A pump is a mechanical device used to move fluids, such as liquids and gases, from one place to another. In calculations, pumps are used to determine the flow rate, pressure, and power required for a specific system.
There are several types of pumps used for calculations, including centrifugal pumps, positive displacement pumps, and reciprocating pumps. Each type has its own specific function and is selected based on the system requirements.
The pump flow rate can be calculated by dividing the volume of fluid moved by the time it takes to move it. This can also be represented as the pump's discharge rate, which is typically measured in gallons per minute (GPM) or liters per minute (LPM).
The pump head is the measure of the energy required by the pump to move fluid against resistance. The formula for calculating pump head is: Head = (flow rate x pressure)/ (density x gravity). This formula takes into account the fluid's density, the acceleration due to gravity, and the pressure required to move the fluid.
The power required for a pump can be calculated by multiplying the pump head by the flow rate and dividing the result by the efficiency of the pump. This will give you the power required in units of watts (W) or horsepower (HP).