Orbital Definition and 820 Threads

Is it possible for an electron in the 1s orbital of an hydrogen atom to be indefinitely far from the nucleus in a given instant? From the Schrodinger equation we can see that the radial probability is NEVER zero, so it would be possible to see an electron in the moon, for example. But if I...

Hi. I'm not expert in physics. Recently I have written an article how a spacecraft will remain in orbit forever. However need review if there is any mistake using formulas or the term escape velocity. Here is it, Layman question: So what will happen if we use sci-fi spacecraft to takeoff...

The muon is a subatomic particle with the same charge as an electron but with a mass that is 207 times greater: mμ=207me. Physicists think of muons as "heavy electrons." However, the muon is not a stable particle; it decays with a half-life of 1.5 μs into an electron plus two neutrinos. Muons...

The kinetic energy of a ##m_s##= 1.5 kg satellite in an orbit of ##h## = 200 km = 200##\times 10^3## m is \begin{eqnarray*} K.E. &=& G \frac{m_s . m_e}{2(R_e+h)}\\ &=& (6.67 \times 10^{-11} \ \mathrm{N.m^2.kg^{-2}}) \times \frac{(1.5\ \mathrm{kg})\times (5.972\times 10^{24}\...

The program begins by prompting the user to input the initial angle and speed. Once these values have been input, the program calculates the initial velocity components for the asteroid in two dimensions. printf("Input an initial angle from 10 to 80 degrees\n"); scanf("%f", &theta)...

Hi! Basically I am developing a spaceflight simulator specifically for the space shuttle. Coding the Shuttles Systems etc. is not actually the hardest part, as I had thought before. The real problem is the physics engine :confused: The main problem I have is, that with all the Equations for...

For example, we have this two potencial wells approaching, the electron is confined in one. the final appearance will be like this: THEN, if we know a wave packet is formed by many frequencies, but in a potencial well there are just few frequencies allowed, energy levels, so let's say, one...

This is a puzzle involving the orbit of the Moon around the Earth, based on the well-known story of Newton observing a falling apple and wondering if the same force that made the apple fall could also explain the motion of the Moon. The story goes that Newton considered the following: the...

Consider the following experiment from the point-of-view of classical mechanics and classical electromagnetism: An originally free electron then passes through a magnetic field that is oriented so that it causes the electron to turn to, say, the right. During the “turning” of the electron (a...

This is a very special case. In my 50 years studying physics I have never seen any discussion of photons having orbital angular momentum. Any angular momentum for photons in orbit around a black hole must be a GR question. I have not specialized in GR but I don’t recall any discussion of it. I...

In figure. Why F use 2P rather than 2S to bonding in HF MO model.

I have yet to decide on values for the mass of the fixed object, M, the mass of the moving celestial body, m, the initial velocity, v, and the distance between the two objects, r. I will most definitely decide on a larger mass M because I would like the celestial body to spiral in towards the...

Summary: How do I draw the HOMO of HO-. The problem asks about the HOMO of HO- interacting in different ways with the LUMO of H-Cl. I cannot proceed with the question without figuring out how to draw the HOMO of HO-. I have attached pictures. Hello All, I have been struggling with this problem...

Gravity batteries intrigue me. We are starting to develop them now. We currently are able to drop cement blocks and harness the energy that the kinetic energy releases. We are considering them as an alternative energy source to help the environment. Here’s a link for those unfamiliar with it...

Hello, I am loking for some simulator of the solar system where the movement of the planets is represented. I´'m interested in seeing the central force and linear velocity vectors.

Summary: Is there anyway to calculate average distance of electrons? I know that we use wave function for orbital to show the probability of finding but my question is there any way to calculate distance between orbitals or energy states?

I tried it, but I am not getting no of the given answers According to the statement, it is saying that 3 KE (in the orbit ) = ΔUg So, beeing R the radius of the Earth and R2 the radius of the orbit: 3 (1/2)(GMm/r2) = -GMm/r2 - (-GMm/R) Canceling out the GMm: (3/2)(1/r2)= (-1/r2) + (1/R)...

