Fundamental Definition and 947 Threads

I'm still undergraduate and want to explore various branches of physics. I just feel that I like theory more and that's it. However I'm curious which branch of theoretical physics allows you to explore fundamental aspects of universe. I've heard that String Theory, QG, HEP etc. only sound sexy...

Can anyone explain why the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus are called "Fundamental"? The algebra theorem states that every non-constant single-variable polynomial with complex coefficients has at least one complex root. The calculus theorem states that an...

Use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to find the derivative of the function g(x) = \sqrt{x}\int sinx Ln(t) \frac{cos(t)}{t} dt g'(x) = lnx cosx / x. By integrating this function, you receive the function g(x). Then by differentiating g(x) you receive g'(x) which is what is...

Hi, I'm very new to special relativity and have a very basic question. A and B are moving from each other at a speed of v at some instant a light flashes in the space. A records: At time t a light flashed at x B records: At time t' a light flashed at x' Here is what I...

What's the minimum number of objects required for a force to be present? I assume it's 2, because you'd need one object to be moved and the other to apply the force. Is this correct? Thanks

Could electrons be non-fundamental particles. What if electrons are made of other matter particles. Could these particles interact with each other and exist but had not been given much thought about its existence because the electron alone explains much phenomena except wave-particle Duality...

I'm graduating with a B.S. in physics and I will soon be starting a Ph.D. program in nanoscale science, which is essentially an applied physics program. I chose this program because my undergraduate research was focused in this area and I've really enjoyed it. However, I'm wondering if my...

Is energy more fundamental than time or vice versa? Is Momentum more fundamental than position or vice versa? Is the quantization of energy, more fundamental than the quantization of charge, or vice versa?

Alright I've been going crazy with this problem. I'm building an electrostatic loudspeaker. In order to get it right I need to find the Fundamental frequency of the vibrating membrane. This membrane will be of an elastic substance, Mylar. Approx. 5 microns think with a young's modulus of about...

The usual perception is quantum field theory is not fundamental since it has divergence. A fundamental theory must always be finite, like string theory. But in the physical sense, a fundamental theory means it is valid at any arbitrary energy scale. We know that non-renormalizable theories...

gravity: Fg = GM1M2/r^2 electro-magnetic: weak force: strong force:

So, the area under a curve is determined by F(b) - F(a), how does that take into account the changing area between the two extremes, a and b? I mean, since F(b) and F(a) are specific values at the ends of the graph, how is the area in between figured into it, especially if the graph is really...

Homework Statement A harpsichord string of length 1.60 m and linear mass density 25.0 mg/m vibrates at a (fundamental) frequency of 450.0 Hz. (a) What is the speed of the transverse string waves? (b) What is the tension? (c) What are the wavelength and frequency of the sound wave in air...

Is there something in string theory that requires strings to be the most fundamental structure?

Does the Fundamental Theorum of Algebra prove that imaginery numbers have to exist for our number system to be complete?

Fundamental Frequency! [SOLVED] A nylon string is stretched between fixed supports 0.75m apart. Experimental plucking of the string shows that several standing waves can exist on the string. Two such standing waves have frequencies of 225Hz and 300Hz with no other frequencies in between. Q1...

I'm an Electronic and communication Engineer, and I'm living in the Caribbean, and i want to study MSc in Quantum Fields and Fundamental Forces Imperial College London, since in its description seems very likely what I'm looking for, which is,... I'm looking a course that can place me in...

This is not important, but it's been bugging me for a while. I'm struggling to see how the locally constant sheaves of vector spaces on X give rise to representations of the fundamental group of X. The approach I've been thinking of is the following. Given a locally constant sheaf F on X...

We used to think gravity and electromagnetism were the two fundamental forces of nature until we discovered the strong and weak nuclear forces. Can we be wrong again and discover more forces. If not, then how are we so sure?

Now this might seem to be a very stupid question. But neverthless, I don't understand why the fundamental quantization of energy must be hv? why not any value lower or higher like hv^2 or h/v^2. Is it possible to prove that this value of quantization is most favourable than any other value...

What are the fundamental base units for Force and Volume? I think its cm3 for volume but not completely sure.

Is the second law of thermodynamics fundamental? Like Newton's laws for example. I'm having doubts about the increase of entropy of any system. Poincaré stated the recurrence theorem which goes against the increase of entropy of a dynamical system with respect to time. By this theorem, a...

What are the odds that any particular big bang will result in the 20(?) fundamental parameters having the values that will allow life to form?

The "Strand Model" of fundamental interactions [Mentor's note: This thread is a consolidation of three different threads which were started in our Beyond the Standard Model forum. They were moved to our former Independent Research forum, because in our view this represents a "new" or "personal"...

Sources say if lines are parallel they will repel else try and merge which I don't agree and even see practically. Suppose we have 2 opposite charges facing each other, the lines are parallel, they should repel. Similarly if 2 equal charges are facing each other, the direction of the lines...

Homework Statement A stretched wire vibrates in its fundamental mode at a frequency of 384 Hz. What would be the fundamental frequency if the wire were half as long, its diameter were doubled, and its tension were increased five-fold? Homework Equations F=...

1.Calculate the fundamental frequency of a steel rod of length 2.00 m. What is the next possible standing wave frequency of this rod? Where should the rod be clamped to excite a standing wave of this frequency? first, i used the formula velocity of sound in the rod v=sqrt(Y/p) where...

