In functional analysis, a bounded linear operator is a linear transformation
L
:
X
→
Y
{\displaystyle L:X\to Y}
between topological vector spaces (TVSs)
X
{\displaystyle X}
and
Y
{\displaystyle Y}
that maps bounded subsets of
X
{\displaystyle X}
to bounded subsets of
Y
.
{\displaystyle Y.}
If
X
{\displaystyle X}
and
Y
{\displaystyle Y}
are normed vector spaces (a special type of TVS), then
L
{\displaystyle L}
is bounded if and only if there exists some
M
>
0
{\displaystyle M>0}
such that for all
x
{\displaystyle x}
in
X
,
{\displaystyle X,}
The smallest such
M
,
{\displaystyle M,}
denoted by
‖
L
‖
,
{\displaystyle \|L\|,}
is called the operator norm of
L
.
{\displaystyle L.}
A linear operator that is sequentially continuous or continuous is a bounded operator and moreover, a linear operator between normed spaces is bounded if and only if it is continuous.
However, a bounded linear operator between more general topological vector spaces is not necessarily continuous.
Hi everyone, :)
Here's a question with my answer, but I just want to confirm whether this is correct. The answer seems so obvious that I just thought that maybe this is not what the question asks for. Anyway, hope you can give some ideas on this one.
Problem:
Let \(X\) be a finite...
Find the area bounded by the curve x = 16 - y^4 and the y axis.
I need someone to check my work.
so I know this is a upside down parabola so I find the two x coordinates which are
16 - y^4 = 0
y^4 = 16
y^2 = +- \sqrt{4}
y = +- 2
so I know
\int^2_{-2} 16 - y^4 dy
Take antiderivative
16y -...
Hi, I want to answer the following question:
x=x(t) is continuous on [0,T) and satisfies
1 ≤ x(t) ≤ C_{1} + C_{2}∫^{t}_{0} x(s)(1+logx(s)) ds
for 0 ≤ t < T. Prove x(t) is bounded on [0,T].Using Gronwall's inequality I get to
x(t) ≤ C_{1}exp( C_{2} ∫^{t}_{0} (1+logx(s)) ds )
≤ C_{1}exp(...
Let (T_{n}) be a sequence in {B(l_2} given by
T_{n}(x)=(2^{-1}x_{1},...,2^{-n}x_{n},0,0,...). Show that T_{n}->T given by
T(x)==(2^{-1}x_{1},2^{-2}x_{2},0,0,...).
I get a sequence of geometric series as my answer for the norm, but not sure whether that's correct.
was looking at a proof of this here: http://gyazo.com/8e35dc1a651cec5948db1ab14df491f8
I have two questions,
why do you set K = max of all the terms of the sequence plus the 1 + |A| term? Why do you need the absolute value of all the terms? i.e. why |a_1| instead of |a_1|?
Homework Statement
Suppose ##\phi(x)## is a function with a continuous derivative on ##0\leq x<\infty## such that ##\phi'(x)+2\phi(x)\leq 1## for all such ##x## and ##\phi(0)=0##. Show that ##\phi(x)<\frac{1}{2}## for ##x\geq 0##.
The Attempt at a Solution
I tried to solve this like I...
Let C_b^\infty(\mathbb{R}^n) be the space of infinitely differentiable functions f, such that f and all its partial derivatives are bounded.
Is C_b^\infty(\mathbb{R}^n) dense in L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)? I think the answer is yes, because C_b^\infty(\mathbb{R}^n) contains C_0^\infty(\mathbb{R}^n), the...
Homework Statement
2.11. Determine (explicitly) a convergent subsequence of the sequence in R2 given for n =
1; 2; : : : by
xn =(e^{n}sin(n\pi/7),((4n+3/3n+4)cos(n\pi/3))
I know that the Bolzano-weierstrass theorem says that every bounded sequence has a convergent subsequence. I...
Problem:
Use an appropraite parametrization x=f(r,\theta), y=g(r,\theta) and the corresponding Jacobian such that dx \ dy \ =|J| dr \ d\theta to find the area bounded by the curve x^{2/5}+y^{2/5}=a^{2/5}
Attempt at a Solution:
I'm not really sure how to find the parametrization. Once I...
Assume that a function f:[a,b]\to\mathbb{R} is differentiable in all points of its domain, and that the derivative f':[a,b]\to\mathbb{R} is bounded. Is the derivative necessarily Riemann integrable?
This what I know:
Fact 1: Assume that a function is differentiable at all points of its domain...
Homework Statement
Set up the integral (but do not solve) for the volume of the object created by rotating the region bounded by y = arctan(x) and y = arcsin(x) in the first quadrant.
Homework Equations
I = ∏∫(f(x)^2 - g(x)^2) dx
The Attempt at a Solution
a.) rotate about he x...
The following is a problem statement.
locally bounded (or locally (weakly) compact) differential operators of the Schwartz space of smooth functions on a sigma-compact manifold
I realize this is very abstract. I expect the solution to be just as abstract.
