Elementary Definition and 558 Threads

I can find the area of e and f but otherwise am stuck with many simultaneous equations. i don't think my approach is correct though considering it is an elementary school problem. it should be simpler? 1 semicircle area = π(52)/2 = 12.5π = 39.25 cm2 Square area = 10x10 = 100cm2 Square – 2...

Is there only one type of elementary charge? The type of elemental charge that appears on particles such as electron, proton, etc. It is well known. Could there be another different type that we don't know yet?

And as an aside what is the difference between bare mass and invariant mass of such particles?

This concerns an elementary experiment that I (a teacher) have done with several secondary school classes, up until now with success. However, I gave the same instructions to a homeschooling student (in another country , so I couldn’t actually directly oversee the experiment), and the...

If ##d(x,y)## is a metric, then it is said ##\frac{d}{1+d}## is also a metric. I don't know the proof of this, I'd appreciate a reference, but it got me wondering: If ##N(x)## is a norm on a Banach space ##x \in X##, then are there functions in a single real (or complex) variable ##f## (besides...

I am trying to help a student but then I need it myself. Spending all my time writing a simple formula in this hateful Latex which ought to be a thing of the past. Not succeeding in writing the formula, to understand what was going wrong I tried the simplest expressions of the kind for fractions...

Has any of the reversible extensions of the elementary one-dimensional cellular automata described by Wolfram in NKS (e.g. Rule 37R) been shown to be computationally universal (like Rule 110)? If so, please give me links. Otherwise, could this be the case? Or is there a proof that no nR can be...

Homework Statement:: I came across the following in an online article. I am unable to understand how these elementary particles cause a force to exist. "Each of the four forces results from the exchange of force-carrier particles.". Above statement is taken from...

Hello! I found this circuit element below in a drawer marked "IR detectors" (which I must have written on it myself, a long time ago...although I must admit don't remember doing so #OldAge). First of all, I'm trying to figure out what, exactly, it is. My initial assumption was that it looks...

In Keisler Elementary Calculus page 39, example 4 it shows how to compute the standard parts of the following expression: Example 4: If ##\epsilon## is infinitesimal but non zero, find the standard part of ##b=\frac {\epsilon} {5-\sqrt{25+ε}}## Before calculating the standard parts the...

My article has been published in Entropy . Abstract: Schrödinger noticed in 1952 that a scalar complex wave function can be made real by a gauge transformation. The author showed recently that one real function is also enough to describe matter in the Dirac equation in an arbitrary...

Mathematicians will use the term "elementary functions," often in the context of integration wherein some integrals cannot be expressed in elementary functions. The elementary functions are usually listed as being arithmetic, rational, polynomial, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric...

Summary:: An elementary example calculation involving entropy in a textbook seems wrong I was reading an elementary introduction to entropy and the second law of thermodynamics. The book gave the example of a gas in a chamber suddenly allowed to expand into an additional portion of the...

Dear Everybody, I have some trouble with this problem: Finding a sequence of elementary matrix for this matrix A. Let ##A=\begin{bmatrix} 4 & -1 \\ 3& -1\end{bmatrix}##. I first used the ##\frac{1}{4}R1##-> ##R1##. So the ##E_1=\begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{4} & 0 \\ 0& 1\end{bmatrix}##. So the...

In view of questions occurring from time to time in this forum, I've written an elementary introduction to rigid-body dynamics (mostly about the force-free and the heavy symmetric top). I hope, it's of some use: https://itp.uni-frankfurt.de/~hees/pf-faq/spinning-top.pdf

Hello I have problems with this exercise Find the elementary divisors and invariant factors of each of the following groups a) $G1= Z_6 \times Z_{12} \times Z_{18}$ , b) $G_2= Z_{10} \times Z_{20} \times Z_{30} \times Z_{40}$Thanks

I have no formal Physics training, just what I've read over time. And I've always read and understood that Quarks are Elementary Particles. I was reading on the web today where someone who seemed to know what he was talking about stated that Down Quarks are not really elementary particles, but...

Hello! I am taking a course on Electroweak & Strong Interactions (you could equally call it Standard Model I) and I find it absolutely fascinating! 😍 We studied how weak interactions violate parity, introduction to QCD, flavor physics (CKM matrix, CP violation, …) and neutrino physics...

I already have a degree in physics. Is there a book that describes the applications for a person who knows the underlying physics? Poking around, I can only found 1000 page tomes that are also teaching the underlying physics. In the back of my head I am thinking about 1) Systems of wheels...

I was walking around with my head in the clouds and suddenly I wondered if a smart person, say, a philosopher, could start at the full monster of real analysis instead of elementary calculus. Would there be any hope for this unfortunate soul? What are your opinions and why? Or if you feel this...

Let's consider the Taylor power series of a function on real numbers. Some of them represent elementary functions, and some of them represent special functions. The special functions cannot be expressed via finite combination of elementary functions on real or complex numbers. Now, take some...

I am trying to use this WolframAlpha app (free if I remember) to portray some 3D surfaces. Having succeeded up to a point I don't want to switch to anything else while I complete an investigation bearing on some homework help. Although I have read stuff claiming Wolfram is a smart system that...

##\frac {7}{2x+2}=\frac {4x-3}{-2x-2}## ##-7(2x+2)=(4x-3)(2x+2)## ##x^2+2x+1=0## ##x=1## or ##x=-1## can we also have; ##-7=4x-3## can the ##2x+2## cancel out? i am a bit mixed up on this very simple problem...and why am i getting false on my ti nsipre...

