Ion Definition and 406 Threads

Hi! If I dissolve MgCl2 in distilled water, will it form into [Mg++] + [Cl-] + [-Cl] ? or [Mg++] + [Cl2--]? -And Why? is it because of stability constants? -Also Are there any intermediate steps in the process? Similarly, If I dissolve MgSO4 in distilled water, without electric currents or...

Can anybody tell me what actually is difference between between electron hole and positive ion.

This is an idea I had and felt it worth publishing. The reason fusion is so difficult is because the particles are so light, small, and have difficulty overcoming the coulomb barrier. Well I got to thinking and noticed that it'd be a lot easier to get heavy nuclei to fuse, but naturally they'd...

Homework Statement Why does NH3 readily form complex ions with the transition elements but NH4+ does not? Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Is it because the transition elements are much more receptive to reacting with a base than with an acid because in fact the...

Homework Statement (a) Explain the term Hydrogen like ion and determine the quantum numbers l,m for the Li2+ ion in the states for which n=1 and n=2. (b) Explain why for a hydrogen-like ion it is reasonable to use the relations, \mu\approx{m_e}, {E_n}=-13.6\left(\frac{Z^2}{n^2}\right)...

Hey guys, I asked this before but I don't know where the thread is, and now it's more detailed, haha. So attached is a png of the trap design. I'm trying to make a function on MATLAB where I can predict the ion's movement/oscillation. So the E1-E5 are electrodes, which have a combined...

Homework Statement Calculate number of channels present in a lipid bilayer q = 1.6^-19; D (diffusion constant) = 1.2E-9; C (Concentration); 4.36; k = 1.38E-23; T=298; d = 2.5E-9 Therefore G1 = 1.27E-17 Channel area = 7.07E-18 measured conductance (from injecting Na+...

Homework Statement In natural water containing 0.9 mmol/L calcium and 12 ug/L fulvic acid, determine the fraction of the fulvic acid that is bound to calcium (i.e. the ratio between the concentration of Ca-FA and total concentration of FA binding sites), assuming that calcium is the only metal...

Homework Statement A beam of ions enters a region in which the electric field E and magnetic flux density B are normal to each other and both normal to the velocity of the ions. Show that if the velocity of the ions is related to the fields by v=ExB/B2 then the ions pass through the...

A quick google search reveals conflicting opinions on whether or not this will have a negative impact on battery life. I carry my laptop outdoors with me every day on my walk from the train to the hospital, do I need to worry about the cold ruining my battery?

Does anybody know how to find bonding force of an optical electron and the nucleus of ion Cr3+ (in pink ruby during normal and excited states (excitement of light))? And also how to find the magnetic moment of the same electron during EPR (during excitement by a radiowave)? Condition of the...

Homework Statement 21.76g Cr(III) Sulfate is dissolved in enough water to give 500.0 mL of solution. 10.00 mL of this solution is pipetted into a 250.0mL volumatric flask and diluted to the mark. a) Calculate the molarity of Cr(III) Sulfate in original solution b) Calculate the molarity of...

I'm x-posting this from the Aerospace Engineering forum, to see if I can get more responses here -------- I'd read about the investigation into using C60 fullerenes as propellant in an ion engine, due to their high molecular weight and low ionization energy...

Not asking for a schematic, more a notion of roughly how challenging this will be.

An ion of 64Zn30+ with an initial kinetic energy of 9.88 keV is accelerated across a potential difference of 277 Volts. What is its kinetic energy after acceleration (in keV)?

This is probably something I should know, but I don't want to wait and ask my professor. In the combustion of H2, assuming O2 is plentiful enough not to be a limiting reactant, H2O forms as a result of the O-H bond being more stable than the bonds between two H or two O. Is this due to the...

Homework Statement The ion source is a spectrometer produces both singly and doubly ionized species, X+ and X2+. The difference in mass between these species is too small to be detected. Both species are accelerated through the same electric potential difference, and both experience the...

Hi All, A potassium channel is designed to filter out potassium ions at a maximum rate of 100,000,000 ions s-1 A common concentration (cell's interior) of potassium is 100 mM and 5 mM outside. This means there is 553 water molecules for 1 potassium ion inside (55.3/0.100) and 11,060 water...

