A calculation is a deliberate process that transforms one or more inputs into one or more results. The term is used in a variety of senses, from the very definite arithmetical calculation of using an algorithm, to the vague heuristics of calculating a strategy in a competition, or calculating the chance of a successful relationship between two people.
For example, multiplying 7 by 6 is a simple algorithmic calculation. Estimating the fair price for financial instruments using the Black–Scholes model is a more complex algorithmic calculation.
Statistical estimations of the likely election results from opinion polls also involve algorithmic calculations, but produces ranges of possibilities rather than exact answers.
To calculate means to determine mathematically in the case of a number or amount, or in the case of an abstract problem to deduce the answer using logic, reason or common sense. The English word derives from the Latin calculus, which originally meant a small stone in the gall-bladder (from Latin calx). It also meant a pebble used for calculating, or a small stone used as a counter in an abacus (Latin abacus, Greek abax). The abacus was an instrument used by Greeks and Romans for arithmetic calculations, preceding the slide-rule and the electronic calculator, and consisted of perforated pebbles sliding on iron bars.
Newtons Universal law of gravity equations are an excellent approximation when dealing with low velocities (i.e., velocities whose magnitude is much smaller than the speed of light) and when dealing with weak gravity fields (such as those found on Earth or around low-mass stars). The...
Homework Statement
Suppose you flip 1000 coins, what is the probability of flipping exactly 500 heads and 500 tails. (Hint: First write down the formula for the total number of possible outcomes. Then, to determine the "multiplicity" of the 500-500 macro state, use stirlings...
Please help look at this picture and give me the answer please: are those right or not? In general look, when we can change the order between integral and differential...
Newton showed that if gravity at a distance R was proportional to 1/R2, then indeed the acceleration g measured at the Earth's surface would correctly predict the orbital period T of the Moon. (Remember Earths gravity causes the moon to orbit the Earth.) We can find the answer using MKS system...
Hi,
Are there any rules against multiplying or adding first when using modulo #?
The reason I ask is because I'm doing the dot product for two vectors:
[10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1].[8, 0 ,3 ,7, 0, 9, 9, 0, 2, 6]
By doing this, I get:
80 + 0 + 24 + 49 + 0 + 45 + 36+ 0 + 4 + 6 =...
Homework Statement
Using the normalization condition, find the constants λ and a of:
f(t)=ae^(-λt)
Homework Equations
integrate from t=-∞ to t=∞
of the function and set it equal to one
The Attempt at a Solution
I used to be good at these but something is slipping my...
This is from a physics course, but felt more appropriate to post here.
I just want some sanity checking on my procedure, since I'm not this far in my calculus course yet but am having to work through it anyway for physics.
I have no idea how to approach part c, not even an inkling of where...
Hi, I am trying to understand how one determines the natural linewidth. On my assignment, I am only given an energy (589.1 nm transition in sodium). I have two sources that I have found that seem to contradict each other:
Source 1: Slides 5 and 6
Source 2: Hyperphysics
If I plug in...
Need to know about coefficient of friction for my exam.
http://easycalculation.com/physics/classical-physics/friction-table.php
This site shows coefficient of friction of various materials to materials. But no calculations are given.
Can somebody help me on how to calculate the...
I am planning to use the Panasonic NCR-18650 cylindrical cells for a BEV (Battery Electrical Vehicle). As it would be easier to buy ready-made modules, I have found a supplier selling a Li-ion pack that delivers 417 Wh(or in other words 11.6 Ah) at 36 V (something like what this guy uses...
I know that for a given signal, the sampling frequency Fs must be twice or more than maximum frequency of the signal Fm. It is easy to understand the concept for a 1D signal. But I don't know how to calculate sampling frequency or Nyquist rate for a 2D image.
Also what is effect of...
Homework Statement
Hello all, I'll try to keep this as short as possible! :) I won't include the particular values we were given, just so I still have to do something for this part. It shouldn't matter too much, I believe.
My team and I are acting "car crash investigators" for the purpose...
Homework Statement
Add the following:
(2.526/3.1) + (0.470/0.623) + (80.705/0.4326)
2. The attempt at a solution
= (2.526/3.1) + (0.470/0.623) + (80.705/0.4326)
= (0.81) + (0.754) + (186.6)
= 188.2
I have calculated the answer (using sig figs) to be 188.2, however, the answer...
