Interaction is a kind of action that occurs as two or more objects have an effect upon one another. The idea of a two-way effect is essential in the concept of interaction, as opposed to a one-way causal effect. Closely related terms are interactivity and interconnectivity, of which the latter deals with the interactions of interactions within systems: combinations of many simple interactions can lead to surprising emergent phenomena. Interaction has different tailored meanings in various sciences.
Hello!
I would like to ask about any software package, where interaction between a moving particle and a monolayer can be simulated. What i need to get is a spectral angular density distribution in the far-field zone within optical frequency range for a problem when a particle crosses a...
I was wondering if protons exchange strong nuclear interaction/force with other protons or do protons exchange strong nuclear interaction/force with just neutrons OR do all protons and neutrons exchange strong nuclear interaction/force with all protons and neutrons. Protons exchanging strong...
Hello,
I know that the gravitational force is the weakest of all forces (it is 10^-38 times weaker than the strong force), so it isn't possible a particle to decay through gravitational interaction. As far as I know, the strength of fundamental forces can change during different ages of the...
When the spin of an entanglement particle is established, it is said that the corresponding spin of its entangled twin is revealed immediately, (via wave collapse?), and that this interaction can occur across a substantial distance. It has also been said that this immediate interaction can occur...
Since light is entirely incapable of slowing down, what happens when light approaches a black hole such that it's trajectory passes through the exact center of the black hole? It seems, based on what I currently know, this would mean that the gravitational force pulling on the light would be in...
Why is it required that interactions between fields must occur at single spacetime points in order for them to be local? For example, why must an interaction Lagrangian be of the form \mathcal{L}_{int}\sim (\phi(x))^{2} why can't one have a case where \mathcal{L}_{int}\sim\phi(x)\phi(y) where...
I think this thing came to my mind some times after I studied Electromagnetism when I studied Physics; otherwise, I would have asked it to my professor. (Incidentally, I'm still studying and I'm involved in Electromagnetism, but for a totally different course :wideeyed:)
We know from Coulomb's...
what are the generalised and more quicker ways of finding Force that multiple charges (4 charges along the y-axis and x-axis at most) exert on the origin charge Q. i have used a cartesian plane to try solve for the vectors but seem to not get to the right answer.
I read in this http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.05658']paper[/PLAIN]
"Unfortunately, the derivation of the Dyson series perturbation expansion relies on the use of the interaction picture, in which the interacting field is unitarily equivalent to the free field"
It may be obvious but could you tell...
What is the interaction Lagrangian of matter and graviton fields?So(on the answer)we can say about the nonrenormalization.Why is the divergence of two gravitons diagram able to be the limit of the coincidence of the verties.So we can say about the nonrenormalization.
Hello all,
If I am having the the effective lagrangian which is actually free + interaction lagrangian (obtained from the minimal substitution for pseudoscalar and vector mesons). then how to compute the vertices of the interaction ?
I have taken into consideration of all symmetry breaking...
Schrödinger equation for N-particles is:
U_{System Potential Energy}(r_1,r_2,r_3,...,r_n,t)-\sum_{n=1}^{n_{max}}(\sum_{d=0}^{d_{max}}(\frac{d^2Ψ(r_1,r_2,r_3,...,r_n,t)}{dx_n^2})*\frac{ħ^2}{m_n})=i*ħ \frac{dΨ(r_1,r_2,r_3,...,r_n,t)}{dt}
Where \sum_{d=0}^{d_{max}} is summation over dimensions...
I have seen 4 things happen when 2 bubbles come towards each other.
1) I have seen 1 or both bubbles pop
2) I have seen the bubbles bounce off each other
3) I have seen the bubbles come together and stay there
4) I have seen complete fusion of the bubbles into 1 bigger bubble that then...
When we start by postulating local SU(2) gauge invariance for our weak isospin doublets
\begin{align}
\psi &= \begin{pmatrix}
\nu_{e} \\
e^{-}
\end{pmatrix}_{L}
\end{align}
etc., we have to introduce massless gauge fields to preserve the Lagrangian's invariance. For SU(2) this demands 3...