Homework Statement If G is a finite abelian group that has one subgroup of order d for every divisor d of the order of G. Prove that G is cyclic. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution

When one compares the fundamental solution for Laplace's Equation one might note that in 2 dimensions this solution becomes unbounded as r goes to infinity while in 3 dimensions the solution goes to zero as r goes to infinity. Now I understand both mathematical derivations so my question is...

Homework Statement A tube closed at one end and open at the other has a fundamental frequency of 242 Hz. What is the fundamental whenboth are open? Homework Equations f (open and closed) = v/4L f (open) = v/2L v sound = 343 m/s The Attempt at a Solution f1 (open and closed) =...

One of the harmonics on a string 1.4 meters long has a frequency of 18.4 Hz. The next higher harmonic frequency is 23.9 Hz. (a) What is the fundamental frequency of the string? f1 = Hz * 5.5 OK (b) What is the speed of the waves on the string? v = m/sec the...

Homework Statement A guitar string is 90.0 cm long and has a mass of 3.17 g. From the bridge to the support post is 60.0 cm and the string is under a tension of 506 N. What are the frequencies of the fundamental and first two overtones? (f1,f2,f3) Homework Equations v=sqrt(FT/m/l)...

Homework Statement Find a function f : [-1,1] ---> R such that f satisfies the following properties: a) f is continuous b) f is restricted to (-1,1) is differentiable c) its derivative f' is not differentiable on (-1,1) Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I kinda...

The filament of a bulb when it gets heated to some threshold level generates the visible light. My query: 1. Why is it called electromagnetic then? Here, if i understand correctly, the waves are produced by the energy emitted by the transition of the electrons between various orbits of the...

How do we show that the fundamental group of the disk D^2={(x,y) in RxR: x^2 +y^2< or eq. to 1} is trivial? I know how to show that the fundamental group of the circle is isomorphic to the group of the integers under addition, but for some reason, I don't see a way to show that the...

A convincing way to reason inverse square law (of classical EM and gravity) is a conservation of the field lines as one proceeds away from a source... http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/HBASE/forces/isq.html It appears as a reasonable and intuitive thing to expect... but, it does NOT seem...

Could someone validate if this is correct? for waves with antinode/antinode or node/node ends if the fundamental frequency is f1 then f2 = 2f1, second harmonic and f3 = 3f1, third harmonic but for waves with antinode'/node or node/antinodes at the ends then if fundamental frequency is...

The question is to prove that the fundamental group of the circle S^1 is isomorphic to the group of integers under addition. So I think I should show that the following map Phi is an isomorphism. Phi: F(S^1, (1,0)) --> Z defined by Phi([f])= f*(1) where f* is the lifting path of f (...

in Thermodynamics, in a book i have read that during expansion of a gas(system), W(on system by surroundings)=-ve..They have proved it using W=-force(external)*displacement. They are saying as displacement is positive and force is always considered as positive, W=-ve. But, how did they determine...

Homework Statement Can y = sin(t^2) be a solution on an interval containing t = 0 of an equation y'' + p(t)y' + q(t)y = 0 with continuous coefficients? Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution y = sin(t^2) y' = 2tcos(t^2) y'' = 2cos(t^2) - 4t^2sin(t^2) 2cos(t^2) -...

1. The problem is: A guitar string is 78 cm long and has a mass of 3.6 g. The distance from the bridge to the support post is L = 60 cm, and the string is under a tension of 505 N. What is the frequency of the fundamental? I don't get why it gives me two distances. Which one is L? 2. The...

Could some one help me understand the difference and the similarties between Coulombic fundamental force and Gravitational fundamental force?

Homework Statement A vibrating string on a violin is 330 mm long and has a fundamental frequency of 659 Hz. What is its fundamental frequency when the string is pressed against the fingerboard at a point 60 mm from its end? *The answer is 805 Hz Homework Equations f = \overline{}nv/2L...

For a second order linear differential homogeneous equation, if the two solution y1 and y2 is a multiple of one another. It means that it is linearly dependent which mean they can not form a fundamental set of solutions to second order differential homogeneous equation. Am I correct?? or...

Cells are constantly being replaced at a high rate, but why does our skin wrinkle nonetheless? When you workout or are involved in any physical activity, and you eat enough protein, muscle tissue is being built and repaired. Why do reflexes slow? It's still the same or nerve channels being...

Homework Statement The length of a string is 1440 cm. The string is held fixed at each end. The string vibrates in eight sections; i.e., the string has eight antinodes, and the string vibrates at 150 Hz. What is the fundamental frequency? Answer in units of Hz.Homework Equations f = nv / 2L...

Is it possible for a harmonic (produced by a stringed instrument) to have an amplitude higher than the fundamental. If so how?

The fundamental definition of temperature is T^{-1} = \frac{dS}{dE} How can I verify that the dimensions work in this equation?

Homework Statement A 40-cm long string, with one end clamped and the other free to move transversely, is vibrating in its fundamental standing wave mode. If the wave speed is 320 cm/s, the frequency is: A) 32 Hz B) 16 Hz C) 8 Hz D) 4 Hz E) 2 Hz Homework Equations v = \lambdaf L =...

Hi all :D, Is there such a thing as fundamental equations that are at the root of all physics? Thanks PS If yes- then please provide a link to it if possible. Thanks