Differential equations Definition and 999 Threads

In mathematics, a differential equation is an equation that relates one or more functions and their derivatives. In applications, the functions generally represent physical quantities, the derivatives represent their rates of change, and the differential equation defines a relationship between the two. Such relations are common; therefore, differential equations play a prominent role in many disciplines including engineering, physics, economics, and biology.
Mainly the study of differential equations consists of the study of their solutions (the set of functions that satisfy each equation), and of the properties of their solutions. Only the simplest differential equations are solvable by explicit formulas; however, many properties of solutions of a given differential equation may be determined without computing them exactly.
Often when a closed-form expression for the solutions is not available, solutions may be approximated numerically using computers. The theory of dynamical systems puts emphasis on qualitative analysis of systems described by differential equations, while many numerical methods have been developed to determine solutions with a given degree of accuracy.

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  1. B

    Modeling a car slowing down from speed

    Hello! I'm trying to model a car slowing down from speed with the forces of drag and friction and gravity from the road slope.. The model, which models the resistive forces is as follows.. [ Ffriction + Fdrag + Fslope ] / m = -a (deceleration) where: Friction force Ffriction = A...
  2. A

    MHB Determine dynamics of stochastic differential equations (SDE)

    Hi guys, I´ve just started with SDE and Itô´s lemma but don't really know where and how to begin. I´ve realized that both a Reimann integral and Itô integral is needed both cannot figure out how to solve these questions. Would be much appreciated if someone would help me.
  3. H

    Series Solution of Differential equations

    Working through Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences by Boas, on the chapter on Series Solutions of Differential Equations, Boas works the example: y' = 2xy Boas differentiates the series representation of y yielding y', substitutes both into the original equation, and expands...
  4. K

    Solving a System of Differential Equations

    Homework Statement Y' = [ -14 0 12 24 -2 24 16 0 14 ] Y Subject to the condition y_1 (0) = -6, y_2 (0) = 11, y_3 (0) = 8, find: y_1(t), y_2(t), y_3(t) Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution This is more just to see if my answers are correct than anything, so I begin...
  5. D

    Differential equations - backwards problem

    Homework Statement If y=y(t) is the solution of the initial value problem { y'+(2t+1)y=2cos(t) y(0)=2 then y''(0)=? it is a multiple choice practice problem with choices y''(0)=2 y''(0)=-2 y''(0)=4 y''(0)=0 y''(0)=-4Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution Im really not sure how to go...
  6. D

    Differential Equations: Bernoulli Equation

    Homework Statement Find the general solution: y'-3y=(y^2) Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution divide both sides by y^2 y'(y^-2) -3(y^-1) = 1 we know v=y^(n-1) v=y^-1 v'=d/dx(y^-1) v'=-(y^-2) y' plug it back into y'(y^-2) -3(y^-1) = 1 -v'-3v=1 this is where I think I am making a...
  7. C

    Spring Problem, Differential Equations

    Homework Statement A mass weighing 16 lb stretches a spring 3 in. The mass is attached to a viscous damper with a damping constant of 2 lb-s/ft. If the mass is set in motion from its equilibrium position with a downward velocity of 2 in/s, find its position u at any time t. Assume the...
  8. J

    Intro to Differential equations: Vector Spaces

    Good evening everyone, I hope everyone is having a better evening than myself thanks to this homework problem. Let P be the set of positive numbers. For a,b in P, define a+b=a x b; for a in P and a real number r, define r x a= a^r. Show that P is a vector space using ⊕ as addition and (circle...
  9. U

    Runge Kutta for 4 coupled differential equations

    Hi, I'm not a bright programmer , but I have to solve the fallowing equations: ##\frac{df}{dt} = \alpha f -\beta f + \theta g - (f+h)f## ##\frac{dg}{dt} = \psi f- \phi g## ##\frac{dh}{dt} = \xi f+ \mu h -\tau h + \epsilon w- (f+h)h## ##\frac{dw}{dt} = \nu h - \chi h## Where ##f(t)## ...
  10. S

    Where does one start with differential equations?

    Hi, So, I'm a programmer with a deep interest in simulations and mechanics and I'm currently trying to delve into a bit of fluid simulation. To set the scene, I'm completely new to this field and my searches so far have yielded such things as 'Stokes-Navier equations' which no doubt sound...
  11. B

    One Physics MS semester left - what courses to take?

