Questions about my Understanding of Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics

In summary, the document explores fundamental concepts in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, addressing key questions regarding the laws of thermodynamics, the nature of entropy, and the relationship between macroscopic and microscopic states. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these principles for applications in various scientific fields and encourages deeper inquiry into how statistical mechanics provides a framework for interpreting thermodynamic behavior.
  • #1
Yseult
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Good afternoon all,

I have two questions to check my understanding/understand better those questions.

Why is heat capacity an important quantity in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics?
From my understanding, heat capacity is an extensible property so any change in the system would result in a change in the heat capacity. It also works with constant pressure and volume, making it ideal. Works with different types of molecules (monatomic, diatomic ...).
Is there more to it that I am missing?

The specific heat capacity contribution from the electrons in a metal at RTP differs from the equipartition for electron gas, why?
I understand that electrons have no contribution to heat capacity and only a few are excited by the Pauli exclusions principle. In a metal, electrons are delocalised but in a gas electrons would vibrate more so would have more energy. There is also the idea of the Fermi energy and at lower temperatures, they would have the maximum Fermi energy. But how does the fermi energy relate to the heat capacity?
How would the equipartition be related in this case for electrons? I understand for molecules but not for electrons.

If I could get some help to understand those better that would be great :D
 
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  • #2
Yseult said:
Good afternoon all,

I have two questions to check my understanding/understand better those questions.

Why is heat capacity an important quantity in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics?
From my understanding, heat capacity is an extensible property so any change in the system would result in a change in the heat capacity. It also works with constant pressure and volume, making it ideal. Works with different types of molecules (monatomic, diatomic ...).
Is there more to it that I am missing?
Specific heat capacity is an intensive property, and changes in other intensive properties will affect specific heat capacity. What you are missing is the "how" of "how is heat capacity applied in practice to analyze thermodynamics changes in physical systems." Without knowing how it can be applied in practice, understanding what it represent is useless.
 
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Likes vanhees71
  • #3
Chestermiller said:
Specific heat capacity is an intensive property, and changes in other intensive properties will affect specific heat capacity. What you are missing is the "how" of "how is heat capacity applied in practice to analyze thermodynamics changes in physical systems." Without knowing how it can be applied in practice, understanding what it represent is useless.
Thank you for the answer! I will look more into it.
 

FAQ: Questions about my Understanding of Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics

What is the difference between thermodynamics and statistical mechanics?

Thermodynamics is the macroscopic study of energy, heat, work, and how they affect matter. It focuses on bulk properties and does not concern itself with the microscopic details of systems. Statistical mechanics, on the other hand, provides a microscopic explanation of thermodynamic phenomena by considering the behavior of individual particles and their statistical distributions. It bridges the gap between microscopic laws of physics and macroscopic observations.

How does the second law of thermodynamics relate to entropy?

The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time. Entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness in a system. The second law implies that natural processes tend to move towards a state of maximum entropy, meaning systems will evolve towards thermodynamic equilibrium, where entropy is at its highest.

What is the significance of the partition function in statistical mechanics?

The partition function is a central concept in statistical mechanics that encapsulates all the statistical properties of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium. It is a sum over all possible states of the system, weighted by the Boltzmann factor, which accounts for the energy of each state and the temperature. The partition function allows for the calculation of important thermodynamic quantities such as free energy, entropy, and specific heat.

Can you explain the concept of ensemble in statistical mechanics?

An ensemble in statistical mechanics is a large collection of virtual copies of a system, each representing a possible state that the system could be in, according to a specific set of macroscopic conditions. There are different types of ensembles, such as the microcanonical ensemble (constant energy, volume, and particle number), canonical ensemble (constant temperature, volume, and particle number), and grand canonical ensemble (constant temperature, volume, and chemical potential). These ensembles help in deriving macroscopic properties from microscopic states.

Why is the concept of temperature important in both thermodynamics and statistical mechanics?

Temperature is a fundamental concept that appears in both thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. In thermodynamics, temperature is a measure of the thermal energy of a system and determines the direction of heat transfer between systems. In statistical mechanics, temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of particles in a system. It plays a crucial role in determining the distribution of particles among different energy states and thus affects the macroscopic properties of the system.

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