A chemical substance is a form of matter having constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. Some references add that chemical substance cannot be separated into its constituent elements by physical separation methods, i.e., without breaking chemical bonds. Chemical substances can be simple substances, chemical compounds, or alloys. Chemical elements may or may not be included in the definition, depending on expert viewpoint.Chemical substances are often called 'pure' to set them apart from mixtures. A common example of a chemical substance is pure water; it has the same properties and the same ratio of hydrogen to oxygen whether it is isolated from a river or made in a laboratory. Other chemical substances commonly encountered in pure form are diamond (carbon), gold, table salt (sodium chloride) and refined sugar (sucrose). However, in practice, no substance is entirely pure, and chemical purity is specified according to the intended use of the chemical.
Chemical substances exist as solids, liquids, gases, or plasma, and may change between these phases of matter with changes in temperature or pressure and time. Chemical substances may be combined or converted to others by means of chemical reactions.
Forms of energy, such as light and heat, are not matter, and are thus not "substances" in this regard.
I need help with the following problems:
1.Are there environmental concerns that arise as a result of the chemical process of cleaning?(if yes go into details)
2. Has the cleaning industry made any recent advances that have chemical foundations(if yes go into details)
Websites, Answers...
Some complex/man made molecules decompose so as to leave detectable components. The detection of these components may be accomplished by QA or a good nose. However, is it possible to irradiate the suspected components with a resonant energy thereby exposing it’s existence?
Hi,
I am trying to do a experiment on artificially induced hibernation of mice. I am trying to send 80ppm of a hibernation inducting substance in the atmosphere of the mouse cage. The compound is H2S which is generally toxic but completely safe at these levels. H2S is gaseous at -60 degrees...
I live in seattle, and right now i am heavily considering chemical engineering.
I would really love to stay in the seattle area, but I am not sure if i will be able to, as it seems like most of the good chemical engineering jobs are out east.
Does anyone know of any chemical engineering...
i m a student of Chemistry , and i got a university assignment and i need ur kind help in this matter , i need information about a chemical
its name is [Vetro Paste 0.23A
what is this , its chemical formula , structure , its physical and chemical properties , and its uses ,
please guide...
Consider a photon gas in equilibrium with a material cavity (something like a furnace). Why exacly the chemical potential of those photons is zero?
The usual handwaving argument is 'because photons are easily created and destroyed' whatever that means. Hydrogen and Oxygen are 'easily created...
Homework Statement
For a given phenomena of macroscopic particles.
If we model it using the canonical ensemble then we get a certain chemical potential u.
But if we model it using the Grand Canonical system, we get a varying chemcial potential that depends on the average number of particles...
The top programs AFTER:
MIT
UC-Berkley
Stanford
i goofed off my freshman and sophmore years of HS, but have picked it up now, so I'm looking for engineering. I know Vanderbilt stacks up in the top 10, but I'm not sure which other programs are good. If you can, post some of your...
We did a lab at our school recently but some of the questions regarding the lab confused me.
The data obtained from the lab is here:
Determining the Chemical Formula of a Hydrate
Purpose
Find the molecular formula of the hydrate of Copper (II) Sulfate, CuSO4 x H20.
Prediction
When the...
"Chemical resonance is legitimate and universal"
We all know that Lignus Pauling was the creator of both concepts:
Hybridization and resonance. VB theory centered its strength over MO theory in the fact that they were able to better explain the chemistry of carbon [organic].
Today...
I have to do a detailed cost analysis of a chemical plants am ok for material units runing etc. costs, but I have to do stafing cost as well but I am stuck with what jobs are on the plant, I'm going to predict approx. 100 staff for the plant as it is already next to another plant which has quite...
I have a problem.. for a reaction
A + B --> C
how do i generate 3 coupled differential equations so that i can sole this using MATLAB ?
it is given that rate = kAB
thnks!
If two chemicals are mixed together
If I had varying concentrations of the reactant solutions, why is it that the higher concentration mixtures will precipitate at a higher temperature? and lower concentration chemicals will precipitate at a lower temperature?
First it was the toxic pet food and now this. This study was done in 2005. Kind of a long time to wait to issue a recall.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/12/051203123328.htm
This might explain why male fish in the Potomac River and other places are showing up with eggs in...
If two chemicals are mixed together, say: Na_2SO_4 + CaCl_2 --> 2NaCl + CaSO_4
If I had varying concentrations of the reactant solutions, why is it that the higher concentration mixtures will precipitate at a higher temperature? and lower concentration chemicals will precipitate at a lower...
Hello
I'm a last year student in chemical engineering at the KUL and I'm having difficulties finding a job. (sounds ridiculous I know)
At each interview people ask me why I began my studies as chemical engineer and why I chose chemistry instead of mechanics, electronics, building...
I...
Can anyone please help me on these chem equilibrium questions. I just want to make sure if they are correct or not.
1. A chemical system in equilibrium will
a. form more products if the the temperature is increased
b. have a specific ratio of product to reactant concentrations
c. not have...
This question asks me to classify each of the following as a physical or a chemical change.
a. Tarnishing of copper
b. Heating sugar to form caramel
c. Pouring concentrated nitric acid on a copper coin to form brown fumes
d. Evaporating a solution of copper sulfate to dryness (to form...
I can not seem to understand what happens when you react ammonium with certain compounds. For example NH3 + Cu(NO3)2 = ?. How am I supposed to do this?
1.