When current flows through the armature winding of a dc motor, what exactly happens in there that produces the torque? Is there a force due to the interaction between two magnetic fields or Lorentz force acts on the conductor electrons? Basically, why does motoring effect take place? Is it due...
The problem statement.
When an exercises say " the interaction in a QFT has dimensions Δ" , what does it mean?, it means the field or the Lagrangian has this mass dimension?
In this exercise I'm trying to find the classical beta function (β-function) for the assciated couling.
In QFT, we can expand the propagator and obtain the diagrammatic expansion to build up the Green's function. If we have a hamiltonian of the type H = H_{0}+V, where V is the perturbation, we can build up the Feynman diagrams,and if we could build up all of them to infinite order, we would...
Hi there, so my question is as follows.
I understand that only the weak interaction can change the flavour of a quark, but why?
Idea 1: It's due to the change in flavour also meaning a change in mass, thus a massive exchange particle is needed (gravity is negligible so forget the massive...
Hello everyone,
I would like to ask a couple of questions related with the interaction mechanisms of photons and electrons with matter. Through searching about this subject, I have concluded that they both have different penetration depth and different interaction mechanisms. But apart from...
What are the conditions necesairy to collapse a wave function of a electron, photon or an atom (alpha particle mostly?).
Wavelength? Asking because I cannot understand why in this video the wave function does not collapse in this box.
Seems like in the outside there should be massive...
Hi,
What is the basic idea about particle interaction in QM?
Say you have first one single charged particle in an "empty universe". Here I think the first issue is given: That's impossible, you'll need masses (or better: energy) from a GRT view. Okay, say we watch this single charged...
Hi there,
I've been reading a textbook on Physics as applied to nuclear medicine, in particular focusing on how photons interact with matter. The textbook states (without reference) that "there are nine possible interactions between photons and matter, of which only four are of significance to...
Regarding interacting green's function, I found two different description:
1. usually in QFT:
<\Omega|T\{ABC\}|\Omega>=\lim\limits_{T \to \infty(1-i\epsilon)}\frac{<0|T\{A_IB_I U(-T,T)\}|0>}{<0|T\{U(-T,T)\}|0>}
2. usually in quantum many body systems...
Homework Statement
A metal sphere, with charge q1=-2.80μC is held still and off the ground on an insulating rod. Another smaller metal sphere with charge q2=-7.80μC is projected towards q1. When the two spheres are 0.80m apart, q2 moves at 22ms-1.
Assume the spheres are point charges, neglect...
I was studying my notes and specifically for the ##e^+e^- \rightarrow \mu^+ \mu^-## process, cross section is given by
\sigma = \frac{4\pi}{3} \left( \frac{\alpha \hbar c}{W} \right)^2
where ##\alpha = \frac{g_{EM}^2}{4\pi}## and ##W## is the centre of mass energy.
Is this the same for...
As I understand it, the fundamental unit of interaction in QED is a term with a pair of (spinor) electron factors and a (vector) photon factor, represented in a Feynman diagram as two (anti-)electron lines and one photon line meeting at a vertex.
I get the case where the photon and electron...
I just want to know what is the effect of proton spin & coloumbs repulsive force & nuclear interaction on binding energy.
Plzz explain with derivation.
I just want to know what is the effect of proton spin & coloumbs repulsive force & nuclear interaction on binding energy.
Please explain with derivation.
I have just started reading about a classical electromagnetic treatment of light-matter interaction (beginning with dispersion relations, and then moving on to the standard phenomena - reflection, refraction, etc.). The discussion begins with a forewarning that light is not 'continuous' as the...
I learned that photons can exite and ionize electrons in an atom, bring them to higher energy level etc. However I've seen a few questions on electrons bombarding electrons in an atom and exiting the orbital electrons to higher energy level.
Is this the same as the photoelectric effect when...
"An interaction is required to manifest physical reality because it creates distinctions."
my friend referring to the double-slit experiment, is it true?
He said that the physical world, in order to exist, we need to interact (with our senses) lol
Hello.
I'm looking for a good book that explains light matter interaction comprehensively and specifically addresses photoluminescent materials (such as phosphor powders).
I wanted this reference to get detailed answers to, e.g.:
what is the mechanism of scattering, absorption and emission...
