When you put a convex and then concave lens in front of a light source, the light will be parallel but narrower than when it came in such as in a laser beam expander/compressor. Using a pen laser and a convex and concave lens, is it possible to focus the beam by putting a convex then a concave...
A simply-supported steel beam with a vertical point force P is shown in
Fig. 2(a). A cross-section of the beam, which is composed of two identical C-shaped
members bolted back-to-back, is shown in Fig. 2(b). Both C-shaped members have a
uniform thickness of 1 cm. Pairs of bolts are located at a...
A diagram of the physical situation is below:
Choosing the positive ##y## direction to be upwards and the positive direction of rotation to be counterclockwise, Newton's linear second law gives:
$$-m_D g + F_L + F_R = 0$$
where ##F_L## is the magnitude of the force exerted on the bar by the...
Not much to add since the question is fairly simple, but again I'm wondering if applying tension at the free end of a cantilever beam affects the deflection it would have if only itself weight is considered. Intuitively, tension should tend to straighten the beam, and if it does, how to...
Hi all,
I was looking for help with obtaining deflection at end of a cantilever beam with point load at end as well as point mass at the same location. I believe it would be exactly same. Is this correct? That is, I think just adding point mass at the cantilever's end wouldn't change the...
The size of light beam is same or different before and after refraction from a medium. If same then why we can not prove from mathematical expression. If not same why?
I want to split a fat laser beam and interfere it with itself, kind of like this:
The very obvious problem is that the wave peaks shown as black lines would be a whole lot closer together, so the interference fringes would be sub-microscopic. If a couple of glass wedges - oddly-shaped prisms...
So I'm reading up on this device and what I get is that in all electron guns once the electrons are emitted they would tend to repel one another so in order to make the beam focused instead of spread out across, one uses magnetic fields in the electron microscope,
So after the focused beam hits...
The equation above (from Wikipedia), assumed that the Gaussain beam has polarization in x-direction, as I know that the polarization means that the oscillation direction of the electric field and so the intenisty... so how we get circular intensity in every direction which means in x and y...
On the photo you can see:
Red 1: the edge is very sharp (as expected)
Red 2: the edge is very blurry (but why?)
Same for green.
You can also see (Red 2) that the blurry edge is yellow.
What is this effect called?
A lighthouse is located on a small island 16 km off-shore from the nearest point P on a straight shoreline. Its light makes 5 revolutions per minute. How fast is the light beam moving along the shoreline when it is shining on a point 3 km along the shoreline from P?
When I convert the steel beams to concrete, do I transform the several different beams into a single piece of concrete in order to do the calculations to find the second moment of area of the beam or do I transform each beam seperately into a concrete piece?
Intuitively, t seems reasonable to...
I am designing a machine at the moment, and I am struggling to get my head around impact forces. I have established that the force applied is mgh/d, but I am struggling to work out the value for d.
Taking it in isolation, assuming that the falling weight does not "give" in any significant way...
Have tried doing this question but I'm a bit confused on where I'm going wrong
This is what I have done but get a value that doesn't match to any of the options given above?
Any help would be really appreciated, Thanks!
M = r x F
r = 0
∴ M = 0
But this is clearly wrong. For some reason, the "reaction moment" must exist. Why? Where does it come from? More specifically, which force(s) produces the bending moment, and at what distance(s)? Does it come from the reaction force form the wall on the left end of the...
Hello, I am a senior undergrad doing research in quantum optics, and I am trying to work out at the moment the output state of sending a coherent state through one input port and a squeezed vacuum state through the other, just to see what happens tbh. The problem I have constantly been running...
My thinking so far is that if the two different input mode operators of a beam splitter commute, but I can't really give any good reasoning behind it.
I defined ##\hat{A} = \frac{i\pi}{4}\hat{a}_0^{\dagger}\hat{a}_1 ##
and
##\hat{C} = \frac{-i\pi}{4}\hat{a}_0\hat{a}_1^{\dagger} ##
and am...
Hello everyone, I am an undergraduate doing research in quantum optics, and my topic involves 50:50 beam splitters and studying entanglement for different input states. I came across a paper which I am using as a guide for now, but I wanted to derive a result they had and have been working on it...
