Fundamental Definition and 947 Threads

I'm not sure if this is the right place to post- sorry if it's not. ********* Does anyone have an image or link to a website that shows the relative strengths of the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces as a function of energy? I like it as a way to explain spontaneous symmetry breaking...

1. Unit mass of a fluid at a pressure of 3 bar, and with a specific volume of 0.18 m3/kg, contained in a cylinder behind a piston expands reversibly to a pressure of 0.6 bar according to the law p = c/v2, where c is a constant. Calculate the work done during the process. 2. P1V1=P2V2 3. I know...

Hi all. It's been a few years since I've posted here, but it's remained a great go-to resource for me. Any time I have dealt with mechanical vibrations, the fundamental frequency was based on a constant stiffness. However, I have never encountered the subject of finding the fundamental...

Please could somebody explain why the fundamental frequency always has the biggest amplitude in comparison to the rest of the harmonics?

hey pf! i'm trying to get a geometric understanding of the fundamental theorem: \int_a{}^{b}f'(x)dx=f(b)-f(a) basically, isn't the above just saying that if we add up a lot of slopes on a line at every point we will get the difference of the y values? thanks! feel free to add more or correct me

We all know that there four fundamental forces in nature, viz. The gravitational force The electromagnetic force The strong nuclear force The weak nuclear force Now also we know that temperature of any system is the average kinetic energy possessed by the particles of the system Now...

Could someone help me understand the four fundamental forces? I'd like to set up a thought experiment as well: Let's break up our solar system into individual atoms, and create a gas cloud about the size of our solar system. All things like they are, the gas should slowly come together...

Hi folks -- I was reading some (non-technical) work by Frank Wilczek, in which he stated that any fundamental theory -- that is, well behaved in the E →∞ limit -- must be a local gauge theory. Does anyone know of the reasons for why this is thought to be the case? Even sketchy remarks...

I'm in 11th grade of high school and I'm currently in Advanced Pre-Calc and AP Stats and I am teaching myself Physics from a textbook at home (which is Algebra based) because of my intense interest in physics. I also taught myself how to differentiate (on Wikipedia) because of the boredom I felt...

Why exactly is it that the Higgs field is not considered a fundamental force? Since the Higgs Boson has been confirmed would that not make it a force as it's presence has been confirmed by the discovery of the boson for the field?

Hellow! A simple question: if exist the fundamental theorem of calculus for line integrals not should exist too a fundamental theorem of calculus for surface integrals? I was searching about in google but I found nothing... What do you think? Such theorem make sense?

1. What (property) makes a photon less likely to decohere/(entangle with the environment) relative to other "fundamental" particles (non leptons?) such as an electron?...say during single particle interference experiment Photon single particle interference can done without the need for a...

Here is the question: I have posted a link there to this thread so the OP can view my work.

Hi everyone, long time lurker, first time poster. I've just begun a phd which involves nanoribbons (a small strip of a 2D material connected at either end to a larger 'bulk' section of the same 2D material). A question has occurred to me. These nanoribbons look a lot like a piece of string...

Hello, There has been lot many articles, write up(s) pointing out the difference between classical and quantum physics. Well, I know that there has been thousand and one articles written on the topic, but my point is to find out the basic fundamental difference. One point is quiet evident...

Homework Statement a flexible wire is 80 cm long has a mass of 0.40g. It is stretched across stops on a sonometer that are 50 cm apart by a force of 500N. Find the fundamental frequency with which the wire may vibrate. If it vibrates in 2 third overtone, what is it's frequency?Homework...

Homework Statement The derivative of an integral with a constant as its lower bound and a function as its upper bound is the function at its upper bound multiplied by the derivative of the upper bound. The Attempt at a Solution How come the constant term has no bearing? I understand...

Hi guys! I'm kind of stuck in my review here in Quantitave on the Polynomial part :confused: Homework Statement A. The first problem I had is Problem 7 on the link I will provide which has this. (x + y)3 + (x-y)3 = ? B. The second problem I had is Problem 8 on the same link I will...

