What is Classical: Definition and 1000 Discussions
Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western culture, generally considered to have begun in Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the late 5th century CE and continuing to present day. Classical music refers to Western musical traditions considered to be apart from or a refinement of Western folk music or popular music traditions. The major periods are the medieval (500–1400), Renaissance (1400–1600), Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1820), Romantic (1800–1910), Modernist (1890–1975) and Postmodern era/Contemporary (1950–present) eras. These periods and their dates are all approximate generalizations and represent gradual stylistic shifts that varied in intensity and prominence throughout the Western world.
The term "classical music" did not appear until the early 19th century, in an attempt to distinctly canonize the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Ludwig van Beethoven as a golden age. The earliest reference to "classical music" recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary is from about 1829.European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European classical and some popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 11th century. Catholic monks developed the first forms of modern European musical notation in order to standardize liturgy throughout the worldwide Church. Western staff notation is used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches and durations for a piece of music. It includes both sacred (religious) and secular music. In contrast to most popular styles that adopted the song (strophic) form or a derivation of this form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the symphony, concerto, fugue, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera, cantata, and mass.
There are many good treatments of the classical central force problem in many undergraduate and graduate textbooks. But I was unable to find a similar treatment of the retarded central force problem. I am looking for the classical treatment of the potentials of type:
\delta(t'-t +...
Homework Statement
if i wanted to obtain an "exact" solution for flow s(t|k) k=(q,p) with a hamiltonian
H(k) = x(ak)
use the fact aJa = 0 where J is the poisson matrix
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
I hate obscure proofs... i like actual question so I'm...
My professor for classical mechanics has asked that we find some difficult problems in classical and solve them. My first thought was to look through my book for hard problems. However, we are using a free PDF that is rather lackluster when it comes to homework problems. Almost all of the...
"Bus tickets in a certain city contain four numbers, U, V, W, X. Each of these four numbers is equally likely to be any of the ten digits 0, 1, 2,...,9 and the four numbers are chosen independently. A bus rider is said to be lucky if U + V = W + X. What proportion of the bus riders are lucky?"...
Hi!
I am looking for suitable ways to learn mechanics in mathematician's perspective.
I went through:
- multivariable calculus from Spivak,
- real analysis from Pugh,
- differential equations from Hirsh/Smale/Devaney (mostly focusing on linear system, existence & uniqueness, nonlinear...
I need a good book, or in other words a book and it's solution manual if available on line - in classical physics.
Some Lagrange, Hamiltonian exercises, with good explanation.
Thanks in advance.
This post moved from "Nick Herbert's proof?"
https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=589134
at the request of the OP.
..
Effects without a cause in Herbert's experiment? I presume that you believe that some quantum events have no cause; not classical effects?
So I would...
Hi folks. I'm wondering who does a good job of explaining this limit, preferably with a good set of examples. It doesn't need to be too basic, but it'd be nice if it went through the phase space stuff a little (I get the impression that my grad prof didn't do a great job with some details based...
Hi all,
Can anyone advise me on the following...I'm trying to get a more intuitive feel to classical strings and have always found following exercises in textbooks and online lecture notes to be useful. However, I'd like to have a sanity check on some of my solutions and ask for some help with...
This is to clarify Landau's treatment of polarization in his classical fields book.
Say we have a monochromatic plane wave
\mathbf{E}=\mathbf{E_0}e^{i(\mathbf{k} \cdot \mathbf{r} - \omega t)}
and we want to make a vector
\mathbf{b}=\mathbf{b_1}+i\mathbf{b_2}
where...
I came across a discussion on net recently, where projectile motion was solved using the quantum mechanical approach.
http://www.physics.csbsju.edu/QM/fall.14.html"][/PLAIN]
I have already seen solution of the vibrations in string using quantum mechanics.
I want to ask can i use quantum...
In the classical view of the electron, would the electron "fall" into the nucleus?
I'm not asking why the electron doesn't fall into the nucleus. I know this is explained by quantum mechanics.
But in class the other day, my professor said that treating the electron as a classical particle...
Hi
Consider a small system A which is described by quantum mechanics. A large system B is surrounding A and this large system is described by classical physics.
What kind of interactions has the system B to the small qm system?
Compared to B is A very small so I guess one can neglect...
