A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation.
Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect low-current circuits or individual household appliance, up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city. The generic function of a circuit breaker, or fuse, as an automatic means of removing power from a faulty system is often abbreviated as OCPD (Over Current Protection Device).
For the first circuit, Req = ZL + ZC = -j/(w*C) + j*w*L = 0 for short circuit, so w = 0?
For the open circuit case, -j/(w*C) + j*w*L = infinity, so w = infinity?
Is that correct?
As part of our UG curricula in Physics major, we have a practical in which we have to draw the calibration curve of an NTC ##10~\mathrm{\Omega}## thermistor, and then construct a circuit to maintain the temperature of a water bath.
The calibration curve of our thermistor. The Prof. said that...
I have done part A so far below, but I'm a bit behind on my reading, so I don't quite understand the action of the controlled-NOT gate on a single qubit.
What I have so written so far for part B is:
Let ##\mathcal{H}=(\mathbb{C}^2)^{\otimes 3}##. Let ##|\psi _{q_i}\rangle_k## , ##(i\in\left...
(NOTE: I should state that my circuit analysis knowledge is up to the level of a single comprehensive EE course, as per ME students.)
I was thinking about the famous resistor cube problem, and I've come up with some observations:
- Every branch (I think that's the term - i.e., a branch is any...
I have been assigned the task to design an active bandpass filter with a passband of 0.1 to 10 Hz. At these two frequencies, there should be an attenuation of -6dB or more. So far I have selected my circuit layout which can be seen below
I found my transfer function so that I could calculate...
I did a few experiments recently of impedance spectroscopy, and I've gathered some data that i'm having some issues to find an equivalent circuit that can fit the data.
The equivalent circuit that I've got, it's pretty similar with the data (graph and circuit below)
But the problem is, at low...
First I solved 4+j3, which I squared 4 and 3 to equal 16 and 9 then I added them to get 25 and then I got the square root of 25 = 5.
Then I plugged it back in to the equation.
[50/(5)(50)+100] x 150 to get 50/350x 150= 1/7(150)= 21.42. I've attached the correct answer.
After the switch is closed, current flows clockwise from the battery to resistor R1 and down through the switch.
I don't understand the reasoning for the following: the current from the capacitor flows counterclockwise and down through the switch to resistor R2. How do I determine the direction...
The solution chooses the centre wire to determine the potential difference, where Va−(0.909 A)(2.00 Ω)=Vb and Vb - Va = -1.82
If I choose the top wire (passing through the 12 V battery and 4 Ω resistor), Va - 12 + (1.636 A)(4.00 Ω)=Vb, and Vb - Va is different (= -5.46 V). Why would this path...
I have taken portions of a schematic for amplifying the current I1, this I1 current is the phase current from one of the legs of the inverter. The output vout1 is the amplified voltage, again given to a micro which has internal opamp. Is my circuit understanding correct?
When I give I1 = 10...
Hello. I am creating a boost circuit and there is a lot of problems while testing.
Before creating circuit i have simulated circuit in modelsim.
Problems.
1. Sudden voltage rise from 40% to 50 % dury cycle. ( i am checking each duty cycle )
2. When applying a gate voltage to mosfet the the...
If you have not built an induction heater yet it is a fun project. Build the small circuit with 6 yellow capacitors first.
Induction heater is a fun project. I built a small induction heater then I wanted a more powerful one. A small unit is so simple you can build it in about 2 hours work...
I'd guess this kind of circuit is widely used. Is there an IC available that has this functionality?
I need a circuit that has a power supply (12V or 24V), an input signal and an output signal.
The wanted behavior is:
1) output goes ON immediately when power is connected (independent of input...
I am so new to circuit quantum electrodynamics. As far as I know, there are few things I could manipulate, like resonator, qubit resonance frequencies, Hamiltonian, coupling strength, Hilbert-space cutoff, dissipation rate, but they do not make sense to me and I do not how they can relate to my...
In a simple 2-phase generator that I am making, I have 2 pairs of oppositely placed copper coils in arrangement similar to this:
I would like the generator to power DC devices. My question is: How could one rectify the output from opposing coils? Or, in other words, how could you rectify 2 AC...
TL;DR Summary: How to calculate the operational amplifiers in the circuit diagram
Hello Everyone,
I am trying to learn the circuit diagram of one of a device in which I will be doing modifications as a part of my Masters's Research to make it performance better. My background is in Mechanical...
TL;DR Summary: Trying to solve the op amp current sense circuit as per the schematic.
I want to solve the below current sense op amp circuit,
Are the calculations correct? As of now i modified the circuit by removing the capacitors, i will add them once the above circuit calculations are...
I wrote down the equation of motion for In(t) and I'm trying to match it with infinite spring mass system equation solution. In the spring mass system, we consider A to be the equilibrium length of the springs, and we can thus write Xn(t) = X(nA,t) and put it back into the equation of motion...
In the circuit simulator there is no voltage at the Varactor cathodes when Vbias is zero, but depending on the Varactor I use on the breadboard it can be as high as 7.4 volts! There is minimal current through the series resistor when Vbias is applied in LTSPICE, but I always see a significant...
Figure:
My attempt at a solution:
1st kirchoff law:
$$J=2I_0+I_0=6\, \textrm{A}$$
$$V_1+8=10\rightarrow \boxed{V_1=2}$$
$$V_1=6-V_S\rightarrow \boxed{V_S=-4\, \textrm{V}}$$
We are looking for ##P## generated in ##J##
$$V_J=V_1-2\cdot J=2-2\cdot 6=-10\, \textrm{V}$$...
