Year 12: Cambridge Physics Problem (Movement of Bromine gas in air)

In summary, bromine gas at atmospheric pressure and room temperature has a density of 6.4 kg/m3 and an approximate r.m.s. speed of 216.5 m/s for its molecules. This low speed compared to the r.m.s. speed can be explained by the random collisions between bromine and air molecules. The mean free path for a bromine molecule can be calculated using the equation x = λ√n, where x is the distance traveled and λ is the average distance between successive collisions. The size difference between bromine and air molecules, as well as the fact that each bromine molecule consists of two atoms, may affect the estimates for λ and the diameter of a bromine molecule. These factors should also
  • #1
johnconnor
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Bromine gas at atmospheric pressure and room temperature has a density of 6.4 kg/m3. An approximate r.m.s. speed of bromine molecules is 216.5 m/s.

Experiments show that bromine molecules take about 500s to diffuse 0.1m in air. This low speed compared with the r.m.s. speed can be attributed to the random collisions of bromine and air molecules. A bromine molecule travels an average distance λ between successive collisions and makes n collisions in traveling a distance x, where x = λ sqrt(n).

(The next 3 parts of the question deal with the value of λ, diameter of bromine molecule d, and volume occupied by a bromine molecule.)

Question:
It is known that the air molecules would move with an rms speed of approximately 500m/s, that air molecules are smaller than bromine molecules and that each bromine molecule consists of two bromine atoms. Discuss whether these facts have any significant effects on your estimates of λ and d.

Attempt:

I'm guessing that since the sizes (and therefore masses) of the bromine and air molecules are dissimilar, collision would result in a reduced post-impact speed for bromine (since air molecules are smaller and they carry more speed than bromine through conservation of momentum). Therefore the mean free path will be smaller, since the air molecules move about quicker after each collision. That means d will decrease too.

What do you think? Any comments or advice? Thank you!
 
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  • #2
Where can the energy of collisions go, besides kinetic? How does the size of the molecule affect it's interactions with air molecules?

"discuss" problems are often marked according to keywords first, so you need to figure out what physical principles are important and mention them by name ... the situation described sounds like Brownian Motion doesn't it?
 

FAQ: Year 12: Cambridge Physics Problem (Movement of Bromine gas in air)

What is the purpose of this Cambridge Physics Problem?

The purpose of this problem is to test your understanding of the movement of gases in air, specifically the diffusion of Bromine gas. It is a common topic in physics and chemistry, and this problem helps to reinforce your knowledge and problem-solving skills.

What is the significance of Year 12 in this problem?

Year 12 is typically the final year of secondary education, and this problem is designed for students at this level. It covers topics that are typically taught in Year 12 physics classes, making it a useful practice exercise for students at this stage of their education.

How is Bromine gas different from other gases?

Bromine gas is different from other gases because it is a red-brown colored gas at room temperature, unlike most gases which are colorless. It also has a strong odor and is highly reactive, making it a hazardous substance. These properties make it a unique and interesting gas to study in the context of diffusion in air.

What is the formula for calculating the diffusion rate of Bromine gas in air?

The formula for calculating the diffusion rate of Bromine gas in air is given by Graham's law of diffusion, which states that the diffusion rate is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the gas. This can be expressed as:
Diffusion rate = (Molar mass of Bromine gas / Molar mass of air)^(1/2)

How can I use this problem to improve my understanding of physics concepts?

Solving this problem requires a thorough understanding of concepts such as gas laws, diffusion, and molar mass. By attempting this problem and understanding the steps involved in finding the solution, you can reinforce your knowledge of these concepts and improve your problem-solving skills. Additionally, reflecting on the problem-solving process can help identify any areas that may need further review or practice.

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