Homework Statement
Two horizontal parallel conducting rods are connected such that a conducting crossbar free to slide along them has a constant current I running through it (Figure 1) . The rods are separated by a distance ℓ and are in an external uniform magnetic field of magnitude B directed...
The question is for which of the ##1P## meson states - ##1^{1}P_{1}, 1^{3}P_{0},1^{3}P_{1}, 1^{3}P_{2} ## ##D_{s}## states decaying to a ##1S## state is the decay: ##D_{s}**^{+} -> D_{s}^{+}\pi^{0} ## possible?
Solution
So the strong interaction conserves parity. Parity of meson is given by...
I won't go into any details because it is really not important.
In class we handled a problem dealing with an incoming photon that crashes into an electron, the electron gains momentum and a new photon is emitted too.
My first question is about Maxwellian E&M. I understand that according to...
Homework Statement
[/B]
1.) A muon is created by a cosmic ray interaction at an altitude of 60km. Imagine that after its creation, the muon hurtles downward at a speed of 0.998, as measure by a ground-based observer. After the muon’s “internal clock” registers 2.0μs , the muon decays?
a.) If...
I did the math and figured that Fel between two protons at 1 mm is 2.307E-22 N, and the Fg at the same distance is 1.867E-36 obviously these values change with the number of protons, and distance. this is an issue because I'm trying to imagine a hypothetical object as charged as possible while...
Homework Statement
Neglecting hydrogen-bonding, calculate the interaction energy between
(i) H3O+ and H2O and
(ii) H3O+ and H3O+,
if each pair is separated by 0.3 nm and assuming that the aqueous solvent can be treated as a medium with constant relative permittivity. Using your result...
Homework Statement
Estimate the energies of interaction at 25 °C between (i) two hydrogen molecules and (ii) two nitrogen molecules, if each pair is separated by 0.3 nm. Explain fully and clearly your reasoning and any assumptions you make in your answer. State the source of the values of any...
Homework Statement
(c) (i) Neglecting hydrogen-bonding, calculate the interaction energy between (i) H3O+ and H2O and (ii) H3O+ and H3O+ , if each pair is separated by 0.3 nm and assuming that the aqueous solvent can be treated as a medium with constant relative permittivity. Using your result...
Can anyone help with an ongoing argument we are having. When a particle interacts with a vector field e.g. the electric field, it experiences a force trying to move it which depends on the particle charge and the local field condition, - but when it interacts with a scalar field e.g. the Higs...
I´m looking for a software that would allow me to test atom interaction acurretly in 3D, with public variables (i.e. customizable parameters) like the pressure and the temperature. I´m looking for something that takes into account S, P, D orbits with their real shape and the real numbers of...
I found this in a Phd thesis
consider a two level atom interacting with the electromagnetic field.
The atom is described by
##H_{at} = \hbar ω_0 J_z##
a monomode electric field is described by
##H_{em} = \hbar \omega (a^\dagger a + 1/2)##
We have ##E = E_0(a^\dagger + a)## and the dipolar...
Homework Statement
I have to study the effect of the three body potential given below on the baryon spectrum.
Homework Equations
V(rij,rjk)=∑i≠j≠k≠i -V0(exp[-mrij]/mrij)(exp[-mrjk]/mrjk)
where V0>0.
The Attempt at a Solution
Where can I find a discussion about this potential? I have no idea...
The standard Heisenberg picture equation of motion is $$i\hbar\frac d{dt}A_H=[A_H,H],$$ assuming no explicit ##t##-dependence on the Heisenberg-picture operator ##A_H##. I've been trying to go directly from this equation to the corresponding interaction-picture equation, $$i\hbar\frac...
Hi everyone,
I have a simple and foolish question.
I want to compare the energy of a given mass (obviously e=mc2); let's say the energy of a hydrogen atom, with the energy that binds together the fundamental particles of that atom (strong interaction). I know that e=mc2 holds always true, and...
Dear all, this is my first thread in the forum.
I am trying to solve the following problem. it was given during a written exam at my university (many years ago) and I really would appreciate if someone will help me to solve it
1. Homework Statement
Show that if the hamiltonian of the strong...