A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. As such, it is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, gas, and plasma), and is the only state with a definite volume but no fixed shape. A liquid is made up of tiny vibrating particles of matter, such as atoms, held together by intermolecular bonds. Like a gas, a liquid is able to flow and take the shape of a container. Most liquids resist compression, although others can be compressed. Unlike a gas, a liquid does not disperse to fill every space of a container, and maintains a fairly constant density. A distinctive property of the liquid state is surface tension, leading to wetting phenomena. Water is, by far, the most common liquid on Earth.
The density of a liquid is usually close to that of a solid, and much higher than in a gas. Therefore, liquid and solid are both termed condensed matter. On the other hand, as liquids and gases share the ability to flow, they are both called fluids. Although liquid water is abundant on Earth, this state of matter is actually the least common in the known universe, because liquids require a relatively narrow temperature/pressure range to exist. Most known matter in the universe is in gaseous form (with traces of detectable solid matter) as interstellar clouds or in plasma from within stars.
A 10g mass is suspended from a string and immersed in a beaker of liquid(Weight of beaker and liquid = 500g). A boy hold the string with his hand not letting the 10g mass touch the bottom of the beaker. (let upthrust generated by mass be X Newton.)
Qn: what would be the reading on the...
I want to circulate cold water through copper tubing curled in a spiral about a fan. I'll cool the water with a large block of ice that I can remove and replace like a battery. To avoid making a mess I can freeze the ice inside of a copper housing, and pump the water in copper tubes around that...
Hi,
I'm trying to calculate the vibrational energy of a water droplet for a given vibrational amplitude.
Rayleigh wrote about this in Proc. R. Soc. Lond., volume 29, 1879, "On the Capillary Phenomena of Jets", Appendix II, but he makes some simplifications (as I understand it) and I also...
Lets say you have planet with 2 Earth radii and 8 Earth masses. The atmosphere is 50 bar and is made up of 85% nitrogen, 10% hydrogen 3% argon, 1% CO2 and 1% other gases. The planets average temperature is 280 K/44 F.
Since CO2 is a liquid at this pressure and temperature would it form rivers...
hi all,
i need to know what relation should i used for subcooled liquid, for example,a rigid tank is filled with water,as its temp is increased its pressure is increased.if i know the initial conditions and final temperature.how should i find out final pressure. i have seen in thermodynamic...
Homework Statement
A U-tube has vertical arms of radii r and 2r, connected by a horizontal tube of length l whose radius increases linearly from r to 2r. The U-tube contains liquid up to a height h in each arm. The liquid is set oscillating, and at a given instant the liquid in the narrower...
I have a enclosed system for cooling bearing housings with oil. I need to calculate the rough pressure that will be produced when the oil pump is switched on. The oil will be pumped from a small tank, through the system and back into the tank.
Pipe diameter = 10.8mm
Pipe length = aprox 2m...
Note: this is not a homework question; this is strictly conceptual in understanding the equations at work in this scenario.
The tank is vacuum-insulated, the liquid is saturated, and the vents have just been opened in order to vent down the ullage pressure. My question is simply how do you...
Homework Statement
A tube of length L=1 m closed at its upper end is immerged vertically, with its openend, in water by a distance l=27 cm. The atmospherical pressure is the normal one. Find the length of the water column that enters the tube. Consider the process isothermal.
Homework...
Homework Statement
This is more of a conceptual question rather than a homework problem. This is my first post, so apologies if this is in the wrong section.
Consider a jar full of liquid in microgravity.
My book says:
According to the formula p = ρgh, p→0 as g→0. Thus there is no...
i have been studying pressure and hydrostatics
and i stumbled upon this
now imagine a container filled with water , and there is a cube in the water
now i know that the weight of the displaced water = the upthrust force
but what bothers me is , how is the water pressure at a certain level...
A magnet only attract ferromagnetic material because they have magnetic domains which will align to form magnetic dipole when external magnetic field applied.
Paramagnet don't have domains. Due to the presence of some unpaired electron, they will cause the realignment of the electron path when...
This seems to be a relatively simple question, yet I'm not sure of the answer.
A balloon filled with helium gas floats in air. If I submerged a balloon or container in a liquid (e.g. water), is there a liquid with which I can fill the container so as to make it float to the surface. What kind...
