To prove that p(x) = f(x+a) is a polynomial of degree n for each real a, it is essential to clarify the nature of the function f. The discussion emphasizes that f must be defined as a polynomial function; otherwise, the statement does not hold true. An example is provided where if f(x) = sin(x), then p(x) = sin(x+a) is not a polynomial. Participants suggest revisiting the definitions and conditions surrounding f to correctly approach the proof. Understanding these foundational aspects is crucial for successfully proving the polynomial property.