I know that motion today is usually generated by - generating a varying magnetic field and varying it in relation to a fixed one - ccombusion engines Are there other "fundamental" approaches to generate motion, or is that pretty much it? Your input is appreciated, thanks!

I'm sorry if this is in the wrong place but I believe the answer is geometric in nature somehow. So as a young physics student it is banged into your head that vectors/tensors are genuine geometric and algebraic "objects" and the coordinates by which you label them are metaphysical, so to...

I'm nearly done with my first semester of college as an electrical engineering student. I'm doing pretty well other than in my physics class which I am struggling. I'm maintaining around a C+ right now. While it's passing, I know I can do much better. The class is late at night and I can't...

To the best of my knowledge, General Relativity considers Momentum to be as fundamental a thing as Energy. However, in day-to-day descriptions of Things in Physics, Momentum always seems to be dependent upon something else (such as Mass in motion). It seems to me that if Momentum was truly a...

Hello PF. Homework Statement Find a function g such that \int_0^{x^2} \ tg(t) \, \mathrm{d}t = x^2+x Homework Equations From the fundamental theorem of calculus: f(x) = \frac{d}{dx}\int_a^x \ f(t) \, \mathrm{d}t The Attempt at a Solution After taking the derivative of...

I was reading this recent Scientific american article which I found interesting, and was spurred on by it to ask a couple of questions. Is the mathematical concept of fundamental point particle currently a basic postulate in physics(let's take as current physics the QM based-QFT modern...

Let ##f(x,y)=(x,y,h(x,y))## be a parametrization of the graph ##T_h## of ##h:\mathbb{R}^2\to \mathbb{R}##. Compute the first fundamental forms for ##T_h## and also compute the second fundamental form. For the first fundamental form. I got that ##f_u = \langle 1, 0, f_u \rangle## and ##f_v...

Hi, everyone. I once saw a science program with the danish astrophycisist Jens Martin Knudsen, who said that there exists seven absolutely fundamental constants of nature, and if one of these were changed ever so slightly, it would lead to drastic changes in the whole universe. So my...

This is still not clear to me. Here's the conjecture: Assume that f:[a,b]\to\mathbb{R} is such function that it is differentiable at all points of its domain, and that \int\limits_{[a,b]}|f'(x)|dm(x) < \infty holds, where the integral is the ordinary Lebesgue integral. Then also...

Since temperature is just average energy per mole why is it a fundamental quantity ? Can't we simply have the unit of temperature as Joule / mole ?

Homework Statement The problem and my (incorrect) work are typed and attached as TheProblemAndMyWorkTypedUp.jpg. Homework Equations Integral from a to b of f(t) = F(b) – F(a) The Attempt at a Solution As mentioned above, my work is attached as TheProblemAndMyWorkTypedUp.jpg. (The (2 –...

Homework Statement A longitudinal standing wave can be created in a long, thin aluminum rod by stroking the rod with very dry fingers. This is often done as a physics demonstration, creating a high-pitched, very annoying whine. From a wave perspective, the standing wave is equivalent to a...

How are the normal, static friction, kinetic friction, gravity, electrical and magnetic forces related to the four fundamental forces of nature? I have a 13 year old asking and I am not sure what to say! Any help is kindly appreciated.

Whenever I ask someone what an electromagnetic field is exactly, they say that science does how questions, not why questions (which doesn't really make sense in this context, maybe i worded my question differently). We say that there are four fundamental forces that create the universe we live...

So there is a proof that the sum of any two even numbers is an even number. 2k + 2l = 2(k +l) We have written the sum as 2 times an integer. Therefore the sum of any two even numbers is an even number. An essential part of this proof is that k + l is an integer. How do we know this? Is it an...

why are many fundamental laws of nature formulated in the form of differential equations?

