Liquid Definition and 1000 Threads

A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. As such, it is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, gas, and plasma), and is the only state with a definite volume but no fixed shape. A liquid is made up of tiny vibrating particles of matter, such as atoms, held together by intermolecular bonds. Like a gas, a liquid is able to flow and take the shape of a container. Most liquids resist compression, although others can be compressed. Unlike a gas, a liquid does not disperse to fill every space of a container, and maintains a fairly constant density. A distinctive property of the liquid state is surface tension, leading to wetting phenomena. Water is, by far, the most common liquid on Earth.
The density of a liquid is usually close to that of a solid, and much higher than in a gas. Therefore, liquid and solid are both termed condensed matter. On the other hand, as liquids and gases share the ability to flow, they are both called fluids. Although liquid water is abundant on Earth, this state of matter is actually the least common in the known universe, because liquids require a relatively narrow temperature/pressure range to exist. Most known matter in the universe is in gaseous form (with traces of detectable solid matter) as interstellar clouds or in plasma from within stars.

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  1. F

    I made liquid oxygen today. I think

    Went to visit a Jr. High today to make liquid nitrogen ice cream. One way is to drop the ice cream mix into the nitrogen. I think we actually made some liquid oxygen accidentally. After doing the dots, we strain the nitrogen through a sieve to catch the ice cream and store the excess in a...
  2. M

    Volume of liquid in a tank using a double integral

    Homework Statement The fluid level in the tank ((1/4)*(x-4)^2 + y^2 == 4) is 7 m on the left edge of the tank (where x=0) and 5 m on the right edge (where x=8). Find the equation of the plane of the liquid, and use a double integral to find the volume of liquid in the tank. [Hint: you should...
  3. N

    Why Liquid Boils: Explaining Saturated Vapor Pressure

    It's hard for me to find the why,bcz most books only give this without any explanation Is there anyone who knows the exact reason?
  4. P

    Separator tank pumps out the liquid so as to keep the tank level

    Hello I have a question please i am not sure about. I work with this machine as a operator but would like to learn more. 1. I have attached a picture of a juice separator tank. The juice enters the separator where the liquid goes to the bottom of the tank and the vapour rises to the top...
  5. M

    Time required for a liquid to change in Temp (thermo)

    Hi this is my first post here. I am attempting to calculate how long it takes for a soda can(355ml) to change from Current room temperature(75F), to say 38F, however the refrigerator or ambient temperature in this case is 35F. I was given a corollary from a friend, but the values I get in...
  6. D

    Which liquid have low specific heat capacity

    can you please state some liquid which is a good heat conductor (which have low specific heat capacity)
  7. U

    What is the wavelength of the helium-neon laser beam in the liquid?

    Homework Statement A helium-neon laser beam has a wavelength in air of 633nm. It takes 1.38 ns for the light to travel through 30cm of an unknown liquid. What is the wavelength of the laser beam in the liquid? (IN NM) Homework Equations v=wavelength*frequency v= d/t The Attempt...
  8. R

    Revolutionizing Everything: Spray-on Liquid Glass

    http://www.physorg.com/news184310039.html On the company's website it states; Certificates and expert’s reports by accredited independent institutes and labs have documented the following properties: * Physiological harmless * Food safe * Compatible with skin and mucosa * Free of nano...
  9. A

    What happens to the pressure of a liquid extracted from a pressurised container?

    Hello all, Consider the following scenario: I have a pipe entirely filled with water flowing through it due to a pump at one end pressurising the fluid. Imagine that underwater, I trap some of the flowing water in a capsule, completely filling the capsule with water, and then closing the...
  10. A

    What Are the Coefficients and Stable Ratios in the Nuclear Liquid Drop Model?

