Regarding fibrations between smooth manifolds

In summary, the two conditions for a quotient map are that U is open iff p^{-1}(U) is open in X and that f is smooth iff f ◦ p is a smooth function on p^{-1}(U).
  • #1
aalma
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Definitions:
1. A map ##p : X → Y## of smooth manifolds is called a trivial fibration with fiber ##Z## which is also a smooth manifold, if there is a diffeomorphism ##θ : X → Y ×Z## such that ##p## is the composition of ##θ## with the natural projection ##pr_1:Y × Z → Y##.
2. A map ##p: X →Y## is a locally trivial fibration with fiber ##Z## if for all ##y \in Y## there exists an open neighborhood ##U⊂Y## of ##y## such that ##p: p^{−1}(U) → U## is a trivial fibration with fiber ##Z##.
3. A smooth map ##p : X → Y## is called a quotient map if the following conditions are fulfilled:
1. ##U ⊂Y## is open iff ##p^{−1}(U)## is open in X.
2. ##f : U →R## is smooth iff ##f ◦p## is a smooth function on ##p^{−1}(U)##.
Now, I need to show that any locally trivial fibration is a quotient map.

Let ##p:X\to Y## a locally trivial fibration.
Well I need to verify the two conditions for a quotient map
  1. ##U ⊂ Y## is open iff ##p^{-1}(U)## is open in ##X##.
  2. ##f : U → R## is smooth iff ##f ◦ p## is a smooth function on ##p^{-1}(U)##.
For the first condition, suppose that ##U## is an open subset of ##Y##. We want to show that ##p^{-1}(U)## is open in ##X##. By the definition of a locally trivial fibration, for every ##y \in U##, there exists an open neighborhood ##V_y## of ##y## such that ##p^{-1}(V_y)## is diffeomorphic to ##V_y × Z## via a diffeomorphism ##θ_y##. Since ##U## is an open subset of ##Y##, we can cover ##U## by the open neighborhoods ##V_y##. That is, ##U = ∪_y V_y##.
Now consider ##p^{-1}(U)##. For any point ##x \in p^{-1}(U)##, we have ##p(x) ∈ U##, so there exists a ##V_y## containing ##p(x)##. Since ##p^{-1}(V_y)## is diffeomorphic to ##V_y × Z## via ##θ_y##, we can write ##x = θ_y(y', z)## for some ##y' \in V_y## and ##z \in Z##. Moreover, since ##V_y## is an open neighborhood of ##y##, we can assume that ##y'## lies in a smaller open set ##U_y## contained in ##V_y##. Therefore, we have ##x = θ_y(y', z) ∈ U_y × Z##, which is contained in ##p^{-1}(V_y)##. Thus, we have shown that every point ##x \in p^{-1}(U)## is contained in an open set of the form ##U_y × Z##, which is diffeomorphic to an open set in ##Y × Z##. Therefore, ##p^{-1}(U)## is an open subset of ##X##.
Does this seem okay?
Next, let's consider the second condition. Suppose that ##f : U → R## is a smooth function on ##U##. We want to show that ##f ◦ p## is a smooth function on ##p^{-1}(U)##. For any point ##x \in p^{-1}(U)##, we have ##p(x) ∈ U##, so there exists a ##V_y## containing ##p(x)##. Since ##p^{-1}(V_y)## is diffeomorphic to ##V_y × Z## via ##θ_y##, we can write ##x = θ_y(y', z)## for some ##y' \in V_y## and ##z \in Z##. Moreover, since ##f## is smooth on ##U##, we can write ##f(y') = g_y(y')## for some smooth function ##g_y## on ##V_y##. Then we have:
##(f ◦ p)(x) = f(p(x)) = f(y') = g_y(y') = (g_y ◦ p')(y', z)##
where ##p'## is the projection ##Y × Z → Y##. We note that ##(g_y ◦ p')## is a smooth function on ##V_y × Z##, which is diffeomorphic to ##p^{-1}(V_y)## via ##θ_y##. Therefore, ##(g_y ◦ p')(y', z)## is a smooth function on ##p^{-1}(V_y)##, which contains ##x##. Since this is true for any ##V_y## containing p(x), we conclude that ##f ◦ p## is a smooth function on ##p^{-1}(U)##.
What do you think?Thanks in advance for any tips..
 
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  • #2
i apologize if this is unhelpful, but i hope it may be. First step is to realize it suffices to prove this for a trivial fibration p:YxZ-->Y, in which case it follows almost immediately from the definition of the product topology and the fact that p restricts to a diffeomorphism from Yx{q}-->Y, for any point q in Z.
 
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FAQ: Regarding fibrations between smooth manifolds

What is a fibration in the context of smooth manifolds?

A fibration is a specific type of mapping between smooth manifolds that has the homotopy lifting property. More formally, a smooth map \( p: E \to B \) between smooth manifolds \( E \) (the total space) and \( B \) (the base space) is called a fibration if for every homotopy \( H: X \times [0,1] \to B \) and every lift \( \tilde{H}_0: X \to E \) of \( H|_{X \times \{0\}} \), there exists a lift \( \tilde{H}: X \times [0,1] \to E \) of \( H \) such that \( \tilde{H}|_{X \times \{0\}} = \tilde{H}_0 \). This property allows fibers \( p^{-1}(b) \) over points \( b \in B \) to behave well under deformation.

What are the key properties of fibrations?

Fibrations possess several important properties, including the homotopy lifting property mentioned earlier, which allows for the lifting of homotopies from the base space to the total space. Additionally, fibrations have locally trivial structures, meaning that around each point in the base space, the total space looks like a product of the base space and a typical fiber. This local triviality is crucial for understanding the topology of the fibration and its fibers.

How do fibrations relate to covering spaces?

While both fibrations and covering spaces are concepts in topology that deal with mapping spaces, they differ in their structures and properties. A covering space is a special case of a fibration where the fibers are discrete sets, typically consisting of multiple points that are evenly spaced over the base space. In contrast, a fibration can have fibers that are more complex manifolds. Every covering space is a fibration, but not every fibration is a covering space.

Can you give an example of a fibration?

One classic example of a fibration is the projection map from the cylinder \( S^1 \times \mathbb{R} \) to the circle \( S^1 \) given by \( p: S^1 \times \mathbb{R} \to S^1 \) defined by \( p(e^{i\theta}, t) = e^{i\theta} \). In this case, the fibers \( p^{-1}(e^{i\theta}) \) are all homeomorphic to \( \mathbb{R} \), which is a smooth manifold. This example illustrates how the total space can be viewed as a "twisted" product

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