    Hello all, I've got one more semester before I earn my physics MS, and I have space for one or two extra courses. I am going into oceanography, and I would like to have a strong foundation in math in order to understand the theory I'll encounter as well as possible. Lots of physical...
  12. J

    Rearrange equation (solution of ODE)

    I have determined the solution to a nonlinear first order ordinary differential equation but am struggling to rearrange the result, I have that $$\\ln(R)+\frac{mR^{n-1}}{n-1}=\bar{w}_{\infty}\xi+C.$$ How would I rearrange this equation for $$R$$?
  13. mef51

    [Differential Geometry] Matrix of Differential Equations in SO(3)

    Homework Statement Suppose that ##s \to A(s) \subset \mathbb{M}_{33}(\mathbb{R})## is smooth and that ##A(s)## is antisymmetric for all ##s##. If ##Q_0 \in SO(3)##, show that the unique solution (which you may assume exists) to $$\dot{Q}(s) = A(s)Q(s), \quad Q(0) = Q_0$$ satisfies ##Q(s) \in...
  14. J

    Help Solving Differential Equations

    Q1. x2dy/dx + xy = x2sinx I believe it is a separable equation (first order linear) First step is to rewrite into standard form; dy/dx + (xy)/x2 = (x2sin(x))/x2 Then to calculate the integrating factor I(x); I(x) = e|(xy)/x2dx = eylnx = elnxy = xy Then i need to multiply both sides of...
  15. _N3WTON_

    Introductory Differential Equations Textbook

    Ok, for my differential equations class we are using a textbook called "An Introduction To Differential Equations and Their Applications" by Stanley Farlow. The book can be found here: https://www.amazon.com/dp/048644595X/?tag=pfamazon01-20 and I must say that I 100% agree with the assessment...
  16. C

    Integrating ##d\psi=(x+y)dx +x_0dy##

    I am quite embarrassed to ask this question, as I know i have lost track of the concept here, but Ill nevertheless ask it. I was going through Mathematical methods for physicists (pg 333), and there was an example: "Solve $$y'+(1+\frac{y}{x}) = 0$$" My problem is, (a) when you put the...
  17. L

    Info on Bessel functions & their use as basis functions.

    Hello all,As an exercise my research mentor assigned me to solve the following set of equations for the constants a, b, and c at the bottom. The function f(r) should be a basis function for a cylindrical geometry with boundary conditions such that the value of J is 0 at the ends of the cylinder...
  18. rakeru

    Is the Derivative of a Function a Differential Equation?

    Is the derivative of a function a differential equation? I guess it would be because it involves a derivative, right? Would the solution to the equation just be the original function? Is solving a differential equation just another way of integrating? Like with finding solutions of separable...
  19. gfd43tg

    Inhomogeneous differential equations

    Homework Statement Solve the following ordinary differential equations, where ##\alpha##, ##\beta##, and ##\lambda## are constants. \frac {dy}{dx} + \beta y = 0 \frac {dy}{dx} + \beta y + \alpha = 0 \frac {d^2y}{dx^2} - \lambda^2 y = 0 \frac {d^2y}{dx^2} + \lambda^2 y = 0 \frac...
  20. S

    How to go about this question solving differential equations

    from the attachment a) when I put dw/dt = 0 I get something like e^(b/a) is this correct?
  21. C

    Differential Equations : Compound Interest

    Homework Statement A college student wants to start a new savings account with an initial balance of $0. He plans to save money at a continuous rate of $700 per month. Additionally, every month he plans to increase this rate by $7. (Such that for example in month 3 he is saving at rate $721...
  22. L

    Using Laplace transforms to solve differential equations - with a twist

    I've been given this: x''+ x = 4δ(t-2π) The question asks: With initial conditions of x(0) = 1 and x'(0) = 0, find x(t) using Laplace transforms. I can easily get it to this: 4(sin(t-2π)u(t-2π)) But the question says "express your final solution without use of the unit step function". This is...
  23. L

    Differential Equations Help, non-linear first order with substitution

    (r^2) (dT/dr)+B*r*T=T^2, with initial condition dT/dr |r=0 =0 where B is a constant I've gotten it to this: dT/dr = -BT/r + T2 / r2 by dividing everything by r2, then I substitute using λ= T/r which gives: r * dλ/dr + lambda = -B * (λ) + λ^2 I don't know how to separate...
  24. S