    I have a number of difficult questions regarding this topic! 1. How to find the coeffients of the Liquid Drop model? I have a table of atoms with their masses, and total binding energies. Do I just fit the curve of the B/A vs A to get the coefficients? 2. In a Liquid Drop model, what...
  11. Mentallic

    Water Dispersion: Big vs Small Holes in Tank Bottom

    In which case would water fall out of the tank faster? 1) If I were to take a tank filled with water and bore a large hole in the bottom of it with some area 2) Riddle the bottom of the tank with small holes that have an area that adds up to the area of the first big hole. In one scenario...
  12. K

    How Does Pressure Change Affect Water's Thermodynamic Properties?

    Homework Statement Water, assumed to be a perfect liquid, has a density of 1000 kg/m3 and a specific heat of 4184 J/kgK. The water undergoes an adiabatic, frictionless process in which its pressure is raised from 200 kPa to 1500 kPa. Find: 1. change in temperature 2. change in specific...
  13. K

    How Does Pressure Affect Water's Thermodynamic Properties?

    Homework Statement Water, assumed to be a perfect liquid, has a density of 1000 kg/m3 and a specific heat of 4184 J/kgK. The water undergoes an adiabatic, frictionless process in which its pressure is raised from 200 kPa to 1500 kPa. Find: 1. change in temperature 2. change in specific...
  14. J

    Understanding liquid fueled rocket engines

    I'm troubled by the problem of pumping fuel to a combustion chamber. The big problem is that pressure cannot be directed in some particular direction. So when you see propellant leaving the chamber with a great pressure, it should be kept in mind that the propellant is attempting to leak, with...
  15. T

    Thermal Design Liquid PVT Relationship

    I'm starting a Thermal Design course this semester and I need to come up with some type of thermal based design project. I came up with one idea, but I am trying to determine its feasibility, which is not proving to be very easy. I have been trying to find the correlation between pressure...
  16. O

    Final Pressure & Liquid Boiled Away in a Steel Tank

    Homework Statement A steel tank with a volume of 5 m^3 contains saturated R-134a at 10 Celcius. The liquid is then boiled away and disappears at 50 Celcius. What is the final pressure? How much liquid was boiled away? Homework Equations PV=nRT The Attempt at a Solution I pretty...
  17. H

    Frozen and liquid kerosene difference?

    Homework Statement a ball made of keroseneis put into a liquid kerosene.What happens? Homework Equations ball descends ball floats ball hovers first descends, then ascends. The Attempt at a Solution can anyone help me what kind of kerosene thing is and explain the behaviour of...
  18. DaTario

    Maximum number of mutually immiscible liquid phases

    Hi All When mixing water and oil, one produces an immiscible system of two liquid phases. Some cosmetic products for women offer three immiscible liquids, producing three liquid phases. What is in nature the maximum number of mutually immiscible liquids (that can be all put together with no...
  19. L

    Cheap, Waterproof Material able to withhold a Carbonated Liquid

    Hi, I am Design student at Brunel University London and was wondering if anyone could help. One of my current projects is to design a cheap bottle/container to withhold a carbonated drink. The product must be extremely cheap as it is to be aimed at drink markets in such countries as...
  20. L

    Cheap, Waterproof Material able to withhold a Carbonated Liquid

    Hi, I am Design student at Brunel University London and was wondering if anyone could help. One of my current projects is to design a cheap bottle/container to withhold a carbonated drink. The product must be extremely cheap as it is to be aimed at drink markets in such countries as...
  21. A

    Why does gas have more energy than liquid?