A radiation-shielded go-pro camera was sent through an electron beam irradiator.
You can see the effects that the radiation has on the camera in the video.
I wonder how many rads it was exposed to.
I tried using r * f * sin theta and calculated this:
1.14 m * 9.80 m/s/s * 7.78 kg = 109.7 N*m
this was wrong; I needed three significant figures so I did 1.10E2 N*m which was also wrong.
Since the torque is due to gravity; would it be -1.10E2 N*m since it’s angle is -270° which is -1?
Hi All
I was wondering if there was a quick method of calculating the Second Moment Of Area about the Z axis shown below?
I can quickly work out the Second Moment Of Area about the Y axis but the Z axis is proving very difficult and time consuming as the parallel axis therom needs to be...
Hello all
I am trying to calculate the bending stress of a simply supported beam with a load of 12kn at the middle of a 6m span, member depth of 0.016m
I have drawn both the bending moment and shear force diagram.
I want to know the following:-
1) When calculating the bending stress would...
Can a Bernoulli or Timoshenko model be reasonable for a crane arm, on ships?
Yes, the arm might have a truss element, yes there is a hydraulic force to lift the arm (or cables).
But to some extent, can one model the crane arm as one of a simple beam (either Timoshenko or Bernoulli -- and...
Homework Statement:: Violin String Shape Functions
Homework Equations:: Violin String Shape Functions
Hello,
Is anyone working on violin string shape functions(Timoshenko Beam Theory)? It would be really helpful to my research if we share our knowledge on this topic.
Thank you
Summary:: Wave function of a laser beam before it hits the diffraction grating
So I'm reading "Foundations of Quantum Mechanics" by Travis Norsen. And I've just read Section 2.4 on diffraction and interference. And he derives a lovely formula for the wave function of a particle after it leaves...
Hello,
i am going to buy a laser and a telescope powerful enough to see the laser spot on the moon.
The lunar phase i choose for the experiment is New Moon, for obvious reasons.
When i move the laser, i should see the light spot move on the moon surface after about 2.5 seconds, due to the light...
In the process of trying to understand holography I encountered a detail that I kind of knew before, but just now I realized I have no idea how it works, how is it even possible. I’m talking about a simple pinhole camera where supposedly no matter how tiny a hole is a beam of light would still...
Hello I am reading some introductory laser cavity stuff and I am a bit confused about the existence of gaussian beams in the Fabry-Perot interferometer. If you solve the stability condition for a cavity (i.e. asking for the q parameter to reproduce itself after one round trip) you get that in...
I have been trying to work on this problem, but I keep getting the answer wrong. I would appreciate if someone could help me understand what I did wrong.
Below is my answer and solution:
hello
i hope everyone doing well,
I have problem in Stiffness Matrix For Beam element (2 nodes )
i have a beam element i want to get a stiffness matrix:
we have beam element (2 nodes)
node (1) : u1 horizontal displacement, v1 vertical displacement
node (2): u2 horizontal displacement , v2...
I know that shear stress in horizontal beams has a parabolic distribution, so that the max shear stress occurs at the neutral axis. I also understand that for a beam subject to a distributed load with supports at its ends, the magnitude of the shear force is highest at the left and right ends of...
I've drastically simplified the problem for the sake of discussion. The problem is that I end up with six equations and seven unknowns. Let ##R_{AX}## (and similar) be the reaction force at the A node in the rightward direction on the page, and ##R_{AY}## (and similar) be the reaction force at...
Hello
I would like some feedback about a problem. The idea is to calculate how much the angled bit of this beam moves things to account for are deflection and torsion. Did i miss anything?
Underlined with red are the displacements in millimeters.
In the picture the dotted line is the axis that...
I looked in Roark's Formulas and didn't find anything. Basically, I design parts that need to bend. Mostly plywood and plastic. Mostly cantilever beams. I like to taper the beams so that the stress along the beam is more uniform. The question I have is how much do I taper. With no taper, the...