Why is there a preferred z axis even though the potential energy function is perfectly spherical? Shouldn't the electron be around the nucleus in a spherically symmetrical way?

I didn't use Kepler's 3rd law and this may be the reason I have a wrong answer. However, I want to know: where I make the mistake. ## ma = \frac {G M m} {R^2}## ## R = (\frac {G M} a)^{1/2}## ##a = \frac {v^2} R## ##V^2 = a R = a (\frac {G M} a)^{1/2} = (G a M)^{1/2}## ##V = (G a M)^{1/4}##...

Hello to all good people of physics forums. I just wanted to ask, whether the angular and linear (orbital) speed in perihelion of eliptical orbit are related the same way as in circular orbit (v = rw). If we take a look at the angular momentum (in polar coordinates) of reduced body moving in...

I'm referring to proposals that suggest putting large reflective surfaces at the L1 Lagrange point. I've also been thinking of something like capturing a nearby asteroid and turning it into an artificial ring at the equator or dumping lots of small infrared reflecting particles or releasing...

Would accelerating a rocket in a vector that "cancels" Earth's orbital motion relative to the center of the milky way in some cases improve the energy efficiency of a rocket for a given amount of change in velocity relative to the earth?

I understand that quantum objects have wave and particle properties. I know that k = 2π / lamda. I am simply not understanding the x-axis of a bandstructure plot of E(k) vs. k. I've read parts of a book by Roald Hoffman on this subject. In the book it is shown that there are infinite chain of...

I want to solve ##\frac{du^2}{d\theta ^2}+u=\frac{GM}{h^2}## for ##u(\theta)##, where ##\frac{GM}{h^2}=constant##. The given equation is a nonhomogeneous second order linear DE. I begin by solving the associated homogeneous DE with constant coefficients: ##\frac{du^2}{d\theta ^2}+u=0## which...

What would be the orbital velocity of craft at 4km above moon surface? Assume a mass of 1,000,000 lb, US.

Hello, I am an undergrad and am in an introductory level astrophysics course. I have a bit of confusion that I didn't know where to get help from so I made an account here. Please let me know if I miss some common etiquette or something... I don't understand how the slingshot maneuver...

I have a belief from something I read on the internet that the superscript 1 means that this is a singlet state so it can only hold one particle but then say 3^S_0 is a triplet so it could hold three. Then the first state I mentioned couldn't have a particle and an antiparticle in it , but the...

Homework Statement I want to find the period of the satellite. Homework Equations mg = mv^2/r The Attempt at a Solution I derive the equation mg = mv^2/r v = sqrt(gr) v = ωr and ω = 2π/T T = 2π/ω = 2πr/v Then, T = 2πr/sqrt(gr) But the answer is 2πr/R * sqrt(r/g). I don't know why? Is...

What are some of the challenges associated with calculating orbital parameters of objects around a black hole (I.e. Orbital velocity, period, semi major axis, kinetic energy). At what point can classical physics no longer provide accurate results?

I'm hoping I can get my idea debunked or with some words of encouragement, continue my investigation in what could be an ideal way to solve some propulsion issues in space travel. What I'm suggesting is building a large circular "maglev" accelerator in space, similar to CERN, which wouldn't...

Is it possible to calculate with precision the orbits of the Earth, Moon and Sun with general relativity instead of Newtonian Physics? How would this work? Would the software have to record past positions of each body and have the Earth be attracted to the old sun's position 8 minutes ago...

Homework Statement I am faced to a problem of interpretation illustrated on figure below : I must precise that I talk about **mean anomaly**. Homework Equations for the 2 questions, I am asked to find : 1) at which anomaly is the ISS at the two lines epoch ? 2) at wchich anomaly is the...