Thanks in advance.
How exactly might one go about showing that
\left| \frac{1 - e^{-iy}}{-iy} \right|
is bounded by 1 for y\in \mathbb R? I thought this would be easy to show using the series expansion of e^{-iy} in some way:
\left| \frac{1 - e^{-iy}}{-iy} \right| = \left| 1 - \frac{iy}{2} -...
Proof on Linear 1st Order IVP solution being "bounded"
A function h(t) is called "bounded" for t≥t0 if there is a constant M>0 such that
|h(t)|≤M for all t≥0
The constant M is called a bound for h(t). Consider the IVP
x'=-x+q(t), x(0)=x0
where the nonhomogeneous term q(t) is bounded...
Homework Statement
The question is "Use double integration to find the volume of the solid bounded by the cylinder x2+y2=9 and the planes z=1 and x+z=5"
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
I tried to draw the curves and the solid that i formed is a cylinder with a...
I need to solve an integral equation of the form
$$\forall \omega \in [0,1], ~ \int_{\mathbb{R}} K(\omega,y)f(y)dy = \omega$$
where
- f is known and positive with $$\int_{\mathbb{R}} f(y)dy = 1$$
- K: [0,1] x R -> [0,1] is the unknown kernel
I am looking for a solution other than...
I will do my best to describe the problem I am working on. The problem is not from a textbook or anything but something I am working on independently to strengthen my first year calculus knowledge.
What I did is I took sin(x) and -sin(x) and graphed them together. Sin(x) and -sin(x)...
Homework Statement
Find the centroid of the region bounded by the graphs of y = sqrt (x) and y = (1/2) * x
Homework Equations
A = [f(x)-g(x)]dx
from point a -> b
The Attempt at a Solution
x = [0,4] ; p(0,0) and p(4,2)
I am just checking on if I did the integral correctly.
A...
Homework Statement
a<b<c and, f is bounded on [a,b] and f is bounded on [b,c] prove that f is bounded on [a,c]
The Attempt at a Solution
there exist M1≥0 s.t. for all x ε [a,b] |f(x)|≤M1
there exist M2≥0 s.t. for all x ε [b,c] |f(x)|≤M2
for x ε [a,b] and x ε [b,c]
Let M>0...
1. Homework Statement
Let A and B be nonempty bounded subsets of \mathbb{R}, and let A + B be the set of all sums a + b where a ∈ A and b ∈ B.
(a) Prove sup(A+B) = supA+supB .Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
Let Set A=(a_1,...,a_t: a_1<...a_i<a_t) and let set B=(b_1,...,b_s...
Homework Statement
Sketch the region R bounded by the curves y = x, x = 2 - y^2 and y = 0.
This is the initial part of an integral problem and I'm just curious about the method here.
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
So, would it be proper to take the x = 2 - y^2...
Homework Statement
Find the area bounded by the curves, y= √x, y= (5-x)/4, and y= (3x-8)/2
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
I found the intersection between each of the three curves to each other. Not sure what exactly the area bounded is. Is it the small triangular area...
Homework Statement
Let (X,d) be any metric space. Fix a in X and for each x in X define fx:X→ℝ by:
fx(z)=d(z,x)-d(z,a) for all z in X.
Show that fx(z) is bounded and continuous.
The Attempt at a Solution
I can't figure out how to tell if it is bounded. Any hints? I'm sure...
Hello MHB,
I got stuck on an old exam
determine the area of the finite region bounded by the curves y^2=1-x and y=x+1 the integration becomes more easy if we change it to x so let's do it
x=1-y^2 and x=y-1
to calculate the limits we equal them
y-1=1-y^2 <=> x_1=-2 \ x_2=1
so we take the right...
Homework Statement
Find the error in this proof and give an example in (ℝ,de) to illustrate where this proof breaks down.
Proof that every totally bounded set in a metric space is bounded.
The set S is totally bounded and can therefore be covered by finitely many balls of radius 1, say N...
A little explanation here. My professor assigned a homework question without attempting the problem herself. When we were assigned this problem, we were forbidden to use the notion of a Taylor series in our proof (at least not without proving Taylor's Theorem on our own) as we had not covered...
Homework Statement
The question : http://gyazo.com/7eb4b86c61150e4af092b9f8afeaf169
Homework Equations
Sup/Inf axioms
Methods of constructing sequences
##ε-N##
##lim(a_n) ≤ sup_n a_n## from question 5 right before it.
I'll split the question into two parts.
The Attempt at a...
Homework Statement
The problem : http://gyazo.com/aa487398b3658600b98deabca8086334
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
Let A be a nonempty subset of reals which is bounded above.
##("\Rightarrow")## Assume ##sup(A)## exists, call it s.
Since s exists, we know ##a...
Here is the question:
Here is a link to the question:
Quick Calculus 1 question!? - Yahoo! Answers
I have posted a link there to this topic so the OP can find my response.
Consider the functional Tf = f(5) - i f(7). If we take the domain T to be C_0(ℝ) with supremum norm, is T a bounded linear functional?
