Car Definition and 999 Threads

A car (or automobile) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation. Most definitions of cars say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people rather than goods.Cars came into global use during the 20th century, and developed economies depend on them. The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the modern car when German inventor Karl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Cars became widely available in the early 20th century. One of the first cars accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. Cars were rapidly adopted in the US, where they replaced animal-drawn carriages and carts, but took much longer to be accepted in Western Europe and other parts of the world.Cars have controls for driving, parking, passenger comfort, and a variety of lights. Over the decades, additional features and controls have been added to vehicles, making them progressively more complex, but also more reliable and easier to operate. These include rear-reversing cameras, air conditioning, navigation systems, and in-car entertainment. Most cars in use in the early 2020s are propelled by an internal combustion engine, fueled by the combustion of fossil fuels. Electric cars, which were invented early in the history of the car, became commercially available in the 2000s and are predicted to cost less to buy than gasoline cars before 2025. The transition from fossil fuels to electric cars features prominently in most climate change mitigation scenarios, such as Project Drawdown's 100 actionable solutions for climate change.There are costs and benefits to car use. The costs to the individual include acquiring the vehicle, interest payments (if the car is financed), repairs and maintenance, fuel, depreciation, driving time, parking fees, taxes, and insurance. The costs to society include maintaining roads, land use, road congestion, air pollution, public health, healthcare, and disposing of the vehicle at the end of its life. Traffic collisions are the largest cause of injury-related deaths worldwide.Personal benefits include on-demand transportation, mobility, independence, and convenience. Societal benefits include economic benefits, such as job and wealth creation from the automotive industry, transportation provision, societal well-being from leisure and travel opportunities, and revenue generation from taxes. People's ability to move flexibly from place to place has far-reaching implications for the nature of societies. There are around 1 billion cars in use worldwide. Car usage is increasing rapidly, especially in China, India and other newly industrialized countries.

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  1. Jeff555

    A stunt car is driven along a flat train car. The stunt car

    A stunt car is driven along a flat train car. The stunt car is moving toward the engine of the train. How would you calculate the velocity of the stunt car relative to earth? Im in physics 11 and we are almost done our velocity chapter and this question was on our review.
  2. M

    Understanding the Role of Friction in Car Wheels Turning

    When a car moves forward, the wheel turns it exerts a force on the road in the opposite direction of travel, and friction counter acts it. the wheel turns and the car moves forward This implies that friction on the wheel is acting in the direction of the car moving. Though I thought that...
  3. R

    Draw vectors for a car being dragged along a ramp

    Homework Statement A 1070-kg car is held in place by a light cable on a very smooth (frictionless) ramp, as shown in the figure(Figure 1) . The cable makes an angle of 31.0 ∘above the surface of the ramp, and the ramp itself rises at 25.0 ∘ above the horizontal. [/B] http://imgur.com/gkOQuRq...
  4. S

    Maximum acceleration of 1500 kg car on concrete surface?

    Homework Statement Two-thirds of the weight of a 1500 kg car rests on the drive wheels. What is the maximum acceleration of this car on a concrete surface? μs = 1 Homework Equations F = ma[/B]The Attempt at a Solution The answer I got is 6.53 m/s^2 , but I want to make sure the answer is...
  5. spareine

    Why is the birefringence pattern in a car colorless?

    When looking through polarizing glasses at the rear window of a car (tempered glass), a black and white pattern appears. Supposedly, this is the same kind of birefringence that causes colored fringes in a plastic sheet, seen through a polarizer. It is clear that retardation and interference in...
  6. B

    Finding friction coefficient, car unbanked curve.

    Homework Statement What is the minimum coefficient of friction needed between the tires and the ground so you make the turn safely?[/B] Car= 1394.7kg You=75kg Radius of turn = 40m Velocity = 20m/s Homework Equations Fnet = MAc (Ac = centripetal Acceleration) = Force of friction Force of...
  7. M

    The final answer to the car battery on a concrete floor (ruins the floor)

    People keep asking about setting a car battery on a concrete floor somehow ruining the battery. Here is the final answer on the subject. I have the 1930s Popular Science with the original tip in it (but don't ask me which issue). The auto tip was: "Leaving a car battery on a concrete floor...
  8. W

    Car accelerated by repulsion of two point charges

    At the outset, I want to explain that this is a problem I came up with myself. It's not actually homework, and I suspect it is deeply conceptually flawed in some manner that I have yet to determine. 1. Two point charges of like polarity, ## q_1 = q_2 = 1C ##, start out separated by distance ##...
  9. RyanH42

    Pigeon two car and a Motion Question

    Homework Statement Theres a pic of the question Homework Equations Simple motion equations The Attempt at a Solution I didnt understand what the pigeon is doing in the question ?
  10. H

    How Does Weight Affect Speed of a Soap Box Car?

