Fluid Definition and 1000 Threads

FLUID (Fast Light User Interface Designer) is a graphical editor and GUI builder that is used to produce FLTK source code. FLUID edits and saves its state in text .fl files, which can be edited in a text editor for finer control over display and behavior.After designing the application, FLUID compiles the .fl file into a .cxx file, which defines all the objects from the .fl file, and an .h file, which declares all the global ones. FLUID also supports localization of label strings using message files and the GNU gettext or POSIX catgets interfaces.

A simple program can be made by putting all non-interface code (including a main function) into the .fl file, thus making the .cxx file a single source file to compile. Most programs are more complex than this, so other .cxx files can be written that call the FLUID functions. These .cxx files must #include the .h file, or they can #include the .cxx file so it still appears to be a single source file.
Normally the FLUID file defines one or more functions or classes, which output C++ code. Each function defines one or more FLTK windows, and all the widgets that go inside those windows.
Widgets created by FLUID are "named", "complex named", or "unnamed". A named widget has a legal C++ variable identifier as its name (i.e. only alphanumeric and underscore), and is defined by a global variable or class member that will point at the widget after the function defining it is called. A complex named object has punctuation such as '.' or '->' or any other symbols in its name. In this case, FLUID assigns a pointer to the widget to the name, but does not attempt to declare it. This can be used to get the widgets into structures. An unnamed widget has a blank name and no pointer is stored.
Widgets may either call a named callback function that one writes in another source file, or one can supply a small piece of C++ source and FLUID will write a private callback function into the .cxx file.

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  1. R

    How do you compute the circulation of this fluid (path integrals)

    Homework Statement A fluid as velocity field F(x, y, z) = (xy, yz, xz). Let C denote the unit circle in the xy-plane. Compute the circulation, and interpret your answer.Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Since the unit circle is a closed loop, I assumed that ∫ F * dr = 0 (the ∫ symbol...
  2. X

    Calculate h if the fluid in the manometer is mercury

    Homework Statement A venture flow-meter can be designed as shown in the figure. At position 1 the velocity is 0.5 m/s, and pressure is 1.3 bar. The cross section area at 1 is two times the area at 2. The fluid inside the manometer has a density ρ, and the fluid column has a high...
  3. C

    Fluid Mechanics textbook Recommendations - 1st year Mech Eng

    Hi, I've done a search and I know that other people have askled for a good textbook for fluid mechanics for a 1st year Mech Eng student however, I'd like to find one with a lot of worked example ploblems. I'm finding my course notes are too far a jump from the simple examples our lecturer...
  4. T

    Divergence of velocity of incompressible fluid in uniform gravity

    Hi! The velocity field as a function of poisition of an incompressible fluid in a uniform acceleration field, such as a waterfall accelerated by gravity can be found as follows: The position is \vec{x}. The velocity field is \vec{v} = \frac{d\vec{x}}{dt}. The constant acceleration field...
  5. M

    Fluid mechanics: linear momentum Quick question

    Im confused with the sign convention... From my notes I have that for mass flow rate: Entering is -m and leaving is +m momentum : Entering (-m)(+v) and leaving is (+m)(-v) Example: for a rectangular control volume, let's say, left side is point 1 and right side is poinit 2...
  6. R

    Fluid Mechanics: Compressible Fluids, density function

    Homework Statement "Suppose that a liquid has an appreciable compressibility. Its density therefore varies with depth and pressure. The density at the surface is ρ0 (a) Show that the density varies with pressure according to ρ=ρ0ekp where P is gauge pressure at any depth and k is the...
  7. M

    Drip chamber pressure effect effect in fluid administration

    Hi .. I am referring to a a typical IV set administratin of fluids. I am seeing reference in the literature mentioning that bottle height is from the fluid release level to the drip chamber in which you can see some air gap between two level of liquid(call it lower and upper!). According to...
  8. T

    Fluid velocity vs pressure in taper.

    I have been running this question through my mind. If you apply pressure to a fluid (with say a piston) through a straight hole then the faster you push it through with applied pressure then the more back pressure it builds. Until eventually it pretty much locks up. I understand that...
  9. T

    Fluid flow through a pipe - Conservation of mass and/or momentum?

