Liquid Definition and 1000 Threads

A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. As such, it is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, gas, and plasma), and is the only state with a definite volume but no fixed shape. A liquid is made up of tiny vibrating particles of matter, such as atoms, held together by intermolecular bonds. Like a gas, a liquid is able to flow and take the shape of a container. Most liquids resist compression, although others can be compressed. Unlike a gas, a liquid does not disperse to fill every space of a container, and maintains a fairly constant density. A distinctive property of the liquid state is surface tension, leading to wetting phenomena. Water is, by far, the most common liquid on Earth.
The density of a liquid is usually close to that of a solid, and much higher than in a gas. Therefore, liquid and solid are both termed condensed matter. On the other hand, as liquids and gases share the ability to flow, they are both called fluids. Although liquid water is abundant on Earth, this state of matter is actually the least common in the known universe, because liquids require a relatively narrow temperature/pressure range to exist. Most known matter in the universe is in gaseous form (with traces of detectable solid matter) as interstellar clouds or in plasma from within stars.

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  1. J

    How do I calculate how well a liquid conducts electricity?

    Which one of the following substances would likely be the best conductor of electricity in the pure liquid state (that is, when melted)? 1. bromine (Br2) 2. barium fluoride (BaF2) 3. water (H2O) 4. phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) 5. methane (CH4) I don't know any relevant equations...
  2. G

    Temperature range in a body of liquid

    Hi, I am an avid home brewer and I am looking to refine my methods in the fermenting stage. For about 7 years now I have had a cupboard where the temperature of the air inside the cupboard is controlled by a thermostat. The probe is located near the bottom of the vat. There is about 650mm...
  3. S

    Calculate the buoyant force of a liquid

    Hey guys during my lab i am required to calculate the buoyant force of a liquid so i have to submerge the object in the liquid and take the reading on the balance. after that i have to lower the object to the bottom of the beaker and take the reading again. How are the data going to help in...
  4. B

    Calculating Mass of Liquid in Vat

    Homework Statement A 1.60 m-diameter vat of liquid is 2.30 m deep. The pressure at the bottom of the vat is 1.20 atm. What is the mass of the liquid in the vat in Kg? The attempt at a solution A= pi*r^2 = pi (0.8)^2 = 2.01 m^2 2.01m^2 x 20.260 kPa = 40.7226 40.7226 x 9.8 = 399kg...
  5. V

    Rotating circular pan of liquid

    Homework Statement A circular pan of liquid with density \rho is centered on a horizontal turntable rotating with angular speed \omega. Atmospheric pressure is P_{a}. Find expressions for (a) the pressure at the bottom of the pan and (b) the height of the liquid surface as functions of the...
  6. M

    Is there a type of liquid that is less dense than a type of gas?

    Would the gas form Uranium or any other heavy atom be more dense than the liquid form of hydrogen?
  7. S

    How Does Entropy Change When Vaporizing Water at Different Pressures?

    Homework Statement Find the change in the entropy of 250 g of liquid water at its boiling point when it is vaporised at a pressure of 8 atm. Give a brief physical explanation for how this entropy change compares with the entropy change for vaporisation at 1 atm pressure Homework...
  8. A

    Solve Liquid Tension Problem: Instructions & Resources

    Homework Statement http://i706.photobucket.com/albums/w...Untitled-1.jpg this link has everything u need to knwo :) Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution
  9. M

    Cheap ml range liquid flow sensor

    Hello, I was wondering if anyone know any companies which sell directly these items because it seems many of the ones i am finding are for high end applications... Any help would be much appreciated. Note: no liquids are corrosive and low viscosity etc generally just water will flow...
  10. S

    Discovering a Non-Conductive Alternative to Water in Convection Currents

    Is there an other liquid that was similar water(In Convection current) but without the conductivity of it?
  11. P

    Liquid Mechanics: Wavelength & Variables

    Homework Statement The wavelength of \lambda of waves on the surface of a water on a cup has three variables: surface tension of the water \sigma, water density \rho, and frequency of vibration f. Deduce the relationship of these three variable to the wavelength. Would the same...
  12. Chewy0087

    Solving the Liquid Density Puzzle

    [Solved] Liquid Density Puzzle Homework Statement The Attempt at a Solution I think there's an assumption here that I'm missing, firstly I worked out how big each cube was by setting up simple simultaneous equations which gave me; Green = 0.21m Red = 0.14m & Blue = 0.28m And...
  13. M

    Design of a piezoelectric liquid pump

    Hey guys im in the process of designing a piezoelectric liquid pump, i am looking to make the structure out of RP printer for now and use a PDMS diagrphram for the piezo device to be mounted apon. Have any of you guys worked with piezo materials before as i am in need of a strong high...
  14. L

    Resultant Force on a Conical Flask Filled with Liquid

    Homework Statement A conical flask contains a liquid of density \rho to a height 'h'. If the area of the base of the flask is A and V is the volume of the liquid in the flask,then the resultant force acting on the curved surface is, 1) h\rhogA - V\rhog horizontally 2) h\rhogA - V\rhog...
  15. S

    Could Liquid Neon Be a Viable Rocket Fuel?