Hello
Please see attached - trying to figure shear force and bending moment at reaction point R, with a horizontal force applied at top of Z. This is a veranda deck with balustrade.
If F was vertical, then straightforward with SF = F and M = FX. But when F is horizontal as shown, I'm having...
The hint says that "The cross-section of the underwater part of the beam could be represented as a superposition of a rectangle and two symmetrically positioned narrow triangles (one of them of negative mass)." How do I find the torques from gravity and buoyancy on these figures?
Hi all,
I just wanted to get some clarification on 'resultant moment' when calculated in 2D for a beam which is fixed at one end (point A), and has a load applied at the opposite end (point B). My interpretation of 'resultant moment' would be calculated as sum(M) = Ma + FL, where Ma is the...
Hello everybody!
Let's begin with the spin. Spin of the ##\Lambda## is ##1/2## and of the pion is ##0##:
$$ \frac{1}{2} \otimes 0 = \frac{1}{2}$$
Since I know from the homework statement that ##L=1##:
$$ \textbf{J} = \textbf{spin} \otimes \textbf{L} = \frac{1}{2} \otimes 1 = \frac{1}{2} \oplus...
In the center of mass frame of reference i found that ##p^{*}=\frac{[(M^{2}-m_{\nu}^{2}-m_{K}^{2})^{2}-4m_{\nu}^{2}m_{K}^{2})]^{1/2}}{2M}##.
I don't know how to find the momentum distribution ##p_{L}(\theta)## considering that i have 2 different mesons with a specific number ratio...
We can solve for the maximum 5 lux illumination distance with the above equation.
E = 10.76*(35,000/d^2)
d = 275 feet (approximately).
However, the 5 lux illumination distance is not 275 feet. The 35,000 cd value is not an axial intensity value. It is at a point that is slightly down and to...
In case of overhanging beam with point load at the end. For example: (here RA-reaction is negative)
The equation will be as follows (by double integration method): , as we can see the equation will not have Point load (10kN) term in it.
1) How the influence of the point load is accounted in...
If particle beam or laser beam weapon would be used to cut the electrical wires in high voltage transmission lines of the enemy. Could the current conducts into the particle beam (or laser beam) itself and can short circuit in the weapon platform? I know ionized air can conduct electricity...
Let's say we have a laser beam coming from a source called X, we would like to change its direction so that it would hit directly on the object that we have. What would be the possible solutions?
W14 x 30:
d = 13.84" = 0.352 m
w = 6.730" = 0.171 m
tw = 0.270 = 0.00686 m
tf = 0.385 = 0.00978 m
40' = 12.192 m
18" = 0.4572 m
ρ = 997 kg/m3
E = 1.4*109
Calculate Weight of water:
V = A*L = π*(0.4572)2/4 *12.192 = 2.0016m3
W = m*g = ρ*V*g = 997*2.0016*9.81 = 19.576kN uniformally distributed...
According to this link (https://lhc-machine-outreach.web.cern.ch/lhc-machine-outreach/collisions.htm) the LHC achieves a beam waist diameter of approximately 64 microns. What limits them from getting a tighter focal point? Are lower energy beams easier or harder to focus tightly?
Summary: Will an external surface reflect light into a more focused beam without using a traditional lens?
Hey guys.
Just trying to focus the light coming from a 1watt LED light source. It's native beam angle is 130 degrees. I'm hoping to focus it to around 30 degrees.
We are creating an...
The bracket shown in figure 1 is applied to both ends of a beam (figure 2) which experiences a single static load at its center. The bottom of both brackets are fixed by some method, so it can't deflect. According to Solidworks, the bracket survives with flying colors, but it bothers me that I...
What are the simplest, even if not very accurate, non-numerical ways (for example a variation of Euler-Bernoulli) for describing the deflection relative to a given load of a free-free beam with irregular shape (variable second moment of area and/or lumped masses distributed at some points)? In...
Hello
I have a problem with calculating the support reactions for a beam. Lefts side of beam has a pin connection so it takes both Fx,Fy. Right side of the beam has a horizontal roller and it takes only Fy in the direction of the wall. Therefore at the pin support Fy=9kN, but how do i figure out...