    Ordinarty differential equations

    With $$ H = \alpha \left(x^{2}\partial_{x} - x \partial_{x} \right) + \beta\left(x \partial_{x}^{2} - x^{2}\partial_{x}^{2}\right) $$ Sorry for the messed up tex. I don't know how to fix it. It works in my editor. Hallo PF! This might become a somewhat long post so for the...
  25. A

    'Mean Aversion' in Stochastic Differential Equations

    I had a brief question regarding SDEs. Typically, I've seen models like the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process that generally revert back to the mean over time. However, I've been trying to find a stochastic differential equation/process that avoids the mean, such as a sharp increase followed by a sharp...
  26. C

    MHB Obtaining Differential Equations with Solution

    (a) all circles tangent to x-axis?? with answer on the book [1+(y^{2})^2]^3=[yy''+1+(y')^2]^2 (b) all circles with fixed radius r and tangent to x-axis?? Thanks a bunch!
  27. V

    Questions about linear differential equations

    What is the vector space under consideration when we say that a linear differential equation is of the form Dy=f where the differential operator D is a linear operator? What is its underlying field? Also, is the Fourier series just an expansion (for a subspace of this vector space) in the...
  28. E

    Linear system of differential equations

    Hi! My task is to solve this system: $$\frac{\mathrm{d} x}{\mathrm{d} t}=-x+y-2z$$ $$\frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{d} t}=4x+y$$ $$\frac{\mathrm{d} z}{\mathrm{d} t}=2x+y-z$$ My first equation (1) is $$\frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{d} t}=4x+y$$. Derivative of (1) is $$\frac{\mathrm{d} }{\mathrm{d}...
  29. R

    MHB Asymptotic expansion on 3 nonlinear ordinary differential equations

    The 3 nonlinear differential equations are as follows \begin{equation} \epsilon \frac{dc}{dt}=\alpha I + \ c (-K_F - K_D-K_N s-K_P(1-q)), \nonumber \end{equation} \begin{equation} \frac{ds}{dt}= \lambda_b P_C \ \epsilon \ c (1-s)- \lambda_r (1-q) \ s, \nonumber \end{equation}...
  30. W

    Asymptotic expansion on 3 nonlinear ordinary differential equations

    The 3 nonlinear differential equations are as follows \begin{equation} \epsilon \frac{dc}{dt}=\alpha I + \ c (-K_F - K_D-K_N s-K_P(1-q)), \nonumber \end{equation} \begin{equation} \frac{ds}{dt}= \lambda_b P_C \ \epsilon \ c (1-s)- \lambda_r (1-q) \ s, \nonumber \end{equation}...
  31. M

    Please recommend me a good textbook for Differential Equations?

    Can someone please recommend me a good textbook for Differential Equations that has lots of practice problems and less theoretical problems? Please tell me the name of the textbook, edition, and author. Thanks.
  32. dkotschessaa

    Notation Question (Differential Equations)

    I want to show, in a talk, how to build the Predator-Prey (Lotka Volterra) model. It starts off with the "Population Law of Mass Action" i.e. "At time t the rate of change of one population due to interaction with another is proportional to the product of the two populations at that time t"...
  33. C

    Exact Differential Equations: Solving for f(x,y)

    I thought I got this problem wrong, but I think I have it right now. It turned out that when I was taking the derivative of e^xy2with respect to y, I forgot that you're supposed to multiply by 2xy (the derivative of xy2), not just x. Homework Statement (y2* e^xy2 + 4x3 dx + (2xy * e^xy2 -...
  34. C

    Homogenous Differential Equations (Converting Back into Explicit Form

    Homework Statement x*e^(y/x) + y dx = xdy, y(1) = 0 Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution To solve, I divide everything by x dx to put everything in terms of v. e^v + v = dy/dx dy/dx = x dv/dx + v e^v + v = x dv/dx + v e^v = x dv/dx e^v / dv = x/dx Flip both sides. e^-v dv =...
  35. C

    Partial Fractions in Differential Equations

    I'm a little rusty with partial fractions, and I can't seem to find my error once I get up to that point. Homework Statement dy/dx = (y^2 - 1) / x Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Cross-mutliply x dy = (y^2 - 1) dx Divide by the appropriate terms dy / (y^2...
  36. I