    It is my understanding that when neon goes from a liquid to a gas, it has an expansion ratio of 1:1400. Would using N- and N+ be a realistic rocket fuel? I understand that it would take a lot of energy but is there a way to figure out how much?
  16. J

    What is the state of fire ? is it gas , solid or liquid ?

    What is the state of fire ? is it gas , solid or liquid ??
  17. D

    Impulsive force during collision between solid and liquid

    Homework Statement I am trying to model an impact between a solid and a liquid as a 1D elastic collision where KE and momentum are conserved. Calculating the impulse is no problem. My problem in when I try to come up with an accurate collision time in order to calculate impulsive forces...
  18. P

    What is the angle liquid will pour out of a glass?

    Hi, this is not a homework question. Been out of school for way to long and can't remember my physics. I am developing something and I need an equation. What is the angle at which liquid will pour out of a glass? The input I think would only be the % full the glass is. I do not think the...
  19. S

    Liquid ocean in Uranus and Neptune

    Are there oceans of liquid water in Uranus and Neptune? I remember once reading that there were.
  20. M

    Exploring Magnetic Properties of Liquid State Magnets

    how do we distinguish poles in case of a liquid state magnet ..or do they tend to lose their magnetic property?
  21. M

    Miniature Liquid Flow Sensor for Mili & High Micro Flows

    Hello Gentlemen, I'm in need of a miniature liquid flow sensor capable of measuring liquid flows in the mili and possibly high micro ranges that is quite accurate. I seem not to find much on the internet as most of the sensors are for greater flow capacities. Any help would be much...
  22. V

    Liquid Drop Model of the Nucleus

    Looking at the liquid drop model of the nucleus and the semi-empirical formula for the atomic mass of the nucleus. I understand the formula but I'm trying to figure out why some nuclei are unstable against both beta- and beta+ decay. Any ideas? I assume it's something to do with the...
  23. Q

    Would it be possible to create a sterling engine out of liquid nitrogen and air?

    Is the heat difference enough to cause a noticeable power output in some type of sterling engine? Liquid nitrogen is quite cheap (alternative fuel source?)
  24. P

    Liquid pressure multiple choice

    Homework Statement a piece of metal of 10cm X 20 cm X 5 cm is sitting flat on the bottom of water basket, with one of the 10cm X 20cm sides facing up. the metal has density of 19.3 g/cm3. The basket is filled with water(full). The backet has a radius of 0.25m and a hight of 1m, density of...
  25. K

    Wanted: A liquid that hardens like a glue, but is not adhesive.

    I'm trying to find a liquid which will take the shape of its container, and harden like glue or epoxy. However, I would like for it to not be adhesive. This would be greatly useful to me in making molds of very small things. Can anybody link me to such a thing?
  26. B

    Height of liquid in a horizontal cylinder

    Hi I am trying to calculate the height of liquid in a cylinder. I know the dimensions of a cylinder and the volume of liquid. I know how to calculate the volume for a given height, but i can't flip the equation to get the height. volume = area * length; area = r2(θ - Sin[θ])/2...
  27. T

    Aluminum liquid flow under pressure question

    Please look at the photo. In the photo, is a drawing of a casting furnace, with melted aluminum at the level of where the door starts. Assume that we have 2 different riser tubes inside this casting furnace, one with an inner diameter of 1.5" and the other one with an inner diameter of 2.5"...
  28. M

    What are the Best Off-the-Shelf Micro Liquid Delivery Systems?

    Hey guys, new user old reader here:blushing: wondering if you guys could recommend me some stuff. I am after a complete off the shelf micro liquid delivery system which can provide liquid flow in the micro scale.. any suggestions would be much appreciated. Miles
  29. C

    Lower Pressure of 9.5L/min Fluid Through 3.17mm Passage

    I need to lower the pressure of a 9.5 liter/minute stream of water flowing through a 3.17 mm passage 275 bar. I have a 22mm X 100 mm cylindrical volume in which to contain a single part or assembly of parts in which to accomplish this. I need to keep minimum ID to 3.17 mm. Heat generation is...
  30. B

    Liquid Superconductors: Experiments and Possibilities

    As described here: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/112748702/abstract All superconductors are solids in their superconducting state, this state of matter presently having only been observed well below the melting temperature of the solid. The discovery of high-temperature...
  31. 2

    Time constant for Liquid to Gas flashing off.

    I am having a problem finding out how long it takes for a volatile liquid to evaporate when suddenly the pressure is reduced. For example - let's assume liquid butane at 8 bara is suddenly dropped to 1bara, the process of liquid turning to gas is not instantaneous so how long does it take...
  32. T

    Resistance for a sphere in a half sphere containing liquid

    Homework Statement A small copper sphere of radius a is half immersed at the surface of a poorly conducting liquid of resistivity \rho . The liquid is contained in a spherical copper bath of radius b, where b>>a and where the bath is concentric with the sphere. Estimate the electrical...
  33. P

    Clouds are water liquid, not vapour, why it don't fall down?

