Correlation Definition and 370 Threads

Could you justify the anticorrelation that I get between ##H_0## and ##\omega_{BD}## (actually ##\log10(\omega_{BD}##) ? If we take the relation : ##\Omega_{B D}=\frac{\omega_{B D}}{6}\left(\frac{F_0}{H_0}\right)^2-\frac{F_0}{H_0} ##, then I can express ##H_0## as a function of...

I have no idea whether in V=IR, V can be standard reduction potential, and R is inverse electrical conduciveness of that metal. I plotted the reduction potentials and they are strongly inversely correlated with resistance. I'm more confused by this because I have no idea how much amperes "A" we...

How is it possible to measure the second-order correlation function with a device that can only perform start and stop measurements, and for each measurement, it can only record 5 stops? I understand that experimentally it is necessary to measure the coincidences, the independent events in each...

The graph below shows a very clear, but not perfect, correlation between the red line and the blue line. That fact says nothing whatsoever about causality. BUT ... if you add in the additional fact that there is absolutely zero chance that the blue events cause the red events and a quite...

In QFT the objects of interest are the n point Correlation functions which contain all the information about the theory and can be used to compute any expectation value in principle. However I cant figure out how to compute the vacuum energy from the correlation functions alone and cant find any...

Hello everyone. I have a pandas dataset in python which has n+1 columns and t rows. The first column is a timestamp that goes second by second during a time interval, and the other columns are the names of the people who log in the server. The t rows of the other columns indicate if the person...

I am struggling to rederive equations (61) and (62) from the following paper, namely I just want to understand how they evaluated terms like ##\alpha\epsilon\alpha^{T}## using (58). It seems like they don't explicitly solve for ##\alpha## right?

Hi Guys. I am interested to find out if anyone at the IPTA or other relevant organizations have correlated gravity waves with multiple rebrightening gamma ray bursts where there is a constant time (t) between 3 or more rebrightening's? If so, did the detection of the gravity wave occur between...

The output of SPSS 27 Canonical Correlation gives the standardized and unstandardized canonical correlation coefficients. What exactly are the standardized and unstandardized canonical correlation coefficients and what is the difference between them?

Is there a correlation between the size of a matter particle (defined as its matter wavelength) and the mass of the particle? With the photon, its wavelength and its energy/mass are inversely correlated. Is it also true of matter particles?

Unless there is another alternative method, i would appreciate...ms did not indicate working...thought i should share my working though... Let Waistline= ##X## and Percentage body fat =##Y## and we know that ##n=11## ##\sum X=992, \sum XY=13,772## and ## \sum Y=150## Then it follows that...

Hi Suppose there are two continuous signals of same frequency say 4 KHz. The time corresponding to its one cycle is around 250 us. If we delay one signal by 4010 us (i.e >> one cycle delay), can we use cross correlation techniques to estimate this delay accurately? Thanks

Hi all I am generating two signals of same frequency, i introduce a fixed delay in one of the signal and then try to find out the simulated delay using MATLAB 'gccphat' and 'finddelay' functions, but not able to measure correct delay. MATLAB Code script is given below: clc clear close...

I am currently reading this paper where on page 8, the authors say that: This correlates with Figure 8 on page 12. Does it mean that there is a real correlation between eigenvalues and Lyapunov exponents?

I have heard, that a study was performed, maybe in Brazil, and it showed that a correlation was found – more educated people have less friends. I was unable to google this work. Maybe somebody here knows it? I found only the following...

Hello, I have the demonstration below. A population represents the spectroscopic proble and B the photometric probe. I would like to know if, from the equation (13), the correlation coeffcient is closed to 0 or to 1 since I don't know if ##\mathcal{N}_{\ell}^{A}## Poisson noise of spectroscopic...

The shape of the sampling distribution of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient depends on the size of the sample. Is the expectation of the sampling distribution of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient always equal to the population correlation coefficient, regardless...

Find the problem and solution here; I am refreshing on this topic of Correlation. The steps are pretty much clear..my question is on the given formula ##\textbf{R}##. Is it a generally and widely accepted formula or is it some form of improvised formula approach for repeated entries/data? How...

