A chemical substance is a form of matter having constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. Some references add that chemical substance cannot be separated into its constituent elements by physical separation methods, i.e., without breaking chemical bonds. Chemical substances can be simple substances, chemical compounds, or alloys. Chemical elements may or may not be included in the definition, depending on expert viewpoint.Chemical substances are often called 'pure' to set them apart from mixtures. A common example of a chemical substance is pure water; it has the same properties and the same ratio of hydrogen to oxygen whether it is isolated from a river or made in a laboratory. Other chemical substances commonly encountered in pure form are diamond (carbon), gold, table salt (sodium chloride) and refined sugar (sucrose). However, in practice, no substance is entirely pure, and chemical purity is specified according to the intended use of the chemical.
Chemical substances exist as solids, liquids, gases, or plasma, and may change between these phases of matter with changes in temperature or pressure and time. Chemical substances may be combined or converted to others by means of chemical reactions.
Forms of energy, such as light and heat, are not matter, and are thus not "substances" in this regard.
I'm interested in oscillating chemical reaction, as Belousov-Zhabotinsky one.
Does it oscillate "forever" or it relax to a macroscopical stationary state?
Ll.
Homework Statement
What is the coordination number of [Pt(en)3](ClO4)4Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
I know the method to solve this one, I just have no idea what (en) is and if it is bidentate or polydentate (I've already tried monodentate and it was incorrect). Even the name of...
As you can tell from the title, I am curious to the advantages/disadvantages of majoring in Chemical engineering or Electrical engineering in regards to nanotechnology, as well as other job opportunities if nanotech doesn't fall through(currently a freshman in college). I recently read a thread...
I'm just graduated from university. Now, I want to take graduate studies. But, I'm still confuse to choose major in my master degree. My undergraduate studies is chemistry (natural science), but some person told me that I must take chemical engineering to support my future. I don't understand...
like mixing household chemicals together to get a cool reaction to help my brother for the science fair? please don't say baking soda and vinegar half the school is doing that for a volcano.
Homework Statement
Consider the charging of a lead-acid batter at atmospheric pressure and room room temperature.
2PbSO4 +2H2O -> Pb + PbO2 + 4H+ + 2SO42-
How much electrical work must be provided to produce one mole of lead?
The Attempt at a Solution
We're given the values of Gibbs...
sorry if this has been asked before, i did a search and couldn't find any results.
Explain fully what happens when H^+ is added to a mixture containing BaCrO_4(s) and CrO_4^2^-.
The overall equation of ions in this experiment is...
I will be attending college this fall as a freshman, so I'm trying to decide on a major. My first choice of a major was chemistry because I had planned on going to medschool, but now I am also considering majoring in chemical engineering.
What are the major differences between the two...
Homework Statement
Suppose the reaction system UO2(s) +4HF(g) <-> UF4(g) +2H2O(l)
is sealed in a container and allowed to equilibrate at a particular temperature.
Explain what happens to the nature of each substance if you:
a. remove some UO2 from the system
b. remove all UO2 from the...
I am confused in finalising which one is good for me. I know Toronto and waterloo have better reputation name wise than McMaster. But there are pros and cons for each.
From what I understood, talking to people, reading various threads:
Waterloo has better coop, good reputation, relatively...
Hello,
I am sorry to ask a relatively unrelated question. I need to know if the chemical potential of fictitious atoms like hydrogen used to saturate the dangling bonds is different from the chemical potential of hydrogen in common chemical potential tables.
Regards,
Sarah
Homework Statement
Sorry if this kind of question is atypical for this forum. I'm trying to understand the physical concepts involved in my chemistry class.
My homework is covering lattice enthalpy, and to get the lattice enthalpy of an ionic compound using the Born-Haber Cycle...
So I got back a test and one of the questions was the following: A person is running at a constant speed on level ground. Chemical energy in the runner's body is being transformed to other forms of energy: most of the chemical energy is transformed to?
a. thermal energy
b. potential energy
c...
Hello Guys,
I'm searching for the best physical definition for the "Chemical Potential" as an energy, what I know is that it's a constant set through Lagrange multiplicands which is set to sustain the number of particles. Actually I'm still not convinced with that, it's an energy, and should...
Homework Statement
The equation for the reaction of Al and KOH solution
The Attempt at a Solution
Al\rightarrow + KOH\rightarrow Al(OH)+ K
I seriously don't know if this is the correct equation to represent the reaction between Al and KOH solution.
Homework Statement
does anyone know how i can differentiate a strong acid from a weak acid and likewise for a strong base and a weak base based on its chemical formula?
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
hi
please give some me insight into the working of a chemical clock and its relation with entropy
i don't really know if this is has anything to do with physics but please do help
Homework Statement
Hey all, I'm new here, so hello to all of you.
Question: "Calculate the solubility of PbI2 in .300m AlI3
(PbI2 - Ksp = 2.0x10-30)"
So I'm not really sure how to do the symbols and such, but that's a try.
Now I'm seeing it two ways. One: Right a disassociation equation as...
I have been planning on dual majoring as a nuclear physicist and also a chemical engineer. I was going to be the chemical engineer until I could get a good job as a nuclear physicist. This changed though when I started learning about quantum mechanics and I realized how much I enjoy it. I like...