I was digging a trench next to a building today so rain water would not back up to the buildings wall. Most of the material was soil but there were some large chunks of concrete. The largest chunk of concrete that was too heavy to move was pryed up and supported on the left and right sides with...
Dear all fellow physicists,
I am struggling with the following fluid mechanics problem: considering a liquid film in an "equilibrium" position between two plane walls, I am trying to define the forces acting on the liquid.
Most importantly, gravity is pulling down on the liquid with Fg = m* g...
Homework Statement
Two cylinder shaped vessels of cross section A are fixed vertically to a trolley, which was initially at rest. The two vessels are connected with a thin horizontal tube which is equipped with a tap. The distance between the axes of the vessels is L. The vessel in the left...
So,
Liquid Nitrogen or Liquid Helium to cool Type I(Lead/Aluminum) superconductor?
I know its best to use Liquid Helium, but can I use Liquid Nitrogen and go below the BC of those materials?
My friend and I are trying to design a simple liquid-cooled heat exchanger and I'm getting some odd results so I wanted to get another set of eyes on my math here. We're running four 1.5m sections of nylon tube in parallel through the heat source, which was a thermal input of 265W. The cooling...
Homework Statement
A block has a density of 8.90 g/cm^3 and has an apparent mass of 120g in water and 116g when submerged in a liquid. What is the density of the liquid?Homework Equations
m/(m-mapparent) = p/pliquidThe Attempt at a Solution
Nevermind.
Homework Statement
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
Honestly, I don't have any idea on this. As far as I remember, the usual practice is to equate the excess pressure equal to ##2T/R## (where T is the surface tension and R is the radius of curvature, this may be wrong...
I had a question about the volume of vapor produced from an amount of liquid after increasing the pressure inside a container containing the liquid, then rapidly decreasing it back to the original pressure.
Say you have an amount of water, say 1mL (or another liquid, not sure what descriptors...
Since my high school days, I learned that glass is a liquid. (Science naive students thought glass is solid, and the smarty pants knew it was actually a liquid:) Yesterday, while I was telling this interesting fact to my daughter, my wife argued that glass is solid. I googled to explain them why...
Hi!
So I'm a bit confused: first off, does Fermi liquid theory have "order". I suppose it depends on how you define order. But in case it does, is it described by symmetry breaking?
From what I read, I think it does have order which is not described by symmetry breaking. But then I have...
I have one question about optics because I start interested in it.
If an object is placed a distance p from a thin glass lens (index of refraction n), we can see its image on a screen that is placed a distance d from the lens.
Do you know any formula which can describe this situacion? I found...
Homework Statement
A tank is filled to the depth h1 with a liquid with mass density p Over the liquid surface is an atmospheric pressure po. From the bottom of the tank there`s a tube with cross-sectional area of S. Tube expands to double cross-sectional area 2S while bending up to the...
Hey all,
For a school project, I am trying to design a pad (placed on the floor) which can detect liquid and make a loud buzzing sound immediately upon the detection of the liquids.
Any ideas?
I've been wondering this for a while, I can't figure it out though, it's easy enough for figure it out for petrol vapour, but the problem is with liquids
when Googling it, the ratio 14.7:1 is common, but it seems as if that's for pure Octane.
if someone could also include the method of...
Homework Statement
Saturated liquid CO2 is at T= 293 K and P=5.72*10^6 Pa and undergoes throttling to P=1.01*10^5. The resulting solid and vapor mixture is at T = 195 K. What fraction of the carbon dioxide is vaporized? (The enthalpy of the saturated liquid in the initial state is 24,200...
Hello, recently saw video demonstrating newly developed armor based on non Newtonian liquid. Such armor is being still researched but is very promising, flexible, lightweight and can stop even heavy stabs with sharp pricker, maybe even bullets.
Liquid armor itself is based on two components -...
Is there a way to create visible/"liquid" energy?
Probably a more low-brow topic than you're used to but I have plenty of gadgets, materials and tools at my disposal and I wish to improve the quality of some replicas I've made. A common denominator of any sci-fi gizmo is the glowing energy...
I remember seeing a liquid that changes color when you shake it and then changes back to it's original color when it settles. Does anyone know what reaction this is? I would like to do it for a school project. Also, does this last forever, or will it eventually stop? If this does not work, does...