    Homework Statement The Attempt at a Solution So first I found the density of the air coming in and going out. Next I used conservation of momentum with two forces caused by the pressures at the entrance and the exit of the nozzle. I end up getting 1004 which is not the same as...
  10. K

    Van de Waals fluid in Free energy, Enthelpy representations

    Compute the coefficient of expansion α in terms of P and V... Homework Statement Compute the coefficient of expansion α in terms of P and V for an ideal Van der Waals gas Homework Equations (p+a/v^2)(v-b)=RT The Attempt at a Solution Is this as simple as solving for a? How...
  11. D

    Question about fluid dynamics (calculating concentration)

    Hi all, I have a question about calculating the concentration of continuous air and carbon monoxide flowing through a pipe. If the gas cylinder originally has 20% CO and 80% air and it will be diluted by another gas cylinder of air, how do you account for temperature, pressure, and...
  12. T

    Fluid mechanics - Conservation of mass problem

    Homework Statement Here is the question along with my attempt: As you see in my second equation there are two unknowns, A_out and dm/dt. I think my problem is that I don't exactly understand the equation. dm/dt is the net mass flow rate. For example if dm/dt is a positive number then there...
  13. M

    Adding stirring force acting on the fluid

    when you stir fluid in a beaker of fluid, how is the motion on the fluid by the stirring rod calculated? the fluid is represented using smoothed particle hydrodynamics lagrangian method so that I can look at fluid as a bunch of spheres interacting with each other through a sort of force...
  14. T

    Plasma Fluid Mechanics - Convective Derivatives

    Homework Statement Use the continuity and momentum conservation equations for a single species to construct the following "convective derivative" equation for the fluid velocity: \frac{\partial\vec{v}}{\partial t}+\vec{v}\cdot\nabla\vec{v}=\vec{g}-\frac{1}{\rho}\nabla p...
  15. D

    Question about fluid flow and pressure in pipes

    Does a pipe have to be completely filled with a fluid to measure its pressure? For instance if I have a small diameter pipe that diverges to a bigger pipe. The small pipe will be completely filled with water, but will the bigger pipe be? If the bigger pipe is only half full of flowing water...
  16. A

    FLuid Flow through a Divergent Section

    Hi, Can Someone Elaborate the fluid(water) Characteristics Such as Velocity n pressure When it passes through a divergent Part. Actually The Fluid is pumped Out from A 0.5HP Centrifugal Pump and then made to pass through a Divergent Part.
  17. Astronuc

    Computational Fluid Dynamics by John D. Anderson

    Author: John D. Anderson Title: Computational Fluid Dynamics: The Basics with Applications Amazon Link: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0070016852/?tag=pfamazon01-20 Prerequisities: Calculus, Introductory Physics and/or Aerospace Engineering, Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer Level...
  18. J

    Fluid Mechanics Problem Creating a Mesh

    We are beginning a project in my Intermediate Fluids class to make a program that can do aerodynamic analysis on an air foil. First, given any three nodal coordinates (x,y) of a triangle, we must write a program to compute its surface vectors and area of the triangle. The nodes will be in...
  19. B

    Basic Fluid Dynamics: Calculating Exit Velocity & Mass Flow Rate

    Hi guys and girls, I hope you can help an electronics engineer out of his place in the mechanical world:rolleyes: My very basic question is for a vessel holding a liquid at a given pressure and a given opening in the vessel how can i calculate exit velocity and mass flow rate? Like if i...
  20. J

    Probability fluid velocity and quantum entanglement question

    Hey everyone, I'm a second year undergraduate student in aerospace engineering and I've been learning a bit of quantum mechanics for the past few weeks, for recreational purposes. I've been following this textbook: http://www-thphys.physics.ox.ac.uk/people/JamesBinney/qb.pdf On pages 40-41...
  21. S

    Mixing of fluid streams in rivers

    Walking round a local amenity area today brought this photo of a side stream cut off by the local river in spate flowing past from left to right in the picture. The river water is reddy brown and the side stream grey-green. The two waters are not mixing as can be seen by the well defined...
  22. M

    Fluid mechanics, bernulli equation: reference points

    Can anyone give me some advice on where I should take my points of reference when using bernulli equation. I know the point will vary according to the problem, but can one say, always begin looking for this and that and apply the equation... Then move to this and that, etc
  23. S

    Fluid Dynamics - increasing pressure

    I am working on hobby project with almost no budget. I bought some "nice" (cheap & simple) electronic solenoid valves for water flow. I've since discovered that they need 3PSI to open. Which is ok for the supply lines. But the drain line requires that as well. Now I either need a column of water...
  24. L

    Calculating the average divergence of the flow of fluid in a box.