Hello, recently I'm learning about correlation functions in the context of QFT. Correct me with I'm wrong but what i understand is that tha n-point correlation functions kinda of describe particles that are transitioning from a point in space-time to another by excitations on the field. So, what...

So the Langevin equation of Brownian motion is a stochastic differential equation defined as $$m {d \textbf{v} \over{dt} } = - \lambda \textbf{v} + \eta(t)$$ where the noise function eta has correlation function $$\langle \eta_i(t) \eta_j(t') \rangle=2 \lambda k_B T \delta_{ij} \delta(t -...

I tried to code spinoperators who act like $S_x^iS_x^j$ (y and z too) and to apply them to the states, which works fine. I am not sure about how to code the expectation value in the product Space. Has anyone pseudo Code to demonstrate that?

In Kalman filter mathematical treatment I have always read that a foundamental hypothesis is represented by the whiteness of the process noise. I have tried to do again the mathematical steps in the Kalman filter derivation but I can't see where such hypothesis is crucial. Could you help me...

I'd like to compare 2 or more near-infrared spectra. The data consists of measured light intensity in different wavelengths (range 600 nm to 1100 nm). I'm wondering which statistical method would be appropriate? I noticed when searching online that pearson correlation might be inaccurate as...

They say spin up and spin down is correlated at at any distance and that it can’t be explained by basic logic. say I rip a photo in two, shuffle them and put them in two boxes and send them light years away. No matter which box I open, I can’t know which half I have but when I open it the photo...

Hi, I just found this problem and was wondering how I might go about approaching the solution. Question: Given three random variables ## X##, ##Y##, and ## Z ## such that ##\text{corr}(X, Y) = \text{corr}(Y, Z) = \text{corr}(Z, X) = r ##, provide an upper and lower bound on ##r## Attempt: I...

Kindly see the attached problem below (i find the topic to be easy and straightforward). My concern is only on the highlighted part: In my understanding, to define the type of correlation i have always approached a straightforward approach. For value ##1## perfect positive correlation and...

If we observe that: IF A happens THEN B happens, we speak of correlation and not of causation, right? So when do we speak of causation?

My understanding of the n-correlation function is \begin{equation*} \langle \phi(x_1) \phi(x_2) ... \phi(x_n)\rangle = i \Delta_F (x_1-x_2-...-x_n) \end{equation*} Where ##\Delta_F## is known as the Feynman propagator (in Mathematics is better known as Green's function). Let us analyze...

Hello community! I am facing a conceptual problem with the correlation matrix between maximum likelihood estimators. I estimate two parameters (their names are SigmaBin0 and qqzz_norm_0) from a multidimensional likelihood function, actually the number of parameters are larger than the two I am...

I know quantum correlation means that the particles are entangled and so the state of each cannot be determined independently of the other. However I'm not sure how it applies to this particular scenario - If there are more cars on the M25 I suppose we could say technically there are less on...

Hey! :giggle: Let $X$, $Y$ and $Z$ be independent random variables. Let $X$ be Bernoulli distributed on $\{0,1\}$ with success parameter $p_0$ and let $Y$ be Poisson distributed with parameter $\lambda$ and let $Z$ be Poisson distributed with parameter $\mu$. (a) Calculate the distribution...

I have two independant experiments have measured ##\tau_{1},\sigma_{1}## and ##\tau_{2},\sigma_{2}## with ##\sigma_{i}## representing errors on measures. From these two measures, assuming errors are gaussian, we want to get the estimation of Ï and its error (i.e with a combination of two...

Ok, so if the causality relation between A,B is not linear, then it will go unnoticed by correlation, i.e., we may have A causing B but Corr(A, B)=0. I am trying to find good examples to illustrate this but not coming up with much. I can think of Hooke's law, where data pairs (x, kx^2) would...

What is the difference between electron correlation and electron exchange? Which of them is due to the spin of electrons and which is due to charge of electrons?

In this paper, on quantum Ising model dynamics, they consider the Hamiltonian $$\mathcal{H} = \sum_{j < k} J_{jk} \hat{\sigma}_{j}^{z}\hat{\sigma}_{k}^{z}$$ and the correlation function $$\mathcal{G} = \langle \mathcal{T}_C(\hat{\sigma}^{a_n}_{j_n}(t_n^*)\cdot\cdot\cdot...