Hi, I am trying to test the validity of a simple lithium ion battery model that I consctructed to better understand the internal stress caused by the diffusion. I have referenced several papers and I am currently looking at how to calclualte the partial molar volume for a given material. To...

I know H_2^+ is a bound state of an electron and two protons, but what's \text{HD}^+? Is the D just a stand-in for an arbitrary nucleus that may, or may not, be a proton? I found the following website with information about this cation that leads me to believe that the "D" is not just a...

I was arguing with my NASA friend the other day about what would make a more efficent propellent for an ion engine. Is it a lighter ion or a heavier ion. THis was what I derived. Assume a charge q of mass m is accelerated through a potential V. The mass of the ship is M. Working through...

Hi there, I've got a distribution function for an assignment for my school here and I don't get the hang of the question; f(x) = θ* 2^θ * x^(-θ-1) for x>2 0 for else The assignment is to calculate the Cramer-Rao lower boundry for consistent estimators...

Hi, I m 21 and am studying Chemistry in my spare time, I haven't done it since i was 15 so I am only a beginner and i do not understand simple things lol, Here's one such example; carbonate ion, CO3^2-, is a polyatomic anion with 1 carbon atom and 3 oxygen atoms. The ion has two units of...

Homework Statement How many moles of solid sodium fluoride should be added to 1.0 L of a saturated solution of barium fluoride, BaF2, at 25OC to raise the fluoride concentration to 3.0 x 10-2 mol/L? The solubility product constant for BaF2 is Ksp = 1.7 x 10-6 at 25OC. The Attempt at a...

Homework Statement Explain, in two or three sentences, why the O7+ ion can be considered to be a hydrogen-like ion. State what subatomic particles it is composed of and how many there are of each Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I know the correct answer to...

Learning device, help me expound: on Faraday's choice of "ion", and "unionized" So I was writing down some notes to myself on electrochemistry (100 level college chemistry---elementary electrochemistry chapter) and I wrote down the word "unionized" (as in, 'un-ionized') and realized that there...

Homework Statement Large electric fields in cell membranes cause ions to move through the cell wall. The field strength in a typical membrane is 1.0x10^7 N/C. What is the magnitude of the force on a calcium ion with charge +e? Homework Equations E = F/q > F = Eq The Attempt at a...

Homework Statement A singly charged proton ion of 7 Li has a mass of 1.16E-26 kg. Starting from rest it is accelerated in the positive x-direction through a potential difference of 165 kV. The ion then enters a uniform magnetic field that has magnitude 0.325 T and is directed in the negative...

How can you know if a complex ion has an optical isomer or not? I understand that it's when the mirror image can't be superimposed but am having trouble recognizing it. For example, take [Co(NH3)4F2]+. Does this have an optical isomer or just cis/trans?

Homework Statement A mass spectrometer applies a voltage of 2.00 kilovolts to accelerate a singly charged ion (+e). This ion then enters a region of uniform magnetic field (B= 0.400 T) which then bends the ion into a circular path of radius 0.305 m What is the mass of the ion? Homework...

Homework Statement What potential difference is needed to accelerate a He + ion (charge +e, mass 4 u) from rest to a speed of 2.0 * 10^6 m/s?Homework Equations Kf + Uf = Ki + Ui U = qV where V is potential difference (volts) K = (1/2)mv^2 The Attempt at a Solution I chose the rest point to...

Homework Statement A. When current flows in an ionic solution, both negative and positive ions are charge carriers. In the dilute limit, the resistivity of the solution is inversely proportional to the concentration. For example, the resistivity of salt water solution at 25 °C is ρ =...

I got this idea that I could maybe replace the heavy lead acid battery on my motorcycle with a lithium ion polymer battery. I found that you can buy batteries for RC cars that match the power requirements. The lead acid battery is 12 volts, 6Ah. It seams that L.I.P. batteries for RC cars are...