    Homework Statement A cube of side 5cm is placed in a fluid. For the following velocity values, calculate the average divergence of the flow. Is there a source or sink within this box? The velocities are given in cm/s. The cube is oriented so that the +z axis exits the front face, the +x axis...
  25. P

    I want to do an egg drop by submerging the egg in fluid. Which fluid is best?

    The basic idea is to package an egg so that it will not break when I drop it off a roof (assume 10m tall). The packaging should be as small and lightweight as possible. I know using a fluid will be rather heavy, but I'm still curious about his. How would I determine the optimal fluid to use? I...
  26. E

    Solving for the Constants in Fluid Flow through a Pipe

    Hi, I'm looking at the solution to a question on fluid flow through a rigid pipe. Original equation: \mu u = 0.25r^{2} dp/dx + Aln(r) + B After applying boundary conditions: \mu u = 0.25dp/dx (r^{2} - a^{2}) I don't understand how the constants have been solved for. Below is as far as I get...
  27. M

    Understanding bulk fluid motion under Lorentz force

    I am trying to understand how the Lorentz force affects bulk fluid motion when I have an applied electric field (y-axis), applied magnetic field (x-axis) and bulk fluid velocity (z-axis), all orthogonal to each other. I understand that if the fluid was at rest, an electrostatic force would...
  28. P

    Probability Density Functions in Fluid Mechanics

    Hi all, For an exam I'm required to be able to plot the PDF of a fluctuating velocity function, say u(t)=sint(wt), using what they call the "graphical technique", but handily I can't find it anywhere in the lecture notes, and I'm struggling to find anything with a standard Google search...
  29. M

    Predicting Lorentz force fluid particle trajectories

    I am trying to understand how the Lorentz force affects bulk fluid motion when I have an applied electric field (y-axis), applied magnetic field (x-axis) and bulk fluid velocity (z-axis), all orthogonal to each other. I understand that if the fluid was at rest, an electrostatic force would...
  30. P

    Fluid mechanics: Flow and velocity of a fluid

    I've rencently been thinking about several systems related to fluid mechanics, and I've asked myself the following question: If I have a cylidrical tank with a small hole in the bottom (the surface area of the hole is small in comparison with that from the tank) and I'm filling the tank with...
  31. P

    Weight of a fluid when I put my finger in it

    Hi. I was asking myself the following question. What happens if I have a fluid at rest inside a container, and I introduce my finger in it without applying any force to the walls? Will the weight of the whole system change? My intuition says no (If I don't exert a force on the fluid this...
  32. B

    Need help on basic fluid volume calculation

    Need help on basic fluid volume calculation! Hey guys, I need some help calculating a volume. Ok, so say we are given a pressure vessel with an 88ci volume @ 4500psi which is then regulated down to 100psi and we open a valve for 0.1 second. How many cubic inches of air would be released...
  33. B

    I need help with a Fluid Mechanics problem

    the probem is from the book: Fundamental mechanics of fluids by I.G. Currie is from the chapter 4 ( 2 dimentianal potential flows ) is the problem 4.4: . Consider a source of strength m located at z = −b , a source of strength m located at z=- a^2 / b , a sink of...
  34. E

    What causes an increase in boundary layer thickness in fluid flow?

    hi all,i have recently started studying a subject heat transfer,in which i learned that there are two types boundary layers.one is velocity boundary and other is temperature boundary layer..now my question is that..boundary layer thickness increases in flow direction,what is the physical...
  35. J

    Can any one help with this Fluid mechanics question please?

    Homework Statement A shaft of diameter 74.9mm rotates at 1400rpm in a bearing which is of diameter 75.03 mm and 75mm in length. The annular space between the shaft and the bearing is filled with oil of viscosity 0.096 kg/ms.By assuming a uniform velocity gradient in the oil, determine the...
  36. V

    Idealized Fluid: Pressure & Force Tangential to Surface

    1. The problem statement... The textbook I am using states that an idealized fluid cannot sustain a force tangential to its surface. Can anyone expound upon this argument? This statement is an introductory exploration of pressure and is cited as the reason that the force dF exerted by its...
  37. T

    What Are the Best Fluid Mechanics Textbooks for Aspiring Students?

