Mixture Definition and 294 Threads

In chemistry, a mixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are not chemically combined. A mixture is the physical combination of two or more substances in which the identities are retained and are mixed in the form of solutions, suspensions and colloids.Mixtures are one product of mechanically blending or mixing chemical substances such as elements and compounds, without chemical bonding or other chemical change, so that each ingredient substance retains its own chemical properties and makeup. Despite the fact that there are no chemical changes to its constituents, the physical properties of a mixture, such as its melting point, may differ from those of the components. Some mixtures can be separated into their components by using physical (mechanical or thermal) means. Azeotropes are one kind of mixture that usually poses considerable difficulties regarding the separation processes required to obtain their constituents (physical or chemical processes or, even a blend of them).

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  1. O

    Helmholtz potential for mixture of simple ideal gases

    Homework Statement Two subsystems within a 20 l cylinder are separated by an internal piston. Each of them is initially composed of 1 mole of component 1 and one mole of component 2, both of which will be treated as a monatomic ideal gas. The cylinder has diathermal walls and is in contact...
  2. terryds

    Acid Mixture pH Problem: Calculating Solution pH with CH3COOH, CH3COONa, and HCl

    Homework Statement 30 mL CH3COOH 0.2 M is mixed with 60 ml CH3COONa 0.1 M and then added with 10 mL HCl 0.1 M, then what is the pH of the solution ? (Ka = 10-5) A. 3 B. 5 - log 1.4 C. 5 - log 2 D. 4 - log 1.4 E. 5 + log 2 Homework Equations [H+] = Ka * [HX] / [X- ] ---- buffer [H+] =...
  3. Revengeance

    Why Does Adding Nitric Acid to Copper and Carbon Dioxide Produce Brown Gas?

    Homework Statement Difference between nitric acid added to the mixture Copper Oxide + Carbon and nitric acid added to the mixture Copper + Carbon Dioxide 2. Homework Equations meteal oxide + carbon ---> metal + carbon dioxide The Attempt at a Solution When I added Nitric Acid to the mixture...
  4. Titan97

    Finding composition of mixture of Fe3O4 and Fe2O3

    Homework Statement An ##\mathrm{8~g}## sample of ##{Fe_3O_4}## and ##{Fe_2O_3}## containing some inert impurity was treated with excess of ##\mathrm{aq}## ##{KI}## in acidic medium. which converted all iron to ##Fe^{2+}##. The resulting solution was then diluted to ##\mathrm{50~ml}##...
  5. faiziqb12

    How does temperature affect distillation in a fractionating column?

    i have got a question with distillation . in distillation as we know the mixture is boiled and the mechanism then goes like substances with high boiling points condense at the bottom and substances with lower boiling points condense on the way to the top. i don't know why , but i am having...
  6. T

    How to find the specific heat capacity of a mixture?

    Homework Statement For my physics IA, I am finding the specific heat capacity of water-solute mixtures and finding how the specific heat differs from that of just water alone. I have the mass of the mixture, for example baking soda and water was 914.75g and changed 175.8 degrees Fahrenheit in...
  7. MexChemE

    Two-bulb experiment for measuring gas diffusivity

    Hi, PF! I recently solved a problem from BSL which asked to analyze the following system used for determining the diffusivity of a binary mixture of gases. The left portion of the system, from the left bulb up to the stopcock at the middle of the tube, is filled with gas A. The right portion...
  8. A

    I If air is a mixture, why don't the gases separate?

    If you try to mix water and sand, the sand will mix around and eventually fall to the bottom. Sand and water can't make a solution, so they separate. However salt and water can make a solution, and they don't separate. If air is a mixture, why don't the gases separate? 1) So, pretty much what...
  9. B

    What is the Final Temperature of the Mixture?

    Homework Statement Assuming no heat loss to the container or the environment, what is the final temperature (K) of a mixture of 9.28L of liquid 1 (density=1070kg/L & specific heat capacity of 4358J/kg/K) at 378K and 12.15L of a second liquid (density=1070kg/L & specific heat capacity of...
  10. E

    Gas Burner and Combustion Chamber Design

    Hi guys, I want to design a gas burner and combustion chamber. I use natural gas as fuel. I want to control air to fuel ration, so air flow has to control. I have an air compressor as air flow source. Clearly, it's needed a mixture tube before the combustion chamber. Now I have some...
  11. B

    If you have a mixture, can you use a saturated liquid table?

