What Are Numbers? - Insights for Beginners

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Hi Everyone

I have been doing further investigation into infinitesimals since I wrote my insight article.

I had an issue with the original article; the link to the foundations of natural numbers, integers, and rational numbers was somewhat advanced. I did need to write an insights article at a level more appropriate to a beginning student who has done some Calculus - but no abstract algebra.

At the same time, my article on infinitesimals had issues since learning more about the subject.

It took a while, but I completed an insights article rectifying both issues, which is now published - What Are Numbers.

https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/what-are-numbers/

I will leave my original article alone for now but will eventually delete it as this replaces it.

I will shortly publish an insights article based on an interesting book called Precalculus Made Difficult.

It is different from the usual precalculus text in that it covers in the US what is called Algebra 1, Geometry, Algebra 2, and Precalculus in one text. Instead of taking 4 years to cover the material, IMHO, an average student can do it in 2 years; a good student could do it in a year. The text has some 'issues' in that it uses things like 2^x without first defining 2^x, where x is a real number. There is only one way to fix this - with calculus. So when it reaches that point in the text, I introduce calculus and define it properly. This also includes an introduction to set theory and infinitesimals, but at a level, I believe appropriate for the audience.

After that is done, the rest of the text is studied. It, however, does not introduce complex numbers. To fix that, I included a section on complex numbers with a bit of a calculus flavour eg prove Euler's famous relation.

This provides, again, IMHO, good preparation to study the author's associated calculus text - Full Frontal Calculus.

Precalculus More Difficult is available for free. The associated calculus text Full Frontal Calculus was free but now costs $9.00 - still rather cheap. Both are available as books from Amazon and would be my preference unless money is an issue.

If the reader has not done calculus, that article, and Full Frontal Calculus, should be studied before tackling this article.

Thanks
Bill
 
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FAQ: What Are Numbers? - Insights for Beginners

What are numbers?

Numbers are abstract concepts used to represent quantities, measurements, or positions in a sequence. They can be whole numbers, fractions, decimals, or even irrational numbers, and they serve as fundamental tools in mathematics and everyday life for counting, calculating, and comparing.

What types of numbers exist?

There are several types of numbers, including natural numbers (1, 2, 3, ...), whole numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, ...), integers (..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ...), rational numbers (fractions like 1/2, 3/4), irrational numbers (like π and √2), and real numbers (which include both rational and irrational numbers).

How do we use numbers in daily life?

Numbers are used in countless ways in daily life, such as in budgeting, cooking, measuring distances, telling time, and making decisions based on statistical data. They help us quantify and organize our experiences and make sense of the world around us.

What is the importance of numbers in mathematics?

Numbers form the foundation of mathematics. They are essential for performing calculations, solving equations, and understanding mathematical concepts. Numbers also enable the development of various branches of mathematics, including algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics.

Can numbers have different representations?

Yes, numbers can be represented in various forms, such as in numeral systems (like decimal, binary, or hexadecimal), through symbols (like Roman numerals), or visually (on graphs or charts). Each representation can provide different insights or facilitate different types of calculations and analyses.

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