    I am interested to know what book(s) others would recommend to someone aspiring to learn fluid mechanics from and what kind of preparation would be required for that book. I am an undergraduate student and have completed courses in single and multivariable calculus, linear algebra, ordinary...
  38. K

    Fluid mechanics: defition of shear flow [rate of deformation tensor]

    fluid mechanics: defition of "shear flow" [rate of deformation tensor] I'm studying old undergraduate chemical engineering notes for an exam in grad school. Can't recall what this really means, can anyone explain to me what "off-diagonal elements" means and why the trig function velocities...
  39. tomwilliam2

    Incompressible vs constant density fluid flow

    This may sound like a basic question, but it's just to get it clear: When describing fluid flows, does the term "incompressible" mean exactly the same thing as "constant density"? I was under the impression that if a fluid cannot be compressed, then its density must remain constant for any...
  40. E

    Fluid Statics - Forces on Submerged Surface?

    QUESTION Rainwater collects behind the concrete retaining wall shown in the figure. If the water saturated soil (specific gravity 2.2) acts as a fluid, determine the force and center of pressure on a 1-m width of the wall. PROBLEM 1. What does it mean by 1-m width of the wall? Is it 1-m...
  41. P

    Question about fluid mechanics

    Hi, I am trying to work with the problem of keeping a solid body at equilibrium over an orifice. To see what I mean ( not necessarily a sphere could be a cube or something like that as well ) please look at the image I have attached. I am trying to work with the sphere case first and then...
  42. R

    Rotating Bucket Dynamics: Oil vs. Water Surface Shapes

    Homework Statement Consider a bucket quarter filled with oil. When the bucket is rotating with the angular velocity ω, derive the equation of the surface h(x), where h is measured from the lowest of the surface and x is measured from the rotational axis. Does it change if we replace oil by...
  43. G

    What are some alternatives to lubricant oil for industrial testing purposes?

    Hi, I am a mechanical engineer, therefore I am no very experienced in chemistry I need to find a fluid similar to lubrificant oil in density and viscosity, but with low oiliness I thought to gasoline, but it is very dangerous for my aim. I have to test on the production line some components...
  44. D

    What is the Tension in the String Holding a Submerged Cork?

    Homework Statement A cork is held at the bottom of a bucket of water by a piece of string. The actual depth of the cork is 0.713786 m below the surface of the water. If the density of the cork is 157 kg/m3 and the volume of the cork is 3 cm3 , then what is the tension in the string...
  45. S

    Defining Low and High Speeds in Fluid Resistance: Utilizing the Reynolds Number

    Hi all, I know that for low speeds, the fluid resistance is F=kv while at high speeds, it's F= Dv^2. However, how do I ever know what is defined as a low speed and high speed? This kind of explanation is so qualitative and I think a quantitative one is better. Thanks all!
  46. C

    Where can I learn all of this? Fluid Physics

    I've been attempting my Physics homework and realize I have no idea how to do any of the problems. Instead of asking each of them, I figured I'd ask if anyone knew where I could find a general lesson plan for this section. Here are some of the problems. All help is appreciated :). 1) A...
  47. P

    Loop of pumped fluid slowly falling into black hole.

    You have this loop of water (or some other "incompressible" fluid) with a nuclear powered water pump that constantly pumps the water in a circle. This loop is slowly lowered near the event horizon of a black hole, let's even make it a super duper massive black hole to minimize tidal effects...
  48. L

    How Fast Can Water Flow from a Kitchen Faucet on the Third Floor?

    Homework Statement water in main pipe at the street level is at a gauge pressure of 170 KPa and is moving with neglibible speed. A pipe connected to the main pipe is used to deliver the water to kitchen located on the third floor of a building, at a 15-m height from the street level. what is...
  49. F

    Fluid Mechanics HW How pressure in a tank affects exit velocity of a fluid

    I'm just a bit lost on how to find the change in pressure. I've posted a picture of my work thus far.
  50. Egregious

    Simple question about fluid pressure (medical injection)

    Hello, and thank you kindly for considering my question. Background: Medical needles come in gauges such that a smaller gauge represents a larger needle. Scenario: Doctor Jack says "18 gauge needles are best for this procedure", but Doctor Jane says "27 gauge needles are best because...
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