Given the equilibrium reaction:
N2(g) + O2(g) <---> 2NO(g) deltaH=180kJ mol-1
State the effect of each of the following potential stresses on the system:
A) Temperature is decreased
B) The pressure of the container is decreased, keeping volume constant
C) A catalyst is added
D) NO is...
Homework Statement
N_{2(g)}, 0.32M and H_{2(g)}, 0.66M are placed in a reaction vessel. The system reaches equilibrium when [H_{2(g)}] = 0.30M. Calculate K_C
a) 10.7M^2
b) 4.00M^2
c) 2.67M^2
d) 1.67M^2
Homework Equations
Equilibrium constant formulaThe Attempt at a Solution
This is just...
Homework Statement
I basically have 4 sets of solutions which I have to write the chemical reactions for. I already figured out the chemical formulas for the reactants, and just need help determining the final products. I know how to balance, and just need help determining the products...
From what I gather both ionic and covalent bonds transform all the elements involved into ions. Does that mean every chemical compound that exists consists of ions and not atoms or are there chemical compounds that are made of pure unionized atoms?
Also when they speak of ionized water what...
I have trouble trying to figure out what happens to this reaction:
NaOH(s)+H2O(l)->
my first thought was that maybe nothing happened but then moved on to wondering wether it ionizes. can someone explain to me what happens and maybe why it does?
I was wondering if someone could tell me the chemical reaction of Baking Soda during electrolysis. According to wikapedia baking soda is sodium bicarbonate witht he formula NaHCO3. And/or could someone explain how i could figure out te chemical reaction of different items during electrolysis...
Hi guys, I need your help:
A white solid V is heated strongly. At a high temperature, V gives off carbon dioxide and changes to a solid W that begins to glow.
When water is added to W, it begins to fizz, produces heat and crumbles to a powder X.
X dissolves in water to form an...
I'm rather fascinated by chemical and biological warfare. Not only by the immense power behind it but more the specific targeting of our unique physiology, especially sections such acetylcholine and the prevention of its synaptic transmitter functions.
<< URL removed by berkeman >>
The...
Oyster Shell?
Alcoholic CObalt (II) solution?
Any help would be appreciated... can't really find it at wikipedia...
if you could find a link of these please post
-Adam
We know that the battery itself is a load and electrons flow through it (through the chemical). In a D.C circuit there is always a certain amount of electron-flow within a given time.
Let's assume that, the battery used is a dry-cell battery. Now my question is:-
Does this electron-flow...
Hey everyone,
I was wondering if someone could help explain to me how you get these chemical equations?
Propane: C3H8 + 5O2 --> 3CO2 + 4H2O + energy (heat)
Corrosion (rust): 4Fe + 3O2 --> 2FeO3
How does 4 molecules of iron and 3 molecules of oxygen form 2 molecules of iron...
I'm interested in trying to find this out because I'm wondering if i could artificially make it from school materials...also i want to do a presentation on it tommorow, if i can't find the relevant information I'm going to have to do my presentation on ionisation energy, which is easy, and which...
If aluminum has a positive 3 charge and chlorine has a negative 1 charge, then the formula becomes AlCl3, because the negative three in chlorine would balance out the positive 3 in aluminum right? So, what about this? Silion has a positive 4 charge. and neon has a neutral charge. What would the...
If aluminum has a positive 3 charge and chlorine has a negative 1 charge, then the formula becomes AlCl3, because the negative three in chlorine would balance out the positive 3 in aluminum right? So, what about this? Silion has a positive 4 charge. and neon has a neutral charge. What would the...
I am not positive if I did this correctly, but I was wondering if someone could check and then, potentially, offer ideas.
The question asked to use bond energies and estimate the energy change deltaH (in kJ/mol) for
N=N + 2H2 --> H2N-NH2
(that first N=N is triple)
I think I just...
I am confuse here.Here is another question from my test.
Which of the following is a chemical reaction?
I.A piece of gold is being heated to melt it
II.A ball is being blown
III.A piece of paper is burnt
IV.A piece of sodium is out into a beaker of water
A.I and II
B.III and IV...
I have a question Iam stuck on. I was wondering if i did the right calculations. Please let me know:
Through decay, Chemical Q loses one-third of its mass every 7 years.
Twenty-five years ago, a container of Chemical Q was buried. The EPA has
just dug it up and found 1,000 grams...
Why for systems containing several components and phases does it require that the chemical potential of ecah component must be idential in every phase?
We lit a piece of Mg so the formula is:
2Mg(s) + O2(g) HEAT-- 2MgO(s)
We then dissolved this in water so it would then be:
MgO(s) + H2O(l) -- Mg(OH)2(l)
Next we blew into the solution which made it:
CO2(g) + H2O(l) -- H2CO3(l)
Is this all correct? Should I have (Aq) after the...
hello, i hope someone can help me.
i have a few questions.
The elements sulfur and chlorine react to give disulfur dichloride according to the equation:
S8 + 4Cl2 --> 4S2Cl2.
There are 0.5987 mol S8.
a) How many moles of Cl2 are needed for complete reaction?
b) What mass of S2Cl2 in...
Hello,
I am a A level student. I find difficulties with different chemical reactions.
Is there any simple way of predicting chemical reactions.
Is there any basic principles that can be followed instead of memorising chemical equations?
Different chemical reactions occurs in different...
Hi! This is a homework question that I'm supposed to answer but that I really do not understand. "Identify two repulsive forces and two attractive forces that influences the formation of chemical bonds between two atoms." I noticed that this question was already posted once at this website but I...