Why do two textbooks have conflicting equations for the harmonic wave equation?

AI Thread Summary
Two textbooks present conflicting equations for the harmonic wave equation due to different approaches in deriving the displacement equations. One textbook derives the equation based on displacement at time t=0, while the other uses displacement at position x=0. Both agree on the wave's behavior in the negative x direction, but the second textbook omits the phase constant, leading to confusion. The discrepancy arises because the equations are equivalent, differing only by a sign and the arbitrary constant A. Understanding these nuances clarifies that both representations can describe the same physical wave phenomenon.
SuperSpasm
Messages
2
Reaction score
0

Homework Statement


I'm using a couple different textbooks on waves, and it seems they've possibly contradicted one another.
I think the problem may be that one deduced the equation for displacement in a transverse harmonic wave
y(x,t) through the equation for displacement at t=0 [y(x,0)] and the other for displacement at x=0 [y(0,t)]
they both use the example of a rope shaken in set time intervals to make a harmonic wave, with an x-axis set at the position of the rope "at rest", and seem to agree when the wave is going in the negative x direction.
I'm trying to cram this for a test tomorrow and don't really fully understand it, so I'll try to put whatever equations they used to derive this in so maybe you can understand the difference, sorry if this gets long or redundant.

Homework Equations


1st textbook (this one I was able to follow):

##t=0:##
##y = Asin(\frac{2\pi x}{\lambda} + \phi) ##

##t\neq 0:##
##y = Asin(\frac{2\pi (x \pm vt)}{\lambda} + \phi)##
##y = Asin(\frac{2\pi x}{\lambda} \pm \frac{2\pi vt}{\lambda} +\phi)##

##v = \lambda f,\ \frac{v}{\lambda} = f##
##\omega = 2\pi f,\ k = \frac{2\pi}{\lambda}##

finally:
(1) ##y = Asin(kx\pm \omega t + \phi)##

2nd textbook (in the beginning they refer only to a wave moving in the positive x direction):

##x=0##
##y(x,t) = y_{0} (t-\frac{x}{v})## <- this is where I lost them.

then they reference a previous chapter, siting that harmonic motion is given by this:
##y_0(t) = Acos(\omega t + \phi)##
##y(x,t) = Asin[\omega (t - \frac{x}{v})] ##
(2) ##y(x,t) = Asin(\omega t - kx)##

and for waves moving in the negative x direction:
## y(x,t) = Asin(\omega t + kx)##

the discrepency here is that (1) = -(2) [since ##\omega t - kx = -(kx - \omega t)## and ##sin(-a) = -sin(a)##]

as I write this I'm starting to think it maybe has to do with the second book omitting the phase constant ##\phi##? Nonetheless I'm kinda lost with the second book's reasoning. Can anyone explain this to me?
 
Physics news on Phys.org
The second equation clearly assumes that ##y(0,0) = 0##; whereas, the first equation allows ##y(0,0)## to be non-zero. The two equations are, however, equivalent apart from this. What you're missing is that ##A## is an arbitrary constant. So, for a particular solution, you would have ##A## in one case and ##-A## in the other.
 
  • Like
Likes SuperSpasm
I think I get it now, thanks!
 
Thread 'Voltmeter readings for this circuit with switches'
TL;DR Summary: I would like to know the voltmeter readings on the two resistors separately in the picture in the following cases , When one of the keys is closed When both of them are opened (Knowing that the battery has negligible internal resistance) My thoughts for the first case , one of them must be 12 volt while the other is 0 The second case we'll I think both voltmeter readings should be 12 volt since they are both parallel to the battery and they involve the key within what the...
Thread 'Correct statement about a reservoir with an outlet pipe'
The answer to this question is statements (ii) and (iv) are correct. (i) This is FALSE because the speed of water in the tap is greater than speed at the water surface (ii) I don't even understand this statement. What does the "seal" part have to do with water flowing out? Won't the water still flow out through the tap until the tank is empty whether the reservoir is sealed or not? (iii) In my opinion, this statement would be correct. Increasing the gravitational potential energy of the...
Back
Top