Hi, I'm trying to figure out how to compute probability related to a problem I am tackling for work, and I think I have a handle on how to do it with smaller numbers, but no idea how to approach it for larger numbers. (And I need to explain the answers to a judge in simple terms). So here is...
Homework Statement
Hi guys,
I just wanted to verify my calculation of a reynolds number of a wind turbine. I understand that the reynolds number will vary in a spanwise direction along the blade due to changes in the characteristic length(chord width) and velocity(due to the tip speed...
Hi guys,
I just wanted to verify my calculation of a reynolds number of a wind turbine. I understand that the reynolds number will vary in a spanwise direction along the blade due to changes in the characteristic length(chord width) and velocity(due to the tip speed ratio). As a way to...
Hello All !
Above is the title of the topic and am looking for inputs. Right now I am working on this as my thesis. And I am looking for some one how have already worked in the similar field for a better guidance for me. Thank you in advance.
Regards,
Homework Statement
Under appropriate conditions, the reaction of elemental phosphorus and elemental sulfur produces the compound P4S10. How much P4S10 can be prepared starting with 10.0 g of P4 and 30.0 g of S8?
Answer 35.9g
2. Step Sources
I'm following the steps from
"General...
Folks,
It's been a while since I've done calculations like this so I was wondering if someone can help me calculate the volume of a gas at a specific temperature as compared to its liquid volume when measured below its boiling point. I can't seem to find a phase diagram for this material, is...
I've got a problem asking for the reflection coefficient of a system consisting of a ideal conductor covered with a thin layer of lossless dielectric. I just don't know what to do.How can I do it?
Thanks
my instructor has everything in percentages not points. the final was 20% of the overall grade. up until the final (80% of the course) i had a 92%. and i received an 88% on the final exam. so what i did was 0.8*92=73.6 and then i did 0.2*88=17.6. i then added the two and i got 91.something. did...
Folks, I'm new to this thread. I'm a mechanical engineer, but I haven't done much fluids work since I graduated, 20 years ago. I have a question about calculating gas flow rate, so any help would be greatly appreciated. I have a design that I'm working on that will use a compressed gas...
Hello.
This is a power flow calculation of the generator node. I tried calculating several times but I still do not get the same values as this one. This one is the answer, by the way. Can someone explain to me why I got a different answer?
I got...
Hello.
This is a power flow calculation of the generator node. I tried calculating several times but I still do not get the same values as this one. This one is the answer, by the way. Can someone explain to me why I got a different answer?
I got...
Calculate the Reynolds number at a location χ= 0.3m along the chord length of an aircraft wing at each of the following velocities;u= 20,40,60,80 and 100 knots. Assume International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) conditions for pressure and temperature. Take; R =287 J/KG;μ= 18 X10 -6 Kg/m s; 1 knot =...
Glad it's Friday? I will be if you can help me with this :D :
I'm trying to understand an equation about calculating the power extracted by the blades of a wind turbine. I have spent a couple of hours going over it but still not making much more sense.
I'm trying to find out why P =...
Hi,
I am an orthopedic surgeon. Many of our long bones are anatomically curved. When they fracture they sometimes heal in a none perfect/anatomic position.
How do one calculate the angle/curve or changed angle/curve of a fractured bone healed or fixed none anatomically
Please see my drawn...
Hi.
Is there a short way to calculate real integration? I tried it but it looks so tedious. I attached the question so please refer to that. I am stuck with no.1, by the way.
Here is my attempt:
∫_0^(2π) dx/(13 - 5*sin(x))
let u = tan(x/2) which means x/2 = arctan(u) which means x =...
Hello,
Been a while since I posted on here, nice to be back :) .
I just want some pointers as to the methodology for an impact load case that I'm looking at. I've attached a very basic sketch of a trolley which is traveling at a known velocity and impacts a rigid structure at it's base.
What...
As part of a physics calculation, I have the following integral $$\int d \bar x a^{\sigma} \left[-\partial_{\mu}\left(\frac{\delta x^{\nu}}{\delta a^{\sigma}}\right) (\partial_{\nu}\Phi )\frac{\partial L}{\partial (\partial_{\mu}\Phi)} + \partial_{\mu}\left(\frac{\delta x^{\mu}}{\delta...