    Hi all, everyone know that molecules hold more energy in their gasous phase than their liquid phrase, i would like to ask why is that so? If i look at bernoulli's equation and the ideal gas equation, let's say both phases are filled in their own containers which has the same volume and...
  22. A

    Loudness of sound in air, liquid and solid

    Hi, It is common knowledge that the speed of sound is greatest in solids, then liquids and finally gases. But just thinking, if all things remain equal, how will the loudness of sound compare in the 3 states? My GUESS is that sound in gases could be the loudest. Loudness is defined as the...
  23. T

    Liquid oxygen explosion blast radius

    OK all since I do not have a physics background I figured I would come to the WWW and search those who did. I am needing some questions answered... here is the badckground info...I work and a Cryogenic plant that has a max of 17000 gallons of Liquid Oxygen and 12000 of liquid nitriogen on hand...
  24. A

    Short existence of liquid water on Mars (explanation related to thin atmosphere)

    I understand that liquid water cannot exists on Mars for extended periods of time because: a) The atmosphere is too thin b) Resulting in a lower boiling point water c) Which leads to sublimification of solid ice into gaseous vapour Quite specifically, I would like to understand the...
  25. L

    Box floating in a liquid and undergoing simple harmonic motion

    Homework Statement A box is floating in a liquid. It is pushed down then released to oscillate. How do I determine the period of this oscillation? No idea where to go with this one. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution
  26. R

    Liquid water on Venus in early history.

    Did Venus have liquid water in it's early history?
  27. L

    Mass of ice to warm a liquid - do I have it set up correctly?

    1. An insulated beaker with negligible mass contains liquid water with a mass of 0.250 kg and a temperature of 76.1C. How much ice at a temperature of -12.5C must be dropped into the water so that the final temperature of the system will be 33.0C? Take the specific heat of liquid water to be...
  28. T

    Band structure and fermi liquid

    Hi everyone! I wanted to ask if in your opinion is it right to say that band structure calculations (and hartree fock calculations) could live in a framework of the fermi liquid theory where quasiparticles are one-electron states (which could be or not could be the case)...
  29. I

    The oscillation of liquid in U tube which has an acceleration

    Homework Statement The U tube contains the liquid.The length of the liquid in U tube is L. If U tube has an acceleration a in X-axis and we make liquid a small oscillation.Find the period of oscillation. The Attempt at a Solution I know the answer is...
  30. G

    Chem: Why more heat released from steam than liquid water?

    I was sick so I actually missed this lesson in class and this wasn't mentioned in the notes I got from a fellow student, nor is it in my textbook. I can't even find a definition for what it means that the heat of condensation is "evolved," so if anyone can fill me in on that I'd greatly...
  31. D

    Vapour Liquid Equilibrium for a two component mixture.

    I am studying vapor liquid eqilibrium for two component systems. There are some things which confuse me right now. These are the questions: - (1) Since there has to be atleast one phase, the degrees of freedom are maximum three. Which means, the degrees of freedom are P, T and composition...
  32. S

    Can diamond have a liquid state?

    In my lecture, my chemistry professor talked about Bonding in Solids. And he asked us whether diamond can melt(in other words, does diamond can have liquid state). And he did not know either. And I was a bit confused. Because in my textbook, it says that Diamond is covalent network solid and...
  33. R

    Question on finding the volume of vapor and the volume of liquid

    Homework Statement On a hot 35 degrees celsius day you perspire 1.0 kg of water during your workout. A) what volume is occupied by the evaporated water? B) By what factor is this larger than the volume occupied by the liquid water? Homework Equations PV=nRT PV=NKbT density of water...
  34. P

    Enthelpy/Entropy question. Br2 liquid to 2Br gas

    Homework Statement Br2 (l) --> 2Br (g) the options are: a. H is positive and S is positive for the reaction b. H is negative and S is positive for the reaction c. H is positive and S is negative for the reaction d. H is negative and S is positive for the reaction e. G Is positive for...
  35. S

    Pressure exerted by a liquid is different to gas?

    Hello everyone, I have made number of topics recently I think they have all stem from my poor understanding in this matter. Ok in a gas, molecules can take up a volume and exert a pressure. Inside a fixed container when you increase the temperature pressure increases because more gas molecules...
  36. fluidistic

    Velocity of a liquid leaving a tank with an angle

    Homework Statement A closed tank contains a liquid of density \rho and a gas (over the liquid) at a pressure P. Suppose there's a little hole (much smaller than the cross section of the tank so that when the liquid flows by the hole, the height of the liquid doesn't change with time) in the...
  37. C

    Gas that turn into liquid have a boiling point?