    Homework Statement I was wondering about how the placement of weight affects Soap Box Cars. I have been racing them for 5 years now, and I cannot find any information. I was wondering if there was a formula to find the relationship between speed and weight, and how to solve it. For instance, if...
  11. B

    What is the acceleration of a car at constant speed?

    If a car is traveling at a constant speed of say, 60MPH, is the acceleration of the car 0, or is it equal to the drag and rolling resistance it's facing?
  12. amorphos_b

    Automotive How can we improve helicopter technology with a new flying car design?

    My idea for a flying car...The image below shows my idea for what i call a flyer [flying car/vehicle]. The basic principle is to utilise lift instead of thrust momentum as the means of take-off and flight. This means it won't blow air everywhere and doesn't have dangerous blades [also has safety...
  13. B

    Inelastic car collision, answers aren't matching up

    Homework Statement Car A, having a mass of 1.30 x 10+3kg is traveling at 60.0 km/h due east when it collides with car B, having a mass of mass 1.70 x 10+3kg traveling at 40.0 km/h due west. If the collision is totally inelastic, find the final velocity of car B. .Homework Equations I'm using...
  14. C

    Automotive Could cars have a better fuel economy at low speeds?

    The part that I roughly understand: 1) Drag equation, drag increases by square of velocity, thus if it was only factor to be taken into account then the lower speed the better. 2) In case of cargo ships there is a policy of decreasing speed to reduce fuel usage, called "slow steaming". It...
  15. U

    Motorcycle Police Officer Chasing Car

    This is a practice problem very similar to my homework question just with different values. 1. Homework Statement A motorcycle officer hidden at an intersection observes a car driven by an oblivious driver who ignores a stop sign and continues through the intersection at constant speed. The...
  16. D

    How Far Will a Car Travel Before Stopping Without ABS at 115.2 km/h?

    Homework Statement While traveling on the highway with your 1000kg car, at 115.2 km/h, where you’re ABS (automatic braking system) is disabled. This means braking is relying solely on the friction of your tires with the road when they stop spinning. A dear jumps into the road 50 meters in...
  17. R

    How Fast Was the Car Going Before Braking?

    Homework Statement A car comes to a stop in 7.5 meters while braking at a rate of 2.0m/s each second. A) What was the initial speed of the car? B) What is the speed of the car after 0.5 seconds? Homework Equations Final velocity = Initial velocity + acceleration*time The Attempt at a Solution...
  18. B

    Newtons Laws car deacceleration

    Homework Statement A 1900 kg car moves along a horizontal road at speed v0 = 23.6 m/s. The road is wet, so the static friction coefficient between the tires and the road is only μs = 0.218 and the kinetic friction coefficient is even lower, μk = 0.1526. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2...
  19. E

    Automotive How does the throttle affect the RPM of an engine?

    Hello, I'm working on a car simulation and I'm attempting to implement a manual transmission simulation into the game. My question is, how do you find the rate of change of the engine's RPM when the gas pedal is pressed in the car?
  20. I

    Safe in a car if hit by lighting....NOT b/c of rubber tires?

    So I just learned Gausse's Law and it makes me think: People always say you're safe in a car if it get struck by lighting because of the rubber tires (odd, because tired are like 90%carbon) but isn't it also because a car is a Gaussian sphere? The interior is insulated, sort of, right? If this...
  21. G

    Which Model is Best for Studying Vehicle Dynamics and Safety Algorithms?

    Hi everyone, I want to build a car-model which should be good enough to study under-steer/over-steer and test various safety algorithms like ABS, TCS, ESP. Initially I made a quarter car model, here I could implement simple ABS,TCS. Quarter car model supports only longitudinal dynamics and is...
  22. M

    What sparked your passion for engineering?