Hello, I'm getting slightly confused by the following so was hoping someone may be able to clear my problem up. For integrals, if b is the upper limit and a is the lower limit, I will write ∫[b,a]. From the Fundamental Theorem of calculus part 1 we can show that: if F(x) = ∫[x,a]...

From the Greiner (Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics) on the relationship between the number of microstates of two systems and the total entropy: ...for two statistically independent systems the total number of compatible microstates \Omega_{tot} is obviously the product of the...

Hello everybody! So, I've learned that in a path connected space, all fundamental groups are isomorphic. Indeed, if ##\gamma## is a path from ##x## to ##y##, then we have an isomorphism of groups given by \Phi_\gamma : \pi_1(X,x)\rightarrow \pi_1(X,y): [f]\rightarrow [\overline{\gamma}]\cdot...

As I understand it, a lot of what is taught about quantum mechanics are special techniques for solving problems. I'm not a physicist, so something like perturbation theory is not what I'm after. To be more specific, i would like to know the minimum that is necessary for "doing" quantum...

Hi Appologies for formatting issues this is the first time I have submitted something to the forum. I have a pretty simple problem, I am just going through the derivation of the First Fundamental Form and I think I am missing something in the derivation. If we have a point x = (x1,x2)...

I'm interested in reading about the fundamental limits imposed by known physics on distorting spacetime in ways that bring two masses closer together so that speed of light travel time between them is reduced. I'm familiar with the concept of inflation theory. I think of it as a rapid...

I am confused about what I think should be the most basic concepts in quantum mechanics.. As far as I understood, a system that can be in only one of two states, can literally be only in one of those two states, right? So if I were to make a hypothetical measurement of the configuration of...

Hi, I just learned about the First Fundamental theorem of calculus. From my understanding, it talks specifically about definite integrals. I was wondering if there is any sort of theorem that proves that the derivative of the indefinite integral of a function is equal to the function itself...

Homework Statement Metric ansatz: ds^{2} = e^{\tilde{A}(\tilde{\tau})} d\tilde{t} - d\tilde{r} - e^{\tilde{C}(\tilde{\tau})} dΩ where: d\tilde{r} = e^{\frac{B}{2}} dr Homework Equations How to calculate second fundamental form and mean curvature from this metric? The Attempt at a...

Hello I have heard that Greens, Stokes and the Divergence theorem is the equivalent of the fundamental theorem in multiple dimensions. But is there some way to show the result under: if F(x,y) = \int_{-\infty}^x\int_{-\infty}^yf(x^{*},y^{*})dx^{*}dy^{*} this implies that...

Anyone read the article on this? http://phys.org/news/2013-06-precise-quantum-electrodynamics-constrain-fundamental.html I made an effort to read to arXiv paper, but I'm still working on my understanding of QFT, so I didn't get too much out of it.

Homework Statement It is observed that a tube open at both ends exhibits harmonics at 438 Hz, 584 Hz, and 730 Hz. A) Calculate the fundamental overtone of the tube. B) Calculate the length of the tube. Homework Equations L=lambda/2 x n, v = f x lambda The Attempt at a...

I have always interested in psychology and never properly studied psychology in my life. But over the years I have learned about many things by learning about famous psychology experiments. However I cannot seem to get sufficient enough information to ‘understand’ human’s fundamental social...

If one knew the equations for the 5 fundamental forces, would that not explain the entirety of all physical phenomenon in the universe? (Presuming there were not undiscovered forces?) Or would something like quantum mechanics not be explainable via those interactions? Does the nature of the 5...

Gravity pulls things down.Things then gain kinetic energy.When you lift something it has gravitational potential energy.I know that potential energy is transformed into kinetic but according to the law of conservation of energy, potential energy must also be transformed from some other type of...

I'm sorry if I posted this is the wrong section, but I was wondering if fundamental forces evolve? In other words, can universes evolve. Since stagnant ones eventually die out. And the successful ones produce black holes; transferring matter into a whole new beginning.