accelerometer#/media/File:PIGA_accelerometer_1.png
PIGA_accelerometer

PIGA_accelerometer_1.png

Lets imagine that the device, as shown, is at rest on the Earth's surface, with the "direction of flight" on the diagram being upwards. Let us also imagine that the motor on the top of the instrument is powered off. What I think should happen is that the gyroscope simply acts as pendulum, and falls downwards at the end of the pivot arm due to the Earth's gravity. While the gyroscope attempts to precess in a direction given by the right hand rule between the axis of rotation of the gyroscope and the applied torque due to the Earth's gravity, the mounting of the gyroscope prevents precession in this direction and the pendulum essentially falls in the same manner as it would if the gyroscope were not spinning.

Let us now imagine that as the gyroscope falls, it activates the torque motor. The resulting torque, assuming the motor is wired to rotate in the right direction, causes the pendulum to rise due to the cross product of the spin axis and the applied torque.

Thus, as Wiki describes, if a feedback loop holds the pendulum in the horizontal position, the angular velocity of rotation of the torque motor is proportional to the acceleration along the axis of flight, in this case that is the Earth's gravity.
 

FAQ: PIGA: Pendulous Integrating Gyroscopic Accelerometer

What is a PIGA: Pendulous Integrating Gyroscopic Accelerometer?

A PIGA, or Pendulous Integrating Gyroscopic Accelerometer, is an advanced type of accelerometer that combines the principles of gyroscopes and pendulous systems to measure acceleration. It is particularly noted for its high precision and is often used in applications that require accurate inertial navigation, such as aerospace and military systems.

How does a PIGA work?

A PIGA works by using a gyroscope to sense rotational motion and a pendulous system to detect linear acceleration. The device integrates the acceleration over time to provide a velocity output. The gyroscope maintains a stable reference direction, while the pendulum responds to accelerative forces, allowing the device to measure the rate of change of velocity accurately.

What are the primary applications of a PIGA?

The primary applications of a PIGA include inertial navigation systems for aircraft, submarines, and spacecraft. They are also used in missile guidance systems, where precise measurement of acceleration and velocity is crucial. Additionally, PIGAs can be found in some advanced robotics and autonomous vehicle systems.

What are the advantages of using a PIGA?

PIGAs offer several advantages, including high precision and stability, the ability to operate over a wide range of temperatures and conditions, and long-term reliability. Their integration of gyroscopic and pendulous mechanisms allows for accurate measurements of both linear and rotational movements, making them suitable for demanding applications.

What are the limitations of a PIGA?

Despite their advantages, PIGAs have some limitations. They can be more complex and expensive compared to other types of accelerometers. Additionally, they require careful calibration and maintenance to ensure accuracy. Their size and weight may also be a constraint in some applications where space and weight are critical factors.

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