As you know,a pure sine wave extends infinitely in both directions and a wave which is the composition of some different frequencies,has a limited extent.Does it mean that such a wave is a pulse moving in space or it has limited range?(I know its crazy to talk about the range of light,but I've...
Hey guys, I'm an electrical engineering student with a strong interest in physics. I would like to work through classical mechanics, E&M, and thermodynamics books. I'm not sure if there's another subject that is usually covered in classical physics (perhaps waves/optics?) but if so, I'd like...
Hey,
http://img822.imageshack.us/img822/407/25944209.jpg
\begin{align}
& \frac{m{{v}^{2}}}{r}=\frac{Z{{e}^{2}}}{4\pi {{\varepsilon }_{0}}{{r}^{2}}} \\
& L=\frac{Z{{e}^{2}}}{4\pi {{\varepsilon }_{0}}v} \\
\end{align}
and I know by using the v derived using Bohr's equations it will give...
Nowadays people usually consider PDEs in weak formulations only, so I have a hard time finding statements about the existence of classical solutions of the Poisson equation with mixed Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions.
Maybe someone here can help me and point to a book or article where I...
Do you consider "photon" as belonging to classical physics or non-classical physics? When Einstein discovered the photoelectric effect and conjectured light was composed of photons. He didn't say it in the context of quantum field theory where the photon is excitation of the electromagnetic...
There are tons of interpretations of quantum mechanics, but I'm unaware of any that are 'classical' as in being local, having realism and determinism.
There is Bells famous work proving that that can't be true for certain aspects of quantum mechanics, but why aren't there any classical...
This question is going to be a bit vague and might lead to nowhere, but still I'll take the risk and try to ask it here.
I know in general how to quantize a field, and from the quantized field one gets the quantized Hamitonian thus the time-evolution operator. However, I wonder what're the...
At a classical physics level, physically big equates to big mass, but at the sub-atomic level, small seems to equate to big mass i.e. (short wavelength big mass relationship. "momentum=h/wavelength"). Any ideas why there is this complete contrast?
Check out this pdf on this website. No signing up or anything, It took me the better half of today to do this. Anyways, this might be well known for people above my basic physics knowledge, but I came up with this all by myself knowing a few simple equations...
When I ask for differences I am not meaning mathematical ones since that it is obvious:
We have a phenomenon p, p can be described by Galilean Relativity (GR)
and by Einsten Relativity (ER).
ER(p)!=GR(p)
The math expression that describes this phenomenon is different.
Then the doppler...
I hope this is in the right sub forum, but my question is simple. What type of mindset is required to complete problems in a 2nd year classical mechanics course.
Comparing a typical classical mechanics problem to a 1st year physics problem, they are both completely different. I find that a...
Is classical mechanics deterministic?
If so, please explain this.
Suppose we collide two bodies with each other. Assuming they are point particles and using conservation of energy and momentum this gives us a set of equations. Unfortunately these aren't enough to predict their...
At the time Schwarzschild derived his solution (1915) he only had a version of the EFE that was not fully coordinate free, he used the equations in unimodular form, and therefore he could only consider the "outside of the star" part of the fully general covariant form we know now.
So does a...
Homework Statement
According to the Debye theory of the specific heat of a three-dimensional solid, the internal vibrational energy of a volume V of a solid containing N atoms is:
U=A(T)\int^{x_{D}}_{0}\frac{x^{3}dx}{e^{x}-1}
where x=\frac{\hbar\omega}{k_{B}T} is the dimensionless form...
Homework Statement
Greetings! This is an example problem at the end of Chapter 1 in Mechanics (Landau):
A simple pendulum of mass m whose point of support oscillates horizontally in the plane of motion of the pendulum according to the law x=acos(\gamma t) .
Find the Lagrangian...
The above is from another thread and I was rather intrigued as to what the posted spoke about. My schooling focused more on "how should my answers be for me to get maximum marks?" and as such, the phrase "rigorous classical education in the arts" seems quite vague to me.
Would you guys be so...
I'm on pg 56 of Thorton's Classical Dynamics book and I see this: Imgur Link
Two questions: 1) Where does the 2 go on the second to last equation. 2) Why v0^2 and not v0 on the integral?