    I now know that gas can turn into liquid when condition are met (temperature and pressures) But I wonder, Is these liquid from gas have a boiling point? and since at normal temp (room temperature) these liquid turn back to gas state, dose that mean their boiling point are below zero? For...
  38. D

    Calculating Shear Rate for Non-Newtonian Liquid Flow in Non-Circular Duct

    How to calculate the shear rate for the flow of a shear thinning liquid in a non circular duct
  39. N

    Vapour Pressure & Liquid Phase: Explained

    If the vapour pressure of a component is bigger than the system pressure, does it means it will fully in vapour phase and no liquid phase are formed??
  40. H

    Need help finding a gas or liquid that absorbs IR and allows visible.

    I am trying to find a gas or liquid that likes to absorb the lower portion of the IR sperctrum (700–1400nm) but let's visible light pass (380-750nm). It can be a liquid or gas because it is going in a sealed container. I know that water absorbs infrared to a certain extent and that's why the...
  41. D

    Producing, Storing and Using Liquid CO2

    Homework Statement I'm in a class where we want to figure how liquid CO2 can be produced, how to store it, uses for it. Does anyone know any references online that might provide some information for this? Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution The conditions to produce...
  42. S

    Pressure due to boiling a liquid

    I am looking for an equation to determine the pressure produced by boiling a liquid. (On the net I can only find information on the effect that pressure has on boiling point) for example, the pressure produced by heating liquid nitrogen to 0K. Any help would be great! Thank you
  43. I

    Calculating Liquid Levels in Gravity Distributors

    Well, looks like pretty straight forward problem...! Problem: The liquid level in a simple gravity distributor in an Industrial column at 58 m3/hr is 215 mm, when the chosen liquid medium is water at 18 C (Density: 998.6 kg/m3 and Viscosity: 1.06 mPa s). But when a change in liquid medium...
  44. F

    Liquid Pressure: Understanding p=RO*g*h

    http://img18.imageshack.us/img18/3276/lalballs.png This started to bother me today. In the first picture, there's a cup wheres a certain amount of water in it. A ball made of aluminium hasnt been dropped in the cup yet. In the second picture, the ball has been dropped in. The ball has...
  45. N

    Calculate ΔHrxn for Liquid -> Solid Water at -5°C

    Homework Statement What is the heat change in J associated with 80.7 g of liquid water at 5.00 ° C changing to solid water at -5.00 °C? Homework Equations c(H2 O) (liq) = 4.184 J/(g.K) c(H2O) (s) = 2.09 J/ (g.K) DHfus(H2 O) = 6.02 kJ/mol The Attempt at a Solution Δt = 5°...
  46. J

    Is molten iron a good conductor of electricity?

    Is iron electric conductor also when it's molten?
  47. M

    Capacitance of two plates written in terms of height of liquid dielectric

    Homework Statement A liquid-level transducer consists of two parallel plates of conductor immersed in an insulating liquid. When the tank is empty the capacitance of the plates is 200pF. The relative dielectric constant of the liquid is 25. Determine an expression for the capacitance C as a...
  48. EnumaElish

    Liquid ice cream tastes pretty good

    I discovered this by accident and decided to duly inform the scientific community. Same great taste without the hassle (or the cold); it's faster & easier to consume (e.g. during the commute), so the question is, why isn't it marketed widely?
  49. E

    Expansion Work in Combustion Reactions: Liquid Water vs. Water Vapor

    Expansion Work -- Still confused. This is more of a general question regarding thermodynamics. If you have a combustion reaction, and it produces either liquid water or water vapor--which case results in higher expansion work? My enthalpy calculations show higher PV work for the reaction with...
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