I recently read a short summary of Kepler 11 and the Kepler Mission. I understand that the orbital period of a planet is a function of its velocity and distance from the star, and the mass of the star will also factor in. Question: Is the mass of the planet also a factor? In other words, does a...

Question is very simple that if orbital motion obeys ideal law's then there must be a ideal force that runs this systen...Can you identifid the force?...waiting your ideas

Hello, I'm trying to calculate the measurement of the orbital angular momentum of the state l=1 and m = -1. The operator for the angular momentum squared is ## L^2 = -\hbar (\frac{1}{sin\theta}(\frac{\partial}{\partial \theta}(sin\theta\frac{\partial}{\partial \theta}))...

I know that total magnetic moment of an electron (I am not sure if it is magnetic moment of electron or atom, please clarify this) is sum of magnetic moment caused by orbital motion and spin angular momentum. So, Total magnetic moment = Orbital magnetic moment + spin magnetic moment Do I have...

Homework Statement Consider a central force is attractive but which passes through the force center. In other words, consider an orbit of radius a which is centered at (a,0), with the force center at the origin c.) Suppose the speed at the apogee is v0 Find the oribital speed v as a function of...

I'm working on a story set on the moon post-industrialization. The moon has an orbital ring with a spinning exterior to simulate Earth gravity. People work on the surface in lunar grav, then go up to live on the ring under conditions more favorable for human bodies. Two questions I need to...

I can't find on any good source (such as a textbook) a precise specification about the cases when Hund's rules (especially Hund's third rule) for an electronic configuration of atom are valid (the rules help to select the lowest energy state of a configuration). As far as I understood: Hund’s...

Hello, I encountered the following statement in my lecture notes and there is a couple of things I don't understand:"Let's consider two particles with spins ##s_1 = \frac{1}{2}## and ## s_2 = 1## with a spherically symmetric interaction potential. Assume these two particles are in a two...

Homework Statement Satellite 1 has mass m1 & radius R1 and satellite 2 has mass m2 and radius 2R1 Which satellite’s speed is greater? Question and my attempt are shown in the attached file. Homework Equations V= √GM/R The Attempt at a Solution I am not sure if my steps are correct, but if...

Molecular orbital Atomic orbital Ionic orbital I have learned molecular orbital theory, and it says antibonding orbital is of higher energy than bonding orbital. what are molecular and atomic orbitals?

Would the velocity of a body which is orbiting another body change due to its radius to the center of gravity? If so, why? A body which moves passed a planet and starts orbiting it should have the same velocity it had before ,regarding the fact that it is orbiting a planet. Also, gravity isn’t...

I have been going through problems in my textbook and have a question. The chapter is on gravitation and orbital mechanics. When answering the problems I seem to head towards different methods than what the book prescribes. My answers, primarily using known orbital equations, are close, but not...

Greg Bernhardt submitted a new PF Insights post Orbital Mechanics in Unity Game Engine for Augmented Reality Continue reading the Original PF Insights Post.

When light is shown through hydrogen gas, three colors of light appear. The issue I have with this is that hydrogen has one electron, meaning somehow the electron has to be emitting all three of these colors simultaneously. This, however, would be impossible since a single electron can only make...

Who am I kidding? Of course it is. But, everywhere I look, the series of increasing levels of orbitals is till σ*2pz only That's all. So if I need to find bond order of , say, some molecule with greater number of e- like BF3 with 24 electrons, how do I proceed?

Hello, in classical physics orbital angular momentum is defined as the cross product of the position vector 'r' and the momentum 'p'. A friend told me that all moving objects must have orbital angular momentum (even if it is moving along a straight line). That statement confuses me a lot...

I need to scale my solar system model and it's not working. I'm making an augmented reality app that shows a sample solar system rotating. It works great! (Thanks to this $7 program https://assetstore.unity.com/packages/tools/physics/gravity-and-orbits-solar-system-105300 . The Unity engine...

can two planets share the same orbit