Factors Definition and 428 Threads

Hello! I am reading about laser cooling, and I see people talking about the Frank Condon factors. It seems to be just a vibrational overlap integral, but I found different definitions in terms of whether is just the integral or its square (the difference is huge, so it should matter). What is...

What environmental factors cause Multiple Sclerosis? I’ve had MS 27 years and have a wealth of knowledge except for the why. I’ve had the disease knowingly since 1997. Trying to communicate with others regarding all things regarded medical miracles.

Let me start by showing the problem as it appeared in the text. Attempt : ##{\color{red}{\large *}}## The key thing is to do the problem in a "good way", whereby I can express ##x^3+y^3=f\{(x+y), (x-y)\}## purely, with no cross terms - and that is not what I am able to do. Below I reproduce...

I tried to prove this but I fall into a loop when I try to apply integration by factors, that is I prove that the integral is equal to itself. Any helpfull tips?

I am looking for experimental nucleon form factors from electron-nucleus scattering. Is there any compliations or tables? In 'The proton charge radius ', H. Gao and M. Vanderhaeghen, Rev. Mod. Phys. 94, 015002 (2022), p. 24, there is 'world data on the proton and also the neutron'. In 'Form...

Greetings all, I'm new here and hope I'm asking this in the correct thread. So, the question is; where you have a vacuum created by a "flow through" liquid witin a large diameter container exerting suction force upon a smaller diameter input tube submerged in a liquid, does the surface area of...

Hello. Would you please explain the factors that determines the opening time of a program or a big file. For example if you have a large excel file, why would you have a difficulty to open it, if it is very large? If it is in your PC's main storage, that is either HDD or SDD, is it reading...

My first approach; ##(a-b)^3+(b-c)^3+(c-a)^3=a^3-3a^2b+3ab^2-b^3+b^3-3b^2c+3bc^2-c^3+c^3-3c^2a+3ca^2-a^3## ##=-3a^2b+3ab^2-3b^2c+3bc^2-3c^2a+3ca^2## what i did next was to add and subtract ##3abc## ...just by checking the terms ( I did not use...

Queries regarding MKS to CGS system for the following formulas. Force - Newton (MKS), Dynes (CGS) Work - Joule (MKS), Ergs (CGS) 1N = 10^5 dynes. 1J = 10^7 ergs. How the above unit conversion formulas are derived ?

[url="https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/probabilistic-factors-involved-in-disease-and-virus-testing/"]Continue reading...

When a Mars Simulation Goes Wrong https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/06/mars-simulation-hi-seas-nasa-hawaii/553532/ The article came across my desk (computer screen). Human behavior is complicated. I'm more interested in the technical side of space travel, specifically the...

Preface: I am new to physics and am trying to learn on my own, though I hope to take a class soon. I looked for a forum for beginners but didn't see one, but this seemed to be the closest forum. So I hope I can get some help with my question here. If it is the wrong forum, feel free to...

Error Vector Magnitude is widely used in the telecommunication industry to assess the performance of the users. In the given formula, Sr(n) is the received symbol and St(n) is the ideal symbol. N is the total number of symbols received. I have a Multi-User MIMO system simulation where there are...

$\textbf{5.t.11 }$ McKinley HS Find x for $f(x)=0 \quad 5+i\quad 5-i\quad $ $\begin{array}{rl} \textsf{factored} &f(x)=(x-1)[x-(5+i))(x-(5-i)]\\ \textsf{foil} &x^2-x(5+i)-x(5-i)+(5-i)^2\\ \textsf{expand} &x^2-5x-xi-5x+xi+25-2i+i^2 \\ \textsf{simplify}...

Hello I have problems with this exercise Find the elementary divisors and invariant factors of each of the following groups a) $G1= Z_6 \times Z_{12} \times Z_{18}$ , b) $G_2= Z_{10} \times Z_{20} \times Z_{30} \times Z_{40}$Thanks

how they got that value for the scale factors h?

Have a look at O5 & O6 in Eqtns(5.4) . Why is there a (V+A) ? (V+A) contains the projection operator which projects out the right Weyl from a Dirac spinor. As per the Feynman rules of electroweak theory, there is a (V-A) assigned to each (Dirac) spinor-W boson vertex because W only couple to...

In a bag there are m white balls and n red balls with mn = 200 and there are more white balls than red balls. If two balls are taken randomly at once and the probability of taking two different colored balls is \frac{40}{87} then the value of 2m + 3n is ... A. 30 B. 45 C. 50 D. 70 E. 80 Okay...

Hi all, I'm studying the compression spring design issue that occurred in a machine design application. As illustrated below, spring is bouncing or oscillating after impact to a stopping surface (1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4) and eventually stop after few bounces. Ideal case for this application is to...

Hi there, bored physicist here. I wondered about factorization so I made some plots and a model fit to satiate my curiosity, but it only made me more curious. Now I just want the answers! I didn't know which prefix to use. "Hobbyist" seemed more appropriate but we don't have that so I went with...

I get 2^5 x 3^80 Am I correct?

My idea was to consider first the structure of the matrix element and to see if there are any possible constraints that we could use for parametrization. If I am not mistaken, we are dealing with the hadronic decay governed by QCD which conserves parity. Since we have a derivative operator...

I seem to be getting an unsolvable integral here (integral calculator says it's an Ei function, which I've never seen). My thought was to use Bernoulli to make it linear and then integrating factors. Is that wrong? The basic idea is below: P(x) 1, Q(x) = 1/2(1-1/x), n=-1, so use v=y^1-...

I am lookin designing balancing resistors for series capacitors and understand that I need to consider the leakage current from the capacitors. I am trying to determine factors that would case the insulation resistance to decrease over time so I can design around that.