Hi first time using this forum, I have some homework that I am entirely stuck on, can anyone help me with this question? I understand the placement of nodes, and that I need to convert complex numbers, but apart from that I have no idea what direction that I'm supposed to take in this. I don't...
Figure:
My attempt at a solution:
a) ##\boxed{V_{TH}}##
Current source equations ##\rightarrow \boxed{2=I_2-I_1}##
Control variable equations ##\rightarrow V_1=4I_2\rightarrow \boxed{0=4I_2-V_1}##
Super Mesh ##\rightarrow -0,5V_1+2I_1+I_2(4+8)-8I_3=0\rghtarrow...
Figure:
My attempt at a solution:
Once the capacitors have been applied, we see directly that ##\boxed{v_c=v_0=0\, \textrm{V}}##
Wouldn't this one be done like this?
I know the following: in a circuit with capacitors and coils, if we have
Capacitor: we change for an open circuit.
Coil: we...
I am now faced with a problem. Part of the circuit I'm making consists of a row of many parallel mosfets.
Parallel as in the drains are all tied to a rail and the sources also.
I wonder, if one of the mosfets goes bad for whatever reason , how could I be able to tell without physically taking...
I just saw the following clip on youtube
It seems that many people are still interested in this topic.
Here is the simple clear explanation I came up with, is there any error please ?
This means that voltmeter 2 is not measuring the potential difference produced by the charge...
Hello!
I am having trouble with this emitter circuit.
I am given U0 as well as all of the resistor values and I need to calculate the following.
## I_c## ##U_{CE} ## ## U_{C} ## ## U_{a} ## ##U_{Ca}## ##U _{Re} ## Now important to note that all of these need to be calculated at the working...
Good morning,
I need some help solving those two question. I've attached my attempted solution below. Could i solve the transfer function any further?
Thank you for your help
I am unsure of how to approach this problem, we begin with two 8-bit full adders, is the goal to just combine them in some way so that it becomes one entire circuit while also adding NAND and NOR gates where necessary? By the end will we then have 16 1-bit full adders?
Here is the question
a. Plot nodes in the problem and indicate how many equations will be obtained.
answer: two unknown variables
b. Use node analysis. Derive the system of equations for the voltages in the circuit.
question: Did I calculate right V_a and V_b?
C. Calculate the...
Yes, I should hit the books more, so forgive the basic question. I take it normality is known by observing unsplit photon spin ? But how can one then exclude that split photons in themselves might have different probability outcomes ? Thx much in advance. (Please pardon that only...
I have two related but separated questions:
1. If I have an open circuit connected to a battery, let's say an alkaline battery connected to a straight wire and nothing more, once I connect the battery to this wire there will be for a short time a current in the wire? Since in the battery due to...
What I have done:
The electromotive force due to Faraday's Law is: ##\mathcal{E}=-\frac{d\phi(\vec{B})}{dt}=\frac{d}{dt}(Ba^2)=a^2\frac{dB}{dt}=-10^{-4}V.##
In the circuit, going around the loop in a clockwise fashion:
##\oint_{\Gamma}\vec{E}\cdot d\vec{l}=-\frac{d\phi(\vec{B})}{dt}\Rightarrow...
I am experimenting with finding the resonant frequency of water in an attempt to disassociate the H2O bond without high voltage/current and using just tap water - no electrolytes, etc. I know how it works in classic electrolysis but that's not what I am attempting.
Assume that there is a...
Hello, as you can see in the attached image I have an opamp driving a BJT transistor that controls the power through a isolated mosfet driver IC that drives 2 series (back to back) N fets performing the duty of a solid state amplifier output relay.
Now my concern is this. In case the output to...
Hi,
The following circuit is given, where the switch S is closed at time t=0.
a) Set up the general differential equation (DE) for the current i(t) and bring the result into the following form## \frac{di(t)}{dt} +c_1 i(t)=c_0,## with the constant terms c0 and c1.
Hint: Determine the DE using...
This is for my graduate EM Theory class. My background is physics/optics, so I was able to understand when we solved maxwells eqs. for waves propagating between parallel conducting plates, but that lead into the lumped element circuit model of transmission lines which I don't understand. I've...
Hello guys,
LRC circuits with an AC source are having the best over me... had some confusion in class with respect to which method is best using(phasors diagram, reactances or complex impedances) which I am trying to desperately sort out before my exam; here I will show you my best attempt on...
Hello! Consider this circuit
Now I am susposed to solve this using nodal analysis. The first step is to "prepare the network" so that I can set up the conductance matrix.
Now I've tried it for a bit and was not really able to do it. So I went ahead and looked at the solutions and this is how...
a) An inductor should be added because that would cancel out the lag of the voltage with the current so that P = IV is at a maximum since V is ahead of I in an inductor
b) ##cos(\phi) = \frac{R}{Z}##, ##R = Zcos(\phi) = 60\times 0.5 = 30 ohms##
##X_l - X_c = \sqrt{Z^2 - R^2} = \sqrt{60^2 -...
##I_2 = \frac{V}{R_3 + R_2}e^{-t/\tau}##
##I_2 = \frac{50}{19.4(2)}e^{-t/\tau}## as t goes to 0, ##I_2 = \frac{50}{19.4(2)}## = 1.29 Amps which is not the answer.