Why doesn't dark matter clump together?

In summary, dark matter particles have no friction forces to slow them down, but there are other ways for them to dissipate kinetic energy. This includes exchanges of momentum when particles interact gravitationally, leading to a redistribution of momentum within a cloud of dark matter particles. However, this process is not strong enough to create small, dense bodies of dark matter, as these have been ruled out as potential candidates for dark matter.
  • #1
mrspeedybob
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I understand there are no friction forces to slow it down but there are other means of dissipating kinetic energy.

Every time 2 dark matter particles come close enough to interact gravitationally there should be some exchange of momentum. If there is a cloud of dark matter particles, such as in and around a galaxy, there would be constant re-distribution of momentum. Each time a particle acquires enough momentum to escape the cloud the average momentum of the particles in the cloud is reduced. This would be a sort of evaporation that continually lowers the average temperature of the cloud. Cosmic expansion would create a difference between the amount of energy gained from incoming particles and that lost with outgoing particles. The result of all this should be small, dense, bodies of dark matter.

I understand that small, dense, non-luminous bodies have been ruled out as dark matter candidates. What prevents dark matter from behaving as I have suggested?
 
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  • #2
Every time 2 dark matter particles come close enough to interact gravitationally there should be some exchange of momentum.
Sure, but that momentum exchange is tiny. Gravitational attraction between individual particles is almost negligible. It is sufficient to give clumping on the scale of galaxies (where you have many particles interacting at the same time), but not on smaller scales within the current lifetime of the universe.
 

FAQ: Why doesn't dark matter clump together?

1. Why is dark matter called "dark"?

Dark matter is called "dark" because it does not interact with light, meaning it does not absorb, emit, or reflect electromagnetic radiation. This makes it invisible to telescopes and other instruments that rely on detecting light.

2. How do we know that dark matter exists if we can't see it?

Scientists have observed the effects of dark matter through its gravitational pull on visible matter. For example, galaxies rotate at higher speeds than expected based on the amount of visible matter they contain, indicating the presence of additional invisible matter. Additionally, the bending of light from distant objects, known as gravitational lensing, can only be explained by the presence of dark matter.

3. If dark matter doesn't interact with light, how does it clump together?

Dark matter is believed to interact with itself and other matter through gravity, just like regular matter does. This allows it to clump together under the influence of gravity, forming structures such as galaxies and galaxy clusters.

4. Can dark matter clump together with regular matter?

No, dark matter and regular matter do not interact with each other except through gravity. This means that dark matter cannot clump together with regular matter, and will instead pass through it without any effect.

5. Why doesn't dark matter clump together as tightly as regular matter?

Dark matter is less dense than regular matter, meaning it takes up more space for the same amount of mass. This is because it does not interact with itself or other matter through forces other than gravity. Without these additional interactions, dark matter particles can pass through each other without slowing down or losing energy, resulting in a more diffuse and spread out distribution compared to regular matter.

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