    I'm working on a problem and need to find quality, mass, and pressure. I'm given a temperature (2°C), a volume (1200m^3), and a percent volume occupation (1% saturated liquid). Is it "legal" to use the saturated liquid tables, at 2°C, to find the volume or pressure (I forget which one we were...
  12. Sirsh

    Thermodynamics: Liquid-Vapour Mixture Internal Energy

    Homework Statement In a sample of wet steam at 11 bar, 75% of the total internal energy is contained in the vapour portion. Calculate the dryness fraction of the steam to 3 decimal places. Homework Equations u(kJ/kg) = (1-x)uf + x*ug x - dryness fraction f - saturated liquid state g -...
  13. Lester_01

    Calculating the total and partial pressure of gas mixture

    1. The problem/question is as follows: 1 mole of O2 mixed with N2 gas (PN2= 5 atm at 10 degrees celcius in a 1 L flask. What is the total pressure after 2 moles of gas is allowed to escape? How about the partial pressure of O2? R= 0.08206\frac{L atm}{mol K} Homework Equations Using the ideal...
  14. L

    How to represent hidden measurement by mixture of unitaries

    Dear all, I have struggle for the problem for 2 days... And searched a lot materials on web but still can't solve for it. Question, A hidden measurement with n distinct outcomes is the average 2^(n-1) unitary maps. If it's too elusive, how about the case when n=2.
  15. S

    Superposition & Mixture : Preparation and Representation of

    I have been reading this explanation about superpositions and mixtures. The author takes the example of two non-overlapping regions in space, each covered by a gaussian wavefunction. He goes on to compare the superposition and the mixture made up of those two gaussian functions, based on their...
  16. skepticwulf

    A mixture of K chloride and K nitrate problem

    Homework Statement Consider a mixture of potassium chloride and potassium nitrate that is 43.2% potassium by mass. What is the percent KCl by mass of the original mixture? Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution x is the mole of KCI in the mixture y is the mole of KNO3 in the mixture molar...
  17. skepticwulf

    A gaseous mixture contains ethane and propane problem

    Homework Statement A 9.780-g gaseous mixture contains ethane (C2H6) and propane (C3H8). Complete combustion to form carbon dioxide and water requires 1.120 mole of oxygen gas. Calculate the mass percent of ethane in the original mixture. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution 7/2 mol O2...
  18. H

    Chemistry What is the Mole Fraction of Each Gas in the Mixture?

    Homework Statement At 1 atm and 0° C, a 5.04 L mixture of methane (CH4) and propane(C3H8) was burned producing 20.9 g of CO2. Assume complete combustion. 1. How many moles total of methane and propane were present before combustion? 2. How many moles of carbon dioxide were present after the...
  19. C

    Calculating Kp for gas mixture from picture

    Homework Statement A chemical reaction is described by the equation N2O4 <> 2NO2. The pressure equilibrium constant for the given reaction is equal to 8 Pa. Which picture describes the equilibrium? (Please, see the attached file!). [/B]Homework Equations N2O4 <> 2NO2[/B]The Attempt at a...
  20. B

    Water, salt, baking soda mixture to treat sinusitis

    When I was 17, I had sinusitis. I went to an ear, nose, and throat doctor for treatment. The doctor prescribed for me that I mix salt and baking soda in a bowl of water. Then I was to use a plastic contraption like a squirt gun to squirt the water/salt/baking soda mixture up my nose and spit...
  21. maistral

    Calculating mixture residual/departure enthelpy from EOS

    Good day. I have no idea how to calculate mixture residual enthalpies/entropies. I have searched all over the internet and yeah, I keep on finding the pure-fluid residual enthalpy calculations. Is there ANY possible source here where an algorithm for residual enthalpy calculations for MIXTURES...
  22. AdityaDev

    Speed of sound in mixture of gases

    I am trying to calculate the speed of sound in a mixture of 2 gases like oxygen an ozone. First step: I calculated ##\gamma_{eff}## of the mixture by first calculate the ##C_V## of mixture by using a formula $$C_V=\frac{n_1C_1 + n_2C_2}{n_1+n_2}$$ Step 2: in the formula $$v=\sqrt{\frac{\gamma...
  23. gfd43tg

    How Do Mass and Molar Velocities Differ in a Gas Mixture?