Homework Statement A doubly ionized atom (charge = +2e) whose mass is 5.15E-26 kg is accelerated by a voltage of 3450 V and enters a region where a uniform magnetic field B = 0.100 T acts perpendicular to its motion. What is the radius of curvature of the path of the ion in the B-field...

I'm asked to derive two equations related to ion channel kinetics. First, some background. These are two-state ion channels (open-closed) with the form shown below: http://img9.imageshack.us/img9/2039/testsg5.gif The first equation represents the open probability of the channel...

Greetings, I'm trying to get an intuitive understanding about a process involving an ion mobility that (I'm told) has D = 9.3 x 10-5 cm2/s. I'm assuming that D is a diffusion coefficient. I'd like to know approximately how long it takes for the ion to travel about 10 cm. Would this be...

Leaving the physics out of this, I'm working on an idea for an in home MHD generator. I'm trying to figure out a conductive fluid to use. I'm back to the idea of salt water, or H20 + NaCl. I know this is a very conductive solution, but I'm no chemist. What I plan to do is put a MHD generator and...

Homework Statement we are mixing CuSo4 (Cu2+) with an iron (Fe) powder and we are trying to determine whether Fe2+ forms or Fe3+ now the question is : suppose that 1.0 g of iron is used in the experiment. what is the minimum volume of Cu2+ solution that must be added in order to completely...

Homework Statement The element Be has 4 electrons and 4 protons in the atom. An ion of Be has all the electrons removed except 1, so it resembles a hydrogen atom with a nuclear charge of +4 e. Constants: E1(Hydrogen)= -13.6eV, r1(Hydrogen)= 5.29x10-11m. If a gas is made up of ions...

I'm extremely confused in regards to many aspects concerning polyatomic ions. For one, am I correct in thinking that covalent polyatomic ions gain charges by having components dissociated? Ex. A and B are sharing an electron, A has a significantly greater hold, B is dissociated by something...

Do any of you get this channel? Have you seen the show "Get Out"? It's a travel show where these three girls travel around the world and tell you about it. Oh, and they only wear bikini tops and they only go to tropical areas. I can't get enough of this show. It is so sexist, because these girls...

Hi All, A stupid question for sure (sorry). Does a moving ion, since it carries an electric field, creates some kind of electricity ? (This concept remains unclear for me)

I had a question about the Maxwell SV program and was hopping someone might be able to answer it for me. Using the Maxwell program I have made a whole bunch of different cases of magnet geometries for an 8cm Ion Engine and they all seem to be good. The only problem is that when I try save the...

hello, everyone, I am not in this filed. So I get a simple question. Besides field emission and thermionic emission, is there any other means to excite the eletron and get electron beam. Could anyone tell me some basic similar ways to excite the ion and photon? Thanks.

This is my first post, so please move if it is not in the correct section. Anyway, I would like to read about the physics of ion traps. Can anyone recommend any e-books or textbooks on the subject? I googled it but didn't find many things...

Homework Statement Name of complex ion CuCl4^2- The Attempt at a Solution I wrote tetrachlorocuprate(II) ion and my teacher says it is incorrect. I should write tetrachlorocopper(II) ion

Now scientists can trap one ion in the ion trap. I think this technology is very advanced. In 1986 both of Dehmelt's group and Toschek's group firstly trapped the Ba+ ion. Now after 20 years, the ion trap technology has gotten greater progress. I have some questions. Nowadays what ions have...

My kids have a Peg Perego John Deere Gator tractor that uses a 12v battery. https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000G0KT6Y/?tag=pfamazon01-20 The battery requires monthly charging or it will die. The charge is slow and the winter months are a hassle. I could replace the battery but I'd rather...

Hi all, I'm currently in the works of experimenting and writing up my Extended Essay on Chemistry for the IB (it is basically a very long lab report). I have chosen to do the sub-topic of electrochemistry, within which I am interested to do something on the Lithium-ion battery. However, this...

Homework Statement does the ph increase , decrease or remain the same on addition of each of the folling a) LiF to an HF Solution B) KI to an HI solution C) NH4Cl to an NH3 solution Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution i got the equations and the answers to these i just...