Homework Statement
If A is a time dependent vector, calculate
[itex] \int_{t1}^{t2} dtA(t) \times \frac{d^2A}{dt^2} [\itex]
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
I think we should somehow relate it with something's derivative.
\int_{t1}^{t2}A(t)\frac{d^2A(t)}{dt^2}dt=...
Hello all,
I have been working on an NPT monte carlo simulation. I would like to know how I can measure the instantaneous pressure of the system at each monte carlo step?
Hi, there. The following is copied from a book " atom-photon interaction " by Prof. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Page 415.
I do not understand it at all. I do know some thing about the coherent state.
such as
##a |\alpha\rangle = \alpha |\alpha\rangle##
and
##|\alpha\rangle =...
Using the Hall-Petch relation, estimate the yield strength, σy, of a Cu-Zn alloy (brass) when the average grain diameter is 30 μm.
where:
σy = is the yield strength
σ0 = 25 MPa is the internal friction stress
ky = 12.5 MPa·mm1/2 is a material constant
d = is the average grain size...
Hello, I'm attempting to calculate the magnetic field \mathbf{B} outside of a coil with current density, \mathbf{J}, and whose volume is a section of a sphere. Here is a diagram of the cross-section of the coil:
(The wire ridges are aesthetic and aren't considered in the calculations - I'm...
I am designing a brake system for big reel that weighs about 2500lb, spinning down on a truck that is moving at 15mph, the shaft is 2.5inch in diameter. It is rotating at 53RPM and it comes to a stop at about 45 seconds.
How do i start performing calculations and the design parameters...
I have with me an existing Agitator details of which are as below
Motor= 2.2KW/ 3 HP, 1440 Rpm
Gear Reducer = ratio 40/1
Agitator Shaft RPM= 36
Agitator Shaft dimension
Length = 2500mm round bar , SS 304
Blades = 5 nos, 100 mm wide, 5 mm thick, dia = 2200 mm, at a distance of 400mm...
1. Calculate the emf induced in ONE side of a coil of length 0.4m and width 0.3m, when there are 50 turns in the coil and the flux density is 96.8 mT, and the coil is rotated 30 degrees from the vertical. Frequency is 50 Hz and the long sides are the ones facing the magnets.
Hello all,
As part of a research project, I am trying to calculate the amount of water/dry ice I would need to put in a cylindrical pressure vessel to obtain an internal pressure of ~100 psi at 200C (from room temperature, ~23C).
I haven't had to do a calculation like this in awhile, but...
Homework Statement
Suppose we have a container divided into equal halves. Right half is fixed at temperature ##T##, volume ##V_2##.
Initially it has pressure ##P_0##, a hole of area ##A## is opened between them.
Part (a): Show that the pressure in the right half is:
p =...
Hey y'all.
I am working on a real application to the common textbook problem: fluid through a pipe with constant temperature wall. Find mean temperature profile of the fluid.
In the textbook version, we assume the fluid is cold and it enters the hot walled region suddenly. We might also...
Hello i need to know what should i do,
Consider i have a box, top half and bottom half. so now i have to hold the top half and bottom half together with the rubber band then how do i know what rubber band will be enough to exert force so that both parts of box are hold together.
also i...
Homework Statement
A very big iron plate with the thickness 2h have, far from the plates edges, had a hole with the radius a drilled through it. With respect to the holes axis of symmetry the plate has a magnetization
\bar{M} = M_0 \frac{a}{s} \hat{s}
where s is the distance from the axis of...
Homework Statement
2 1.2m nonconducting wires meet at a right angle. One segment carries +2.5*10-6 C of charge distributed uniformly along its length, and the other carries -2.5*10-6 C distributed uniformly along it. Find the magnitude and direction of the electric field these wires produce at...
Dear everybody here,
Here is a problem to solve, from shigley handbook for Machine design, it's about Journal bearing design for the shown shaft in the attachment, i know how to design the journal bearing, but i am a little bit confused about how to get the reaction forces at the two points A...
For part a I have (H0-ω\hbarm)|nlm>, which I think the (H0-ω\hbarm) part is the eigenvalue of the Hamiltonian, also is the energies?
And mainly, I am not sure how to approach part b, the time variable is not in any of the states. I saw this in our lecture notes: ψ(r,t)=∑Cnψn(r) e-iEnt/\hbar...