    Homework Statement A gas mixture contains 50% He and 50% O2 by volume at 500 K and 1 bar. The absolute mass fluxes of each species along the transportation direction z are ##\hat J_{He} = -0.8 \frac {kg}{m^{2} s}## and ##\hat J_{O_{2}} = 0.8 \frac {kg}{m^{2} s}##. Determine the mass and molar...
  24. O

    Heating Mixture in Thermally Insulated Container - Ice to Boil & Evaporate

    In a thermally insulated container was a mixture of ice and water. Then we have put a immersion heater ( P=400W). We started measure time and at the end of every minute we writed down the heat od mixture. First two minutes the heat wasn't changing, at the end of third it raised about 2°C, at the...
  25. M

    Racemic mixture effect on light

    Given a racemic mixture with both isomers being optically active, why is it that light can still pass through? If I am not mistaken (this may be completely wrong): the two isomers of a compound, when optically active, polarize light in a plane perpendicular the other. (If this is wrong, please...
  26. C

    How Can NO2 Be Separated from Car Exhaust for Nitric Acid Production?

    Well i need to separate NO2 from cars exhaust to then produce nitric acid and the use it in other reaction. The problem is that i have other byproducts such as SO3 and many more, so i can't make nitric acid without producing other acids. What i was thinking is. Since NO2 have a very high boling...
  27. T

    Fitting a mixture model when component priors are known

    I have a list of scores between 0 and 1 generated by an information retrieval system - 1 being very relevant and 0 being completely non-relevant. I do not know whether the scores correspond to relevant or non-relevant items or not but I do know that the distribution of scores is generated by a...
  28. U

    Liquid, superheated vapour and a mixture

    Homework Statement how do i determine whether water is at liquid, superheated vapour r a mixture state?? Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution
  29. O

    Calculating mass of a solvent in a mixture, given volume and molality?

    Say for example you have take a sample of 500ml from a bulk saline solution (NaCl and H20). If you know that for every 100 grams of water there is 10 grams of NaCl, can you calculate the amount of NaCl in 500ml of the final mixture?
  30. F

    Equilibrium temperature of a mixture

    Homework Statement Homework Equations Q = m c \Delta T \\ Q = m L_v \\ Q_{in} = Q_{out} The Attempt at a Solution m_s c_s (100 - 8) + m_s L_v = m_s c_s (100 - T) + m_m c_s (T) \\ 5778.06 + 33900 = 5778.06 - 62.805 T + 418.7 T \\ 33900 = 355.895 T \\ ∴ T = 95.25°C Answer should...
  31. A

    Combining Distributions (ex. Mixture distribution, copula)

    This is a vague question and I apologize in advance for not being able to explain it better. I'm combining r.v.'s from different populations (distributions). The resulting population can be thought to come from a mixture distribution. I think another way of describing the resulting...
  32. T

    Intense light igniting a mixture of fuel and air

    Homework Statement We are working on a project for a class. I was given a part of the project where focused light is used to burn off carbohydrates. I want to know names of the following values so I can look them up and their relationships. Energy required to start combustion at atmospheric...
  33. J

    How to Calculate the Correct Fraction of Monatomic Molecules in a Gas Mixture?

    Homework Statement An experiment you're designing needs a gas with γ = 1.49. You recall from your physics class that no individual gas has this value, but it occurs to you that you could produce a gas with γ = 1.49 by mixing together a monatomic gas and a diatomic gas. What fraction of the...
  34. U

    Understanding the Behavior of Acetone and CS2 in Binary Liquid Solutions

    Homework Statement Acetone and carbon disulphide form binary liquid solution showing positive deviation from Raoult's law, The normal boiling point(BP) of pure acetone is less than that of pure carbon disulphide. Select the incorrect statement(s) among the following. A)BP of mixture is...
  35. V

    Nuclear decay of a mixture of P and S. (2009 USAPhO Question A2)

    The answer is not provided by AAPT. Homework Statement A mixture of ^{32}P and ^{35}S (two beta emitters widely used in biochemical research) is placed next to a detector and allowed to decay, resulting in the data (attached) below. The detector has equal sensitivity to the beta particles...
  36. B

    MHB Mixture Problem: Find Amount of Stronger Solution Needed

    A chemist has 5 gallons of salt solution with a concentration of 0.2 pound per gallon and another solution with a concentration of 0.5 pound per gallon. How many gallons of the stronger solution must be added to the weaker solution to get a solution that contains 0.3 pound per gallon? this...
  37. paulmdrdo1

    MHB Mixture problem 2 - linear equation

    1. A clay contains 45% silica and 10% water. Determine the percentage of silica in the clay on a dry (water-free) basis. All percentages are by weight. my answer is 100% silica. because if the clay is water free the clay is 100% silica. is this correct? 2. A coal contains 2.4%...
  38. paulmdrdo1