What if we take the domain to be C_c(ℝ) with L^2 norm || . ||_2?I know I should post what I have so far but this time I have no idea because I had to missed 2...
Homework Statement
Consider the region bounded by the curves y= lnx and y=( x-3)^2
Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region about the y-axis
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
For this I solve for the x so i got x= e^y and x= (y)^(1/2) +3...
Find the area bound by the curve y = x^3 - 2x^2 - 5x + 6, the x-axis and the lines x = -1 and x = 2. The answer is 157/12.
The curve cuts the x-axis at x = -2, 1 and 3. I've shown my general idea on the attachment. I didn't end up with the correct answer so could somebody explain to me where...
Homework Statement
Determine if the sequence is Monotonic and Bounded.
Homework Equations
an = 2 - (3/n)
The Attempt at a Solution
Depending on the domain: Ex: a1, a2, a3 ... n=1 ; n=2 it would be bounded by [1,2]
however, if we have negative n values and values as fractions we...
Homework Statement
Prove that if f is uniformly continuous on a bounded set S, then f is a bounded function on S.Homework Equations
Uniform continuity: For all e>0, there exist d>0 s.t for all x,y in S |x-y| implies |f(x)-f(y)|
The Attempt at a Solution
Every time my book has covered a...
Here is the question:
Here is a link to the question:
Find the area between those curves: x=y^2, and x=4-y^2? - Yahoo! Answers
I have posted a link there to this topic so the OP can find my response.
Homework Statement
y=x^2 y=1
Find the volume of the bounded region using an equilateral triangle cross section
Homework Equations
c^2=a^2+b^2
The Attempt at a Solution
I'm will solve it with respect to x 1st.
2∫((1-x^2)h)/2 dx from 0 to 1
base=2(1-x^2)
(2-2x^2)^2=(1-x^2)^2+h^2
4-8 x^2+4...
So I ran into a question;
Show that there is no metric on S^2 having curvature bounded above by 0 and no metric on surface of genus g which is bounded below by 0.
honestly I have no idea what is going on here. I know that a Genus is the number of holes in some manifold or the number of...
(Hey guys and gals!)
Homework Statement
Given a bounded set x_n and for any y_n the following condition holds:
\limsup_{n \rightarrow ∞}(x_n+y_n) = \limsup(x_n)+\limsup(y_n)
Show that x_n converges.
Homework Equations
Definition of limsup(x_n) = L:
\forall \epsilon > 0 \mid...
Homework Statement
Find the values of m for y = mx that enclose a region with y = \frac{x}{x^2 + 1} and find the area of this bounded region.
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
So I set the two functions equal to each other to solve for x in terms of m:
mx = \frac{x}{x^{2}...
Homework Statement
find the center of mass of a thin plate with constant density in the given region.
region bounded by y-axis, x=y-y^3 ; 0<=y<=1Homework Equations
x(bar) = (integral)(a to b) α(x) * x * (f(x) - g(x))
----------------------------------
(integral)(a to...
Homework Statement
Suppose c_{n} > 0 for each n\geq 0. Prove that if \sum ^{\infty}_{n=0} c_{n} is Cesaro summable, then the partial sums S_{N} are bounded.
Homework Equations
--
The Attempt at a Solution
I tried contraposition; that was getting me nowhere. I have a few...
Homework Statement
Find the volume of the solid generated by rotating the region bounded by the x-axis, the curve y=3x^4, and the lines x=1 and x= -1. The axis of rotation is the y-axis.
Homework Equations
Washers method: V=∏∫ [(R)^2 - (r)^2]dr
x = (y/3)^(1/4)
The Attempt at a...
Homework Statement
Let X be a metric space and let E be a subset of X. Show that E is bounded if and only if there exists M>0 s.t. for all p,q in E, we have d(p,q)<M.
Homework Equations
Use the definition of bounded which states that a subset E of a metric space X is bounded if there exists...
Is something wrong in my assertions below?
Suppose we have two quantum systems N and X. Let N is described by discrete observable \hat{n} (bounded s.a. operator with discrete infinite spectrum) with eigenvectors |n\rangle. Let X is described by continuous observable \hat{x} (unbounded s.a...
Homework Statement
Find the area bounded by the cardioid x^2 + y^2 = (x^2+y^2)^{1/2} - y
Homework Equations
Area of R = \int \int_R dxdy = \int \int_{R'} |J| dudv
J Is the Jacobian.
The Attempt at a Solution
Switching to polars, x=rcosθ and y=rsinθ our region becomes r^2 = r(1-sinθ) → r =...
a) find the volume of the region enclosed by
z = 1 - y^2 and z = y^2 -1 for x greater or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 2.
b) would i split up the volume into two integrals, each integral for each z function and then add them together? I also don't know how to find the bounds...
Homework Statement
I'm having some difficulty deriving the equation for a concentration of CO2 as a function of length and time. Ultimately I end up with an equation that includes the summation of two error function terms that appear to have incorrect signs.
Given:
A cylinder of...