    Hi, I'm new to PF, and I just figured I'd explain myself. I'm a High School freshman, and I love engineering. I love robotics, aerodynamics, astronomy, astrophysics, and computers. My favorite scientist is Neil DeGrasse Tyson. (I've read all his papers). My two biggest hobbies are computers and...
  23. J

    Mechanics Question -- Ball bearing on top of an accelerating car

    Homework Statement A ball bearing rests on a ramp fixed to the top of a car which is accelerating horizontally. The position of the ball bearing relative to the ramp is used as a measure of the acceleration of the car. Show that if the acceleration is to be proportional to the horizontal...
  24. J

    Kinematics car acceleration question

    Homework Statement For part c ii) of this question, the new distance is now 1/4 of the previous distance as both acceleration are the same. But why are both the acceleration the same? Homework Equations v^2= u^2 +2as The Attempt at a Solution I know that the method is by using the above...
  25. astrololo

    What Is the Minimum Speed Required to Catch a Car Thief?

    Homework Statement There is one car which got stolen which goes from the point 30 in the negative sense of the "x" axe towards the point 0 and has a constant speed of 160 km/h. Another person notices the stealing 3 minutes later and takes another car to catch the stealer. What must be the...
  26. N

    Car Alternator voltage is too high (16V+) Can it be reduced?

    My car alternator runs at 16 to 16.5 volts when I hit the gas, and 15v idling. This is scaring me and a new one is too expensive. It could be my computer or pulleys in the wrong too so I can't risk buying a new one and still having the problem. It turns off my speaker amplifier as soon as I hit...
  27. B3NR4Y

    Calculating Distance Traveled by a Honking Car and Echo

    Homework Statement A car is traveling with a constant speed v on a straight road which forms an angle α with nearby straight wall. When the car is at a distance l from the wall the driver presses the horn briefly. What distance would the car have traveled (from the spot of the honk) when the...
  28. magi

    Automotive How Will Future Flying Car Technology Overcome Turbulence?

    -- Hello. When people started flying it was quite bumpy because of turbulence below 10000 meter. So todays air travel is mostly above 10000 meter to avoid a bumping turbulent ride. To develop a future flying car this must be dealt with because people don't want to be thrown around in the...
  29. R

    Automotive Can a Car Be Powered Indefinitely with Solar Panels and a Motor?

    Hello , this is my first post. I just had this crazy idea if you can make a car that you can drive forever. I just want to check if this is possible. I know that the "motor powers the generator and generator powers the motor" thing doesn't work. Cause it isn't 100% efficient and bla bla bla...
  30. R

    Automotive Air speed in car radiator -- Heat Exchange calculations

    Hello, this is my first post. This question is related to my final thesis. I'm calculating the heat exchange area of a radiator through heat exchange equations: Q = U*A*LMTD I have as data Q, and LMTD (this one through trivial calculations) In order to calculate U, I need the coefficients...
  31. J

    Analyzing Forces on a Car Attached to a Wall with a Rope

    Homework Statement A rope is attached to a wall on one end and to a car on the other end. Someone pushes up on the rope and the car starts to move when the rope makes an angle of 5o with the floor. Mcar=2500kg Homework Equations ΣFx=ma ΣFy=maThe Attempt at a Solution Look at the car and the...
  32. H

    What Was the Speed of the SUV Before the Collision in Phystown?

    Homework Statement A collision in Phystown is being analyzed by the O.P.P. accident analysis team. A 1000 kg Toyota known to be moving at 65 km/h [W] collided at an intersection with a 3000 kg SUV moving [N]. After the collision, the two vehicles "stuck" together and the police estimate that...
  33. D

    Car Amplifier Mod: Can It Be Used Practically?

    Hello, I am new to this site as well as to electrical theory. I recently took a second semester physics course and stumbled upon a great deal of curiosity in the electricity and magnetism portion of the class. I am taking a few courses pertaining to electricity&magnetism as well as engineering...
  34. H

    Kinematics Car velocity Problem

    Homework Statement In the figure here, a red car and a green car move toward each other in adjacent lanes and parallel to an x axis. At time t = 0, the red car is at xr = 0 and the green car is at xg = 223 m. If the red car has a constant velocity of 20.0 km/h, the cars pass each other at x =...
  35. Mellmann

    How to determine the "a" in f=ma or, a=f/m. If a 2200 lb car

    How to determine the "a" in f=ma or, a=f/m. If a 2200 lb car Is stationary and is struck by a 3300 lb vehicle and is propelled 27 feetfrom the impact? The 3300 lb vehicle had to be traveling how fast?
  36. P

    Calculating Vehicle Speed and Acceleration Curve for Game Programmers

    I am programming a game in which there are no outside forces acting on the car aside from the engine. I will not be having gears, so that is not a factor. I just want to know if there is an equation I can use to calculate the car's speed at any given time. The car will start off accelerating...
  37. H

    Kinematics Car acceleration Problem

    Homework Statement In the figure here, a red car and a green car move toward each other in adjacent lanes and parallel to an x axis. At time t = 0, the red car is at xr = 0 and the green car is at xg = 223 m. If the red car has a constant velocity of 20.0 km/h, the cars pass each other at x =...
  38. A

    Why do F1 car have high horsepower rather than torque?