    MHB Solve Milk & Cream Mixture Word Problem: Help Needed

    can you explain what the problem is asking for? please use single variable only. One thousand quarts of milk testing 4% butterfat are to be reduced to 3%. How many quarts of cream testing 23% butterfat must be separated from the milk to produce the required result? All...
  39. Sudharaka

    MHB Gaussian Mixture Models and Geodesics

    Hi everyone, :) This is a question that one of my friends sent me. It is kind of open ended and I don't have any clue about the particular area of research he is undertaking. Therefore I am posting the question here with the hope that anybody knowledgeable in this area would be able to help...
  40. C

    Equilbrium temp of ice and steam mixture

    Homework Statement You are asked to mix equal masses of of ice and steam at 0.00°C and 100.00°C respectively, What will the final temperature of the mixture be? The mixture is in a perfect insulator. ms=mass of steam mi=mass of ice LHV,s=Heat of vaporization of steam=2257J/g LHF,i=Heat...
  41. N

    Mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in container

    Homework Statement In a closed container with a volume of V = 5 50 l is a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen with the total mass m = 50 g. The container have pressure p = 300 000 Pa and the temperature t_1 = 20 ° C. A) What is the number of moles n_1 (hydrogen) and n_2 (oxygen) in the container...
  42. Q

    What Is the Resulting pH of Mixing These Solutions?

    Homework Statement You mix the below two solutions. What is the resulting pH? 200 mL solution with H_{3}O^{+} = 1 * 10^{-4} 100 mL solution with H_{3}O^{+} = 2 * 10^{-11} Homework Equations pH = -log[H_{3}O^{+}] N_{H_{3}O^{+}} = M * L The Attempt at a Solution I first found the number...
  43. Z

    Need advice on extracting carboxylic acids from an NaOH Mixture

    I have an amino carboxylic acid that is practically insoluble in most alcohols and in water, but supposedly soluble in an 20% NaOH solution. A basic reaction is run with an organic solvent/reactant, and the amino carboxylic acid dissolved in the NaOH solution. After the reaction the layers...
  44. R

    Equilibrium of a gas mixture from partial pressures

    Homework Statement Suppose we have a mixture of the gases H2, CO2, CO and, H2O at 1200 K, with partial pressures pH2 = 0.55 bar, pCO2 = 0.2 bar, pCO = 1.25 bar, and pH2O = 0.1 bar. Is the reaction described by the equation CO + H2O <=> H2 + CO2 at equilibrium under these conditions? If not...
  45. Q

    Calculating pH of Mixture of 0.1 M Na2S and 0.05 M HCl

    Homework Statement Consider mixing a 100 mL solution of 0.1 M sodium sulfide with a 200 mL solution of 0.05 M hydrochloric acid. What is the pH of the resulting solution? Homework Equations Moles of solute = molarity of solvent * volume of solvent The Attempt at a Solution...
  46. Q

    How Do You Determine Percent Composition in a Gas Mixture Problem?

    Homework Statement It's such a gory problem, I'm going to have to attach a small image. http://i.minus.com/j9XQTP6pIlh1a.png Homework Equations PV=nRT Molarity (M) = moles/liter The Attempt at a Solution Okie dokie. 1) Let's find how much iodide reacted with the sulfur dioxide...
  47. B

    Mixture Mass & Mole Relationships: A General Overview

    This is a more general question: is it always true for a mixture that if we define M(average) such that m(total) = n(total) * M(average), where n(total) is the total number of moles of species in the mixture (summed over all species) and m(total) is the total mass of the mixture, then M(average)...
  48. J

    Prandtl number of a g/l mixture (Ethane at phase transition)

    I have a problem in finding the heat transfer coefficient of a heat exchanger in which Ethane undergoes a phase transition. I would like to find the Prandtl number of Ethane in the phase transition region. So far I thought I would use the following: Pr_av = x * Pr_g + (1-x) Pr_l Pr_av =...
  49. S

    Why Is Mixing Entropy of an Ideal Mixture Given by a Binomial Coefficient?

    Homework Statement Explain why, for an ideal mixture, the mixing entropy is given by ΔSmixing = k ln( Binomial Coefficient ( N, NA ) where N is the total number of molecules and NA is the number of molecules of type A. Use Stirling's Approximation to show that this expression is the same as...
  50. S

    Statistical thermodynamics- ideal gases mixture (Reif 3.6)

    A glass bulb contains air at room temperature and at a pressure of 1 atmosphere. It is placed in a chamber filled with helium gas at 1 atmosphere and at a room temperature. A few months later, the experimenter happens to read in a journal article that the particular glass of which the bulb is...
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