    Title says all, why clouds are up? have the air more density than water? Thanks!
  34. K

    Exploring Weightless: Immersed in a Liquid with Body Density

    Suppose I prepare a liquid whose density is equal to the average density of my body. Hence when I am completely immersed in it the upthrust provided will be equal to my weight. Will what I experience in such a liquid be similar to what I'll experience in zero gravity?
  35. M

    Plastic Engine Block Cooled with liquid metal

    Is there any research done on plastic engine blocks or cannon barrels ? I interested in using plastics at high heat high pressure environments after learning some researchers cools 1600 degree plate to 80 degrees with potassium or sodium or exotic metallic liquids. I think it might be possible...
  36. M

    Magnetic Liquid Screw Propeller

    Is it possible or will it be possible to keep some magnetic liquids in some desired geometry and use as a traditional screw propeller ? Is it patented or visioned before ? Best regards , Mustafa Umut Sarac Istanbul
  37. C

    Medical Are the blood cells just suspended in the liquid we call blood?

    Is blood completely made up of blood cells, like we are completely made of atoms, or are the blood cells just suspended in the liquid we call blood?
  38. J

    Microscopic difference between gas and liquid

    I am familiar with Ising model, and the phase transition behavior the interacting "arrows" attached to lattice points exhibit. Now, I'm curious to know if similar theoretical models exist of more concrete examples. For example, what is the microscopic difference between gas and liquid? Can the...
  39. P

    Variation of liquid density with temperature

    I am looking for information on the density of a liquid at lower temperatures. I have it at 15C as 725 kg/m^3. The fluid is avgas 100LL. I wish to determine it at lower temperatures. I believe that the change in liquid densitiess is rather small for temperature changes, but I can't verify...
  40. M

    Sound Speed in a two phase mixture of gas and liquid

    Homework Statement A two phase mixture of gas and liquid (small air bubbles dispersed in water for example) may be treated as a continuum for the transmission of sound of long wavelengths. The liquid behaves as a heat reservoir, and pressure changes are approximately isothermal. Let rv be...
  41. Y

    What Bonds Break in Benzoic Acid When It Melts?

    Basically I want to know which bondings are broken when going from the solid phase to the liquid phase. I know that benzoic acid makes dimers (though only in gas phase, some say?) and that they have Van der Waals' forces between their rings. I tried to use my knowledge about water: Water have...
  42. J

    Thermodynamics: Vaporizing all Liquid

    Homework Statement I have a problem that I need assistance with: There is a well insulated rigid tank with 3 kg of saturated liquid-vapor mixture of water at 200 kPa. Initially, half of the mass is in the liquid phase. An electric resistor placed in the tank is connected to a 120-V source...
  43. K

    Questin about moving an object through liquid

    Homework Statement Calculate the force required to pull a copper ball of radius 2.50 cm upward through a fluid at the constant speed 9.00 cm/s. Take the drag force to be proportional to the speed, with proportionality constant 0.950 kg/s. Ignore the buoyant force. 1 N Homework Equations...
  44. M

    Chemistry Liquid Chlorine-Inter and Intra Molecular Forces

    This is the question I was given: "Describe the bonding within and between the molecules in liquid chlorine." I suppose the obvious problem is, I have no idea what the answer is. Any help will be appreciated! :D
  45. G

    What Differentiates Spin Liquids from Spin Solids and Spin Glasses?

    What is a spin liquid as opposed to a spin solid or a spin glass? I know that a spin liquid is generally defined by geometric frustration in the electronic spins of that material (i.e. pryochlore structure)...but how is this different from a spin solid? Can it be that the lattice of the...
  46. K

    Liquid in a Rotating Cylinder - Pressure

    Hello, I need some help. I have a fluid inside a rotating cylinder being flung out towards the walls and exerting a pressure upwards. How would I calculate this pressure? Thank you, Kim
  47. G

    Venturi effect of liquid through a cone

    In the Venturi effect, in the reduction in pressure and increase velocity on the inside of the convergent cone, does the exit of the liquid on the divergent side mean the pressure that is increased (velocity decreased) can only increase to the maximum pressure that was achieved on the inside...
  48. marcus

    Dark matter is a quantum liquid? (buzz over McElrath's paper)

    Rightly or wrongly, there's considerable excitement about a paper which a postdoc theorist at CERN, Bob McElrath, recently posted. One physics blogger headlined his comment "Dark matter is a quantum liquid." The headline may itself be a misinterpretation of what McElrath is saying but I couldn't...
  49. A

    Incompressible viscous liquid questions

    Which of the following is true in a streamlined flow of incompressible viscous liquid? A) When a fluid is in streamlined flow then there is transport of energy from one layer to another. B) The speed of flow at all points in space is necessarily same. C) The velocity of the liquid in contact...
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