Telephoto lenses are designed with a longer focal length compared to single convex lenses due to their unique optical construction, which includes multiple lens elements that work together to magnify distant subjects. This design allows telephoto lenses to compress perspective and provide a narrower field of view, making them ideal for capturing distant objects. The longer focal length results in a shallower depth of field, enhancing subject isolation in photography. Additionally, telephoto lenses can achieve greater magnification without increasing the physical size of the lens. Overall, the combination of these features distinguishes telephoto lenses from standard convex lenses.