Some time ago, before particles turned out to be mutable wave excitations (making Alchemist's dreams sound nicer, I guess :-) ) , to say that something was an "elementary particle" meant that it couldn't be broken down further. OK, that idea bit the dust, but now there are intrinsic...

Hello I am looking for an introductory linear algebra book. I attend university next year so I want to prepare and I want to become an engineer. I have a good background in the prerequisites, except I don't know anything about matrices or determinants. I am looking for the more application side...

1. On pg. 343 Griffith's expresses the weak current in terms of left-handed doublets. jμ± = ##\bar χ_L##γμτ±##χ_L## ##χ_L## = ##\begin{pmatrix} ν_e \\ e \end{pmatrix}_L## ##\tau^+## = ##\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}## , ## \tau^- ## = ##\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 0...

Hi All, A couple of questions, please: 1) Say df is a dataframe in Python Pandas, and I select a specific column from df: Y=df[column].values. What kind of data structure is Y? 2) I want to find the sum of two numbers: Def Sum(a=0,b=0): return a+b If I want to find a sum over sum data...

hello all : looking for books to read in this times ,undergraduate level mostly , but i have some problem finding good ones for introductory elementary particle physics other than griffths and for special relativity any recommendations

Hey! 😊 Between the following two topics: Elementary Geometry Fibonacci and its sequences which would you suggest for a presentation? Could you give me also some ideas what could we the structure of each topic? :unsure:

If string theory is correct does it mean that elementary particles like photons, electrons, and quarks don't really exist or does it mean they do but are made of cosmic strings and so therefore are not elementary?

Hello, I'm trying to make sense of some of the group theoretic discussion found in Griffith's Introduction to Elementary Particles. I have had a fair amount of exposure to elementary group theory, but no representation theory, and have some specific questions related to this which refer to the...

Before looking at the proof of basic theorems in Euclidean plane geometry, I feel that I should draw pictures or use other physical objects to have some idea why the theorem must be true. After all, I should not just plainly play the "game of logic". And, it is from such observations in real...

Every explanation about scaling a 2D vector, or equivalently having a line segment PQ on cartesian plane and then find a point R on the line PQ satisfying PR/PQ = r (fixed given r) starts with that one specific case in the picture. A formula for the coordinates of R is then given for that case...

Suppose I have a positive spin-##1/2## eigenstate pointing in the ##z##-direction. If I apply a rotation operator by an angle ##\theta## around the ##z##-axis the state should of course not change. However, if I write it out explicitly, I find something different: $$R_z(\theta)|\uparrow\rangle =...

I'm working on E fields and particles in E fields, and I was wondering if particles are ever truly accelerated from rest. I did some reading on how accelerators work and cathode tubes, but it seems that particles are always in some type of motion. Is this just a thing for introductory level...

I have a copy of Griffiths Introduction to Elementary Particles (1st Edition) and was thinking of beginning to work through it. I was curious if anyone knows if this text is sufficiently up to date or if there have been any major developments in particle physics that would make it worth getting...

Why do all elementary number theory courses have the following topics - gcd, linear Diophantine equations, Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, factorization, modular arithmetic, Fermat's Little Theorem, Euler's Theorem, primitive roots, quadratic residues and nonlinear Diophantine equations?

Why do all elementary number theory courses have the following topics - gcd, linear Diophantine equations, Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, factorization, modular arithmetic, Fermat's Little Theorem, Euler's Theorem, primitive roots, quadratic residues and nonlinear Diophantine equations?

Hi, I am looking for the solution of the following heat conduction problem (see figure below): the geometry is the semi-infinite domain such that (x,y)∈R2 and z∈[0,∞[ ; the thermal diffusivity is constant; the domain is initially at a temperature of 0; At t>0, a small square of the surface...

Few months ago there was a discussion in the topic(Complex numbers in QM) regarding the notion of definable real numbers. The discussion was in the first 3 or 4 pages of that topic. Anyway, I thought of a reasonably interesting observation about it. Since the main theme of that topic seems...

When two cars crash into one another they generally come to a stop, yet we are told momentum cannot be created or destroyed. Where did their momentum go? It seems like the kinetic energy went into the damage in the vehicles but apparently that has nothing to do with momentum?. Thanks...

Elementary particle can be consider as a "wave packet" of the field,but a "packet" of field must have a size.Why do we know elementary particle is point particle?

Physics forums members have ranted how high-school did not prepare students for college. However, I think that elementary school is as equally as important as high-school. Members have should be ranting about elementary school teachers too. The willingness to do homework is a skill that students...

I need to give an option talk about elementary number theory module. I will discuss how it is study of positive integers particularly the primes and give some cryptography applications. What is a good hook to stipulate in this talk regarding an introduction to elementary number theory?

I need to give an option talk about elementary number theory module. I will discuss how it is study of positive integers particularly the primes and give some cryptography applications. What is a good hook to stipulate in this talk regarding an introduction to elementary number theory?

Dear Everyone, Here is the question: "Prove that if $k$ divides the integers $a$ and $b$, then $k$ divides $as+bt$ for every pair of integers $s$ and $t$ for every pair of integers." The attempted work: Suppose $k$ divides $a$ and $k$ divides $b$, where $a,b\in\mathbb{Z}$. Then, $a=kt$ and...

I understand photons and elections fit into the probalistic rules of QM. Are there any other elementary particles (more massive) that don’t obey the point/wave duality?

I am searching sources, which would express purely (without any other expression on how the data was obtained, etc.) elementary origins of the universe. As we would have certain artistic visualisation on how our Mars rover would operate on landing on mars, are there sources which give data on...

... and how were these then able to go on to form atoms?