Are you interested in earning $100 to share your opinions?
We're looking for Chemical Engineers, age 22- 35 to participate in a 1 1/2 hour discussion.
We will be hosting focus groups in Houston, Chicago, and Philadelphia, and we need members of AIChE as well as non-members.
The...
Homework Statement
1. Li + H2O ->
2. K + H2O ->
3. Na + H2O ->
4. Ca + H2O ->
5. Mg + H2O ->
6. Cs + H2O ->
7. H + At ->
8. Na + At ->Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
1. 2Li + 2H2O -> H2 + 2LiOH
2 & 3: Same for 1.
Others I have no idea how to do. I was NOT taught these and she...
Homework Statement
It is a chem equilibrium question, involving the ICE table.
The following reaction:
S2(g) + 2H2 (g) ←→ 2SH2(g)
takes place at high temperatures. If the initial amount of H2 and SH2 is 1.75 g and 1.95 g, respectively, and at equilibrium the amount of S2(g) is found to be...
I have to graph changes in energies. And I have a question - so I have a battery that supplies power to a motor and some sensors. I have to assume it starts with 36000J of energy (chemical energy, right?). Then, pretend a motor uses 22J and shuts off. Now I would have 35978J of chemical left...
an equilibrium exists between chromate ion and the dichromate ion when potassium chromate is dissolved acid. the net ionic equation describing this reaction is given in the follwering equation:
2 CrO4^2- (aq) + 2 H3O^+ (equilibrium symbol) Cr2O7^2- (aq) + 3 H2O (l)
a student studying this...
i m rubbish at chemsitry, so can someone explain this process, especially what the final thing would be?
Copper sheet > rinsed in a bath of nitric acid > violently oxidized by dipping into a solution of copper sulphate dissolved in sulfuric and hydrochloric acids
i read it in a book...on...
Homework Statement
Ethane reacts with chlorine to make ethyl chloride and hydrogen chloride, and ethylene reacts with hydrogen chloride to form ethyl chloride.
C2h6+ Cl2 > C2H5Cl + HCL
C2H4 + HCl > C2H5Cl
I post an image of flow chart and rest of description
Based on my reading...
I have a project for my chemistry class about industries.
Choose one of the industries listed below to research.
automobile
cleaning
clothing manufacture
computer
construction
cosmetic
dental
farming
food preparation
food processing
fuel
law enforcement...
Hello
I have a bachelors in chemistry and am planning to do a masters in chemical engineering. I was just wondering what the prospects would be of obtaining an engineering job without the bachelors in engineering? I am in Toronto if that matters.
Thanks!
HELP NEEDED Sealing chemical Reaction in furnace(Beng mech Eng. project)
Hello everyone,
I had posted a similar thread earlier, got a few responses, but nothing enough to drive me out of my problem, even my project supervisor at Uni of Notts is confused...
Hey. I've been trying to find out as much as i can about careers in chemical and process engineering by searching the forums, however it seems that most engineers who post here tend to be mechanical engineers. Are there many people here who are chemical engineers, or who have worked in the...
Homework Statement
Calculate and tabulate the fractions of the total mass of the Earth which would be
accounted for by O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca and Fe under the following hypothese.
i) All the elements above are fully oxidized, except that no S is accreted and the
Fe is entirely metallic...
Hi, I am a junior chemistry major. I am interested in studying physical chemistry or possibly chemical physics in grad school. I've got a couple questions:
1) Would a physics course in optics be good to take as an undergrad? I thought it might be helpful to learn about lasers, spectroscopy...
Hi everyone,
i wonder if anyone has an idea how to attack chemically an amorphous carbon film. Is it possible to completely dissociate an amorphous carbon in a chemical solvent?
thanks for your help
What would happen to a molecule adsorbed on a flat and defect-free potential surface? Would it just stay there? Or would it go somewhere?...I see it very difficult for the reaction to occur as no preferential path is present but this is just an intuition. Does anyone have an opinion/the answer?
Homework Statement
Calculate the vapor pressure of iso-propyle alcohol over iso-propyle alcohol in pure liquid state at 298,15K.
Homework Equations
A possible equation to solve this problem, I think, would be to use this formula put together by two definitions of free energy. \Delta G...
Homework Statement
Hi all.
The chemical potential is defined as being the amount of energy one has to remove from a system in order to keep its enotrpy and volume constant when one particle is added to the system.
Is this amount of energy the same energy as the energy of the added...
I'm just wondering, what gives polyethylene its property chemical resistance? Does it have something to do with the electronegativies between the C-H bonds and most chemicals are unable to break the bonds between C-H, therefore unlikely to take part in a chemical reaction?
Thank you
Edit: I...
Hey guys I have to choose between chemical and biochemical engineering soon as the two split paths after sophomore year...anyway...I don't really know much of the difference besides the classes. What I mean is...is there usually a large salary difference between the two? Can a biochem eng get...
Hello all, I am currently a physics major and may be looking to switch to some sort of engineering. I have been reading up on chemical engineering and this looks like a very interesting field of study. I was wondering if there were any chem engineers here and how they felt about their field...