    I've heard the analogy that a high torque car is like a bodybuilder, it is powerful but slow. And a high horsepower car is like a sprint runner, it runs fast, but not as powerful. Considering other factors constant. if each tries to ride a bicycle to a certain speed, and the runner is given a...
  39. Delta31415

    How much distance did the fly cover?

    Homework Statement You have two cars traveling on a course to crash into each other, a fly is on one of the cars. The question is how much distance does the fly cover until the cars crash? V= velocity,t=time Df=? p/v1,v2 lets say the cars are traveling at the same speed This is a sketch of the...
  40. G

    Zero Acceleration in Running and in a Car

    1) While running with a constant velocity ; how do we consume energy? : Only due to vertical movement of our bodies, right? 2) When driving a car in a constant velocity; how this car could consume energy? It does not move upright-downright (in a very straight road).
  41. synMehdi

    Automotive Can You Convert a Trike Differential Gear to a Chain Drive for a Kart?

    Hi, I'm a beginner in mechanics so I need some help with a project I started. My project consists of a small kart-like car. The car will be Rear-Wheel-Drive and Rear-Engine too (RR layout). and I am willing to use a small 110cc moped engine. I have a trike Differential Gear for the rear shaft...
  42. TaurusI76

    Accelerating car catches up with another (accelerating) car

    Homework Statement I have the following situation: car 1 is distance di ahead of car 2. Car 1 has either a constant speed v1 or accelerates with a1 (I eventually want to cover both cases). Car 2 accelerates faster than car 1. Car 2 is eventually going to catch up with car 1. I want to calculate...
  43. G

    Can a car's reaction to gas pedal be said to be stable ?

    As per control theory, if a bounded input produces a bounded output then a system can be said to be stable. So assuming that I press my cars gas pedal such that it reaches a fixed position, then the reaction of my car would be to reach a corresponding velocity, and assuming the road to be even...
  44. N

    Impulse exerted on car during collision

    Homework Statement Two cars are approaching a perpendicular intersection without a stop sign. Car 1 has a mass m1=900kg and is heading north at v1=25m/s. Car 2 has mass m2=700kg and is heading west at an unknown speed v2. The two cars collide at the intersection, and stick together as a result...
  45. J

    Emulating car battery output through home power?

    I'm setting up an amplifier which is intended for use in a car, and I'm not using it in one. I'm trying to power it through a typical DC 250 volt wall outlet. What kind of transformer should I use? (I'm also trying to power a car stereo with it as well)
  46. A

    Automotive What's the thermal conductivity of car insulation

    whats the thermal conductivity for car insulation? roof or dashboard, basically the thermal conductivity of foam used in most cars.
  47. anandtr2006

    Calculating Time and Distance for Car Overtaking at Different Speeds

    Homework Statement A car traveling at 60 kmph overtakes another car traveling at 42 kmph. Assuming each car to be 5.0 m long, find the time taken during the overtake and the total road distance used for the overtake.[/B]Homework Equations Relative Velocity of a body A with respect to another...
  48. B

    What's the Best Device for Simulating Car Vibrations?

    Hi everyone! It's my first time working with vibrations (and on this site) and I'd like to know what the best device is for simulating a car engine's vibrations is. Basically I want to generate a random range of frequencies. I would like to keep it as small and for it to use as little power as...
  49. C

    Force, linear and angular acceleration, car & wheels help

    I'm building an excel dragstrip model. I already have a working model that incorporates force exerted at the rear tires, force of drag, and force of rolling resistance. Now, I want to take into account the linear force that acts on the front tires that is required to accelerate them. There is...
  50. L

    Creating 1500 watts of power in the trunk of my car

    Good afternoon everyone! I've exhausted my initial ideas for supporting 1500 watts of power in the trunk of my car, for intermittent use with a wall plug connection. My first thought was a simple power inverter, however, ideally I won't be running this power from my car battery. This has proven...
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