I have a liquid that is stored at pressure. This liquid is then released to a lower pressure where it should become a gas. The problem is how long does it take for the liquid to turn to gas.
There must be some delay - even a very small one - but how to calculate it.
Example - a jet of...
Hi, I brew beer and part of the process is measuring the specific gravity of the fermenting liquid. This is done visually using a hydrometer. Digital hydrometers are available and very expensive. I'm trying to come up with a way to measure the liquid specific gravity electronically. Typical...
Hi All,
I'm wondering if anyone is aware of a piezoelectric material that is both liquid and is transparent/colorless/ lower refractive index?
Is there database online where I could compare these values? Google has not been kind to me:(
Any help would be so appreciated.
EDIT: I'm not in my sharpest moment. I just found a bunch of posts that discuss this. I'll read them and update this post if I find an answer.
I'm working on a hard-sphere MC simulation (for a class). I want to compute the radial distribution function g(r). To put you in context, as to my...
I have a few liquids and I want to determine the solubility of CO2 in each of these liquids. How can I set up an experiment to do so?
Put the liquids through a CO2 environment and weigh the difference?
Set up an upside-down glass tube (like a mercury barometer) with a CO2 bubble and see how...
Three tablespoons of milk from a glass of milk are poured into a glass
of tea, and the liquid is thoroughly mixed. Then three tablespoons of this mixture
are poured back into the glass of milk. Which is greater now: the percentage of
milk in the tea or the percentage of tea in the milk?
Hi everyone! I am looking for a solution to heat up photo chemicals (I'm doing darkroom printing in a cold garage). I need the chemicals to remain at a fairly steady 20 degrees C, whilst the air temperature is significantly lower (e.g. 7 degrees).
My question is whether or not an infrared...
This question isn't homework but rather a personal project I am working on, I need the following information please:
In the measure of how light elements in the form of gas or other, behave in water or other liquids
Pulling force that the Oxygen has in water as it rises to the surface...
Can anyone explain point 44 of the attached pdf document on surface tension.
(Here's the link in case attachment doesn't work:
http://www.sakshieducation.com/EAMCET/QR/Physics/Jr%20Phy/12Surface%20tension%20_198-208_.pdf
How is the surface tension direction found out?
{i know it...
I am building a liquid fueled rocket engine driven gas generator. I plan to use gasoline for fuel and oxygen gas at a rate of .022lb/sec and O2 at .055lb/sec The chamber is 2.15 in long 1.15 in id with a .238 nozzle. The chamber pressure should be 300 psi with a thrust of 20 pounds. I calculate...
Homework Statement
A vertical right circular cylindrical tank measures 32 feet high and 8 feet in diameter. It is full of liquid weighing 62.4 lb / ft^3 How much work does it take to pump the liquid to the level of the top of the tank?
Homework Equations
h=32
d=8 (radius = 4)
liquid...
I'm trying to make ferrofluid according to this guide:
http://www.sci-spot.com/Chemistry/liqimag.htm
and in step 5 I need to heat the solution to near boiling but I don't have access to a bunsen burner or heating plate. Also I can't do this in the kitchen because this heating is to remove...
So i realize that by putting your thumb over the top of the straw, your eliminating the air pressure from the top. But why doesn't the liquid still fall out the bottom of the straw from gravity, the liquid being more dense than the air below it.
Can anyone explain point 44 of the attached pdf document on surface tension.
(Here's the link in case attachment doesn't work:
http://www.sakshieducation.com/EAMCET/QR/Physics/Jr%20Phy/12Surface%20tension%20_198-208_.pdf)
How is the surface tension direction found out?
Also why is...
Really hoping someone can help here!
Im a product designer, not a chemist/physicist so apologies in advance for any stupid questions. I'm developing a new table lamp which is turned on and off by tilting it. For prototypes I have used a http://www.bareconductive.com/liquidity but this isn't...
I've seen the standard derivation of the expression for liquid pressure
P = dgh where,
d = density of the liquid;
g = acceleration due to gravity;
h = height of liquid column
in many textbooks has been done by using a specific example of a cylindrical vessel.
In such a case, the geometry of the...