If a non-commuting measurement is made on a quantum property (like spin), this can be seen as the wavefunction being prepared. So you can't tell if the outcome represents the property, or that the property is prepared. However, if the property is prepared, we can predict the correlation with a...

Some rotational quantum states are not allowed for a rotating particle. At quantum level, these "forbidden" quantum states is based on the requirement of the total wavefunction being either symmetrical or anti-symmetrical, depending on whether the particle is a fermion or boson. The particle's...

What I need help with is how I would start.. I can say p(X, Y) = (1,0) = 1/4, and same for the other 3 coordinates. P = 0 for all other coordinates. This doesn't give me anything to work with though. C(X, Y) = E(XY) - E(X)E(Y) What is XY? I don't even know what X is.

The accompanying table lists the numbers of Internet users per 100 people and numbers of scientific award winners per 10 million people for different countries. Construct a​ scatterplot, find the value of the linear correlation coefficient​ r, and find the​ P-value of r. Determine whether there...

I have a single technical question regarding a statement on page 7 of the paper "Dynamical quantum correlations of Ising models on an arbitrary lattice and their resilience to decoherence". The paper up until page 7 defines a general correlation function ##\mathcal{G}## of a basic quantum Ising...

If an entanglement experiment, whereby an entangled pair of particles is measured at both ends, is independent of the next entanglement experiment with another pair of entangled particles, how can there be a correlation? It seems that each independent run does not influence the next run, but...

I have a notion that students involved in contest math/physics since high school 'develop' a better ability to pick up concepts (not in the context of contest math/physics) quicker and solve relatively more 'complex' problems. In high school I heard about contest math but never really immersed...

Suppose I have Gaussian white noise, with the usual dirac-delta autocorrelation function, <F1(t1)F2(t2)> = s2*d(t1-t2)*D12 Where s is the standard deviation of the Gaussian, little d is the delta function, and big D is the kronecker delta. For concreteness and to keep track of units, say F...

First, let me introduce the notation; given a Hamiltonian ##H## and a momentum operator ##\vec{P}##, and writing ##P=(H,\vec{P})##. Let ##|\Omega\rangle## be the ground state of ##H##, ##|\lambda_\vec{0}\rangle## an eigenstate of ##H## with momentum 0, i.e. ##\vec{P}|\lambda_\vec{0}\rangle=0##...

Hi All, I think I have some idea of how to interpret covariance and correlation. But some doubts remain: 1)What joint distribution do we assume? An example of uncorrelated variables is that of points on a circle, i.e., the variables ##X ##and ##\sqrt{ 1- x^2} ##are uncorrelated -- have...

I have asked this question on Stack Exchange: SE question. I often encountered this sticker on most motorbikes (especially matic ones) [credit: cintamobil.com]: There, when the tire pressure was measured from cold condition, the tire pressure are same regardless of loadout (29 psi and 33 psi...

Suppose a two point covariance : ##C(a,b)=\langle A\otimes B\rangle## with the eigenvalues of A and B in {-1,1}. Does there exist a mixed state such that ##CHSH=C(a,b)-C(a,b')+C(a',b)+C(a',b')>2\sqrt{2}## ?

1.To shift the graph of a function : Vertical Shifts : ## y=f(x) +h## where the graph shifts ##k## units up if ##k## is positive and downwards when ##k## is negative. Horizontal Shifts : ##y=f(x+h)## where the graph shifts to the left by ##h## units when positive and to the right when ##h## is...

Homework Statement I have simulated Langevin equation (numerically in Matlab) for some specific conditions, so I have obtained the solution ##X(t)##. But now, with the solution I have obtained, I have to calculate ## <X(t)|x_0>, <X^2(t)|x_0>-(<X(t)|x_o>)^2 ## and the conditional correlation...

Let's say we have a Dirac field ##\Psi## and a scalar field ##\varphi## and we want to compute this correlation function $$<0|T \Psi _\alpha (x) \Psi _\beta (y) \varphi (z_1) \varphi (z_2)|0>$$ $$= \frac {1}{i} \frac{\delta}{\delta \overline{\eta}_\alpha(x)} i \frac{\delta}{\delta \eta_\beta(y)}...