The ranked order from most to least effectively reducing the widths of the primary maxima is: A>D=C>B. I know that doubling the wavelength of incident light will double the width (y) of the fringe. This means that doubling the frequency of incident light will reduce the fringe width (y) by half...

I'm thinking about the large (for the 1960's) farm tractors I drove, that produced lots of low end torque, and max RPM was ~ 1800 ~2200 (from memory). Are there certain design factors to maximize horsepower at these low RPMs, versus a common auto engine that might peak around 5,000-6,000 RPM...

Apologies for my fairly undescriptive title, I'm having trouble coming up with a better one. I'm simply trying to verify whether my understanding of this problem is correct. 1. Pushing the oven up a ramp 4m long would require more force (my reasoning here is based on the results of a lab which...

I read the following two points: Temperature is indirectly proportional to surface tension. Adding impurities affect the surface tension of the molecules. Adding soluble impurities increases the surface tension whereas adding sparingly soluble impurity decreases the surface tension. Why...

To be more precise the generator has to be able to produce around 1.5 Watts from a person spinning its axis, which is why I was thinking of putting a gearbox in my design but I need to know how much Torque would it take to spin the axis and at what rpm would the generator be effective.

In the attachment in eq. (1.6) I don't understand why is ##H-B = B/(1-D)##? Where does this relation come from?

I seek recommendations and testimonials for books that enumerate the unique factors of the Earth-Moon system that gave rise to life on our planet, its place in the solar system, and the solar system's place in the Milky Way galaxy. If you have read any books on that topic, I would appreciate...

Contact me to add more! Let's build a master list! To change To Multiply by acres hectares .4047 acres square feet 43,560 acres square miles .001562 atmospheres cms. of mercury 76 Btu/hour horsepower .0003930 Btu kilowatt-hour .0002931 Btu/hour watts .2931...

I was studying about atomic masses and realized that even if we say that the atomic mass unit corresponds to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon atom. why is it that even particular isotopes of elements have atomic mass in decimal values. 1/12 of a carbon atoms mass should equal to the mass of a...

This is no homework. I have come across a conjecture in a book called The art of the infinite:the pleasures of mathematics. I want to understand how to prove it. Homework Statement Consider a 3-rhythm starting with 2: ## 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17...## The each number in this sequenc has the form...

Suppose A is a $5\times5$ matrix such that det(A)=2. Let $$E=\left[\begin{array}{c}0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array}\right]$$ then $\left[\begin{array}{c}0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 &...

If we define Q factor as 2*pi* energy stored/ energy dissipated per cycle, what's the physical insight behind obtaining low phase noise for oscillators when we have high Q factors? (I know the mathematical derivation based on finding the frequency profile of an oscillator (like LC oscillator)...

Homework Statement Let ##n## be odd and a composite number, prove that all of its prime is at most ##\frac{n}{3} ## Homework Equations Some theorems might help? Any ##n>1## must have a prime factor if n is composite then there is a prime ##p<√n## such that ##p|n## The Attempt at a Solution...

Let $$g(n)$$ be the numerators of the elements of the recursion $$i(n)=i(n-1)+\frac{1}{i(n-1)}$$ when they are expressed in simplest form, with $$i(0)=1$$. Let $$p$$ be the smallest prime factor of $$g(m)$$. Show that $$p>4m-4$$.Homework Equations Euler's Theorem? The Attempt at a Solution OEIS...

Homework Statement Your blowing up a balloon at a rate of 300 cubic inches per minute. When the balloon's radius is 3 inches, how fast is the radius increasing? Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I know the answer to this question. It is approximately 2.65 inches per minute, what my...

Homework Statement What factors affect enthalpy of fusion? Also, does structure affect enthalpy of fusion?

1. y' + y = x y2/32. The problem states we need to solve this ODE by using the method of integrating factors. Every example I found on the internet involving this method was of the form: y' + Py = Q Where P and Q are functions of x only. In the problem I was given however, Q is a function of...

Hey! :o Let $K$ be a normal extension of $F$ and $f\in F[x]$ be irreducible over $F$. Let $g_1, g_2$ be irreducible factors of $f$ in the ring $K[x]$. Show that there exists $\sigma \in G(K/F)$ such that $g_2=\sigma (g_1)$. If $f$ is reducible over $K$, show that all its irreducible...

Is the maximum attainable vacuum from a water aspirator directly proportional to the pressure being forced through the tube of the aspirator? Are there any factors other than water temperature that will affect the vacuum performance of an aspirator? My idea goes like this, I've got an...

Homework Statement I have following eq: (x)^3 -12(x) -16=0 How to find x-4 a factor of this eq. This means we have: (x-4) (x^2 + 4x +4) =0I don’t know how to get the above. Homework Equations (x)^3 -12(x) -16=0 The Attempt at a Solution I can't go beyond that: (x)^3 -12(x) -16=0 X(x^2...

Consider, two fields interact with each other and the interaction term of the action is given. Now the Lagrangian density is Fourier transformed and the interaction term of the action is expressed as an integral over the momentum space. How is the integrand related to the form factor?

If you have 2 integers n and n+1, it is easy to show that they have no shared prime factors. For example: the prime factors of 9 are (3,3), and the prime factors of 10 are (2,5). Now if we consider 9 and 10 as a pair, we can collect all their prime factors (2,3,3,5) and find the maximum, which...

Hi forum, I've been thinking about efficiency factors, I've read that they are more efficient at higher loads? I was wondering why this is... On the one hand at higher loads (maybe lifting a heavier mass) the rotation rate is reduced so this reduces energy losses due to friction? (so goes with...

The partition function should essentially be the sum of probabilities of being in various states, I believe. Why is it then the sum of Boltzmann factors even for fermions and bosons? I've never seen a good motivation for this in literature.