    MHB Modeling with Differential Equations

    #1 Which of the following FUNCTIONS are SOLUTIONS (meaning PLURAL) of the differential equation $y''+y=sin(x)$? a. $y=sin(x)$ b. $y=cos(x)$ c. $y=\frac{1}{2}xsin(x)$ d. $y=\frac{-1}{2}xcos(x)$#2 Suppose you have just poured a cup of freshly brewed coffee with temperature $95^oC$ in a room where...
  37. A

    Should I take calc 3 and differential equations or EE 254 and EGR 265

    I hope I am putting this in the right thread. It seemed to be the most appropriate one! So, I have two choices. I can take both MA 227(Calculus III) and MA 252 (differential equations) or take both EGR 254 and EGR 254. Which do you think would be the easiest option? I am an electrical...
  38. I

    MHB Differential equations and initial value problems

    did i do these two questions right? #1 $y'=xe^{- \sin\left({x}\right)}-y \cos\left({x}\right)$ $y'+y \cos\left({x}\right) = xe^{-\sin\left({x}\right)}$$I(x)=e^{\int \ \cos\left({x}\right)dx}$ $\int \...
  39. M

    Is this course taken after Differential Equations?

    Is the course "Complex Variables with Applications" taken after Differential Equations? Is this course applied or pure math? Can someone recommend me a good textbook for this course?
  40. T

    Solid Introductory Text to Ordinary Differential Equations

    Hi, I am taking (ordinary) differential equations as a summer course and we are studying from a horrid textbook, in my opinion. Just curious if anyone might be able to suggest what is considered to be the "standard" introductory text on ODE. While I'm certainly interested in PDE, I don't...
  41. I

    MHB Differential Equations: Direction Field

    Sketch a direction field for the differential equation. Then use it to sketch three solution curves. $y'=x-y+1$ I really need help drawing this, I'm super confused. :confused:
  42. S

    Numerical methods for differential equations

    Hi, Are there any numerical techniques I can use to solve differential equations with periodic boundary conditions? I know of several techniques for other kinds of boundary conditions (such as Runge-Kutta method, Euler method etc.), but I am interested in knowing how to numerially solve...
  43. P

    Any familiar with Hirsch's "Differential Equations"

    So I am going to take some Math test. For the DEs portion, they recommend me to read the first ten chapters of Hirsch's "Differential Equations, Dynamical Systems, and Linear Algebra. First Edition" However, I got the third edition which the book title and contents are a little different. It is...
  44. H

    Calc 3 and Differential Equations

    Hello everyone, I am currently entering my second year of college in the fall, and will begin Calc 2. My questions involves whether or not it is a good idea to take Calc 3 and differential equations the same semester. The community college I'm attending does not offer linear algebra, so I can...
  45. JasonHathaway

    Differential equations: Elimination of arbitrary constants

    Homework Statement Find the differential equation of ln y = ax^2 + bx + c by eliminating the arbitrary constants a, b and c. Homework Equations Wrosnkian determinant. The Attempt at a Solution I've solved a similar problem (y=ax^2+bx+c --> y'''=0), but couldn't do the same with...
  46. sheldonrocks97

    How to Prepare for Differential Equations?

    Hello, I am going into my first semester at university in the fall and I have already completed Calc I and II and linear algebra and I am finishing up Calc III over the summer. So I was talking to the chair of the EE department at my university and he recommended I take ODEs my first...
  47. M

    MHB Mesh Currents with Differential Equations

    I've attached a picture of the problem statement, figure, and of my work so far. I'm trying to use mesh currents and then differentiate it, but I really have no idea if I'm on the right track. Also, I don't understand why i1 isn't just V/R (The physical current is the mesh current for R1...
  48. L

    Finding Geodesics/Solving Differential Equations

    I want to find geodesics on 2-dimensional Anti de-Sitter space. According to http://www.aei.mpg.de/~gielen/ads.pdf I can write the metric of this as ds^2 = - \cosh^2{r} dt^2 + dr^2 Now, we know the geodesic equation is \frac{d^2 x^\mu}{d \tau^2} + \Gamma^\mu{}_{\nu \rho} \frac{d x^\nu}{d...
  49. R

    Stochastic differential equations question. An over view

    I've been reading Oksendal, and it's quite tedious. It want to see if my understanding of the motivation and process is correct. 1) Differential equations that have random variables need special techniques to be solved 2) Ito and Stratonovich extended calculus to apply to random...
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