Are there any mysteries yet unexplained in Classical Physics, Thermodynamics or Statistical Mechanics? Or do all the mysteries in physics come out of Modern Physics?
Here's a classical mechanics problem I'm having some trouble with:
A particle of mass m moves on the positive x-axis under the influence of a force F=-K/x^2, where K is a positive constant. The particle is released from rest at x=R at time 0. Find the velocity as a function of x as it...
Homework Statement
This is a problem from K & K, but I changed it very slightly.
A light plane weighing 2,500 lb makes an emergency landing on a short runway. With its engine off, it lands on the runway at 120 ft/s. A hook on the plane snags a cable attached to a 250 lb sandbag and drags...
Hey guys, here is the question :
A 5.4kg toboggan carrying 35kg of sand slides from rest down an icy 90m slope inclined
at 30◦ below the horizontal. The sand leaks from the back of the toboggan at a rate of
2.3kgs−1. How long does it take the toboggan to reach the bottom of the slope?
I...
Is Quantum Tunneling necessary to explain why The Sun keeps shining , due to it not being hot enough to provide the necessary energy for protons to collide?
Homework Statement
I'm doing past a past exam (2003) and I'm stuck on the first exercise. Here it is:
Consider a helix centered in the z-axis, of radius R and fixed step a, given in cylindrical coordinates by z=\frac{a\theta }{2 \pi }, r=R.
A particle of mass m slides without rolling over the...
Cheers everybody,
I've got a question about an equation in the famous paper "The Effect Of Retardation On The Interaction Of Two Electrons" by G. Breit. There on the first page, it is said, that a first guess for a two electron relativistic wave equation is made by constructing the...
What would be your go-to textbook for Classical Mechanics at the undergraduate level?
It must also cover the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation.
My school uses "Analytical Mechanics" by Fowles & Cassiday but I find it not very complete and doesn't cover all topics. I've also read parts...
Homework Statement
A simple harmonic oscillator with mass m = 1/2 and k = 2 is initially at the point
x = √3 when it is projected towards the origin with speed 2.
Find the equation of motion describing x(t).
Homework Equations
x=Asin(ωt+θ)
The Attempt at a Solution
At t=0...
Classical Mechanics: Finding force, equilibrium points, turning points...
Homework Statement
The potential energy between two atoms in a molecule is
U(x) = −1/x^6 +1/x^12
Assume that one of the atoms is very heavy and remains at the origin at rest, and the
other (m = 1) is much less...
Could someone demonstrate to me how in Landau's Mechanics book, he gets from equation (16.5)
tan θ = (v_0 sin θ_0) / (v_0 cos θ_0 + V)
to equation (16.6)
cos θ_0 = -(V/v_0) sin^2 θ ± cos θ √[1 - (V/v_0)^2 sin^2 θ]
I am using the quadratic formula, and the first term on the right...
Homework Statement
An Instrument carrying a projectile accidentally explodes at he top of its trajectory.The horizontal distance b/w the launch point and the point of explosion is L. The projectile breaks into 2 pieces which fly horizontally apart. The larger piece has three time the mass of...
Hi, I was wondering if someone could point me to a textbook or easy to read paper (or website) that briefly describes/proves the differences here. What I mean is if I do classical (continuous energies) statistical mechanics where my initial state is a volume (greater than or equal to h-bar)...
In quantum mechanics one can convert the wave function of one variable into the wave function of its conjugate pair (e.g., momentum and coordinate) using a Fourier transform.
Now consider the classical case. Suppose there is a particle in a potential well with insufficient energy to escape...
Homework Statement
I have a problem regarding to lagrangian.
If L is a Lagrangian for a system of n degrees of freedom satisfying Lagrange's equations, show by direct substitution that
L' = L + \frac{d F(q_1,...,q_n,t)}{d t}
also satisfies Lagrange's equations where F is any ARBITRARY BUT...
i learned that we have to consider quantum effects at low temperatures and classical effects at high temperatures but i do not the physics behind it
can anyone explain it for me?
thanks in advance :)
i need someone to explain me the aberration of light , i tried to read i from my book its a bit more complicated than i thought i mean when we move the microcope we make a tilt what do you mean by that?
all in all i didnt understand this concept and i need a really clear explanation especially...