What is Perpendicular: Definition and 509 Discussions
In elementary geometry, the property of being perpendicular (perpendicularity) is the relationship between two lines which meet at a right angle (90 degrees). The property extends to other related geometric objects.
A line is said to be perpendicular to another line if the two lines intersect at a right angle. Explicitly, a first line is perpendicular to a second line if (1) the two lines meet; and (2) at the point of intersection the straight angle on one side of the first line is cut by the second line into two congruent angles. Perpendicularity can be shown to be symmetric, meaning if a first line is perpendicular to a second line, then the second line is also perpendicular to the first. For this reason, we may speak of two lines as being perpendicular (to each other) without specifying an order.
Perpendicularity easily extends to segments and rays. For example, a line segment
A
B
¯
{\displaystyle {\overline {AB}}}
is perpendicular to a line segment
C
D
¯
{\displaystyle {\overline {CD}}}
if, when each is extended in both directions to form an infinite line, these two resulting lines are perpendicular in the sense above. In symbols,
A
B
¯
⊥
C
D
¯
{\displaystyle {\overline {AB}}\perp {\overline {CD}}}
means line segment AB is perpendicular to line segment CD. For information regarding the perpendicular symbol see Up tack.
A line is said to be perpendicular to a plane if it is perpendicular to every line in the plane that it intersects. This definition depends on the definition of perpendicularity between lines.
Two planes in space are said to be perpendicular if the dihedral angle at which they meet is a right angle (90 degrees).
Perpendicularity is one particular instance of the more general mathematical concept of orthogonality; perpendicularity is the orthogonality of classical geometric objects. Thus, in advanced mathematics, the word "perpendicular" is sometimes used to describe much more complicated geometric orthogonality conditions, such as that between a surface and its normal.
Homework Statement
Line 1: x-3/3k+1=Y+6/2=Z+3/2K
Line 2: x+7/3=y+8/-2k=z+9/-3
Homework Equations
Cross product and dot product
The Attempt at a Solution
vector equation for line 1: (x,y,z)=(4,-4,-3)+k(3,0,2)
vector equation for line 2: (x,y,z)=(-4,-8,-12)+k(0,-2,0)
The...
Help: Perpendicular project is regular surface??
(edit found a better way of showing this)
Homework Statement
Hi
I have this problem here which is causing me trouble.
Show that the perpendicular projection of the center (0,0,0) of the ellipsoid
\frac{x^2}{a^2} + \frac{y^2}{b^2}...
Could someone point me in the correct direction? I have no problem working out the angles and lines, but when one has to take into account the perpendicular, then I get confused. It is clear that the relationships are altered, but I am missing something? I have made worked further in the problem...
A Tangent to the parabola y = 3x^2 - 7x + 5 is perpendicular to x + 5y - 10 = 0
Determine the equation of the tangent
i really don't know where to start!
Hi,
I'm trying to figure out how you can calculate motional EMF when the velocity of the object in question is not perpendicular to the magnetic field. There are two equations in my textbook, but the text describing them is not very helpful.
The first is \varepsilon = vBL, which can be...
Homework Statement
Prove that the straight line x cos @ + y sin @ = p is a tangent to the ellipse x2/a2 + y2/b2 if a2 cos2@ + b2 sin2@ =p2 .
u and v are the perpendicular distances of a tangent from the two points M(0,ae) and N(0,-ae) respectively. Prove that u2 + v2 is a constant...
Homework Statement
A rod of length 0.1m has a uniform linear charge density of 3C/m. Determine the Electric field at a point d=P located at a perpendicular distance 1m along a line of symmetry of the rod.
The Attempt at a Solution
I know i have to use super position and integrate but I...
Find the equations for a line that is perpendicular to both of the following lines
x/3 = y/2 = z/2
x/5 = y/3 = (z-4)/2
---
cross product:
<3,2,2> x <5,3,2> = <-2,4,-1>
then the line is
(x-a)/2 = (b-y)/4 = (z-c)/1
but the answer is supposed to be
(1/2)x - (52/7) = (-1/4)y +...
Ok, this is a question I've been pondering lately.. I'm sorry if it's in the wrong forum, I just don't know where I should put it! So... Without further ado...
Imagine you are looking at yourself in a mirror. There are particles of light that are moving from your body to the mirror, and back...
Hi All.
Homework Statement
Consider the function F(x) = kx^2 + 3.
a.) If the tangent lines to the graph of F at (t, F(t) ) and (-t , F(-t)) are perpendicular, find t in terms of k.
b) Find the slopes of the tangent lines mentioned in part (a).
c.) Find the coordinates of the...
Homework Statement
http://math.berkeley.edu/~teleman/53f08/review2.pdf
Question #4
Homework Equations
Not sure
The Attempt at a Solution
I have no idea...
I really don't care about the answer, I have that, but I just don't know how to find out if a vector field is...
Homework Statement
perpendicular
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a)Find the equation of the plane that contains points (2,-1,4) , (3,2,-1)
and perpendicular to the plane x+y+2z=3
b)Find the equation of the plane containing the point...
Homework Statement
I'm awful with vectors. I know the dot product rule and the uses to find perpendicular vectors and angles. I know about multiplying vectors (a1b1 + a2b2 + a3b3). I know vector arithmetic.
But i can't do:
r = 8i + 12j + 14k + t(i + j - k)
where t is a parameter...
Okay, this is a conceptual problem that I'm sure is easy, but is bugging me:
I have two wires lying in the xy-plane. They're perpendicular, with one wire lying along the y-axis and on along the x-axis. The current in each wire points along the y and x axes, respectively.
Now: What's the...
Determine whether the planes are perpindicular
(-2, 1, 4) . (x-1, y, z+3) = 0 (PLANE A)
(1, -2, 1) . (x+3, y-5, z) = 0 (PLANE B)
Here's what I have figured out so far:
Plane A passes through (1,0,-3) and is perpendicular to (-2,1,4)
Plane B passes through (-3, 5, 0) and is...
Homework Statement
Does the curve y=x^2 have two different tangents which are perpendicular? Does the curve y=x^3?
The Attempt at a Solution
I have no idea how to prove that for x^2 or x^3.
(x^2)' =2x that is tangent at a point x
then m = -1/2 x for another point...
How do i prove...
Homework Statement
Question states "The plane that contains the line r=<-2,4,3>+t<3,2-1> and is perpendicular to the plane r=<5,0,0>+s<2,1,0>+t<-1,0,1> is:"
Answer is y+2z=10
Homework Equations
Cross product and dot product of vectors
The Attempt at a Solution
I found a...
[[URGENT]]Vof solid with circular base&right isoceloes perpendicular cross sections
Homework Statement
so there is a circle described by the equation x^2+y^2=1 with right isosceles triangles perpendicular to it. each of the triangles is touching the circle with one of its LEGS, with the 90...
Homework Statement
In the figure are two perpendicular mirrors. The origin is shown by the axes. I am asked to find the positions of each of the images that the observer at point O sees.
The coordinates that I found were (-1,2) , (1,-2) , and (1,2),
however, my book insists that the...
if A, B, C are vectors from origin to the points A, B, C show that the following is perpendicular to the plane ABC: (AxB) + (BxC) + (CxA)
I am having trouble setting up the problem. I can't understand the vector A, B, C. is vector A = Ai + Aj + Ak? and so on?
Homework Statement
Find the line through (4, 1, -1) that intersects and is perpendicular to the line
{
x = -1 +t
y = -2 + t
z = 1 +t
}
Homework Equations
if they are perpendicular, the dot product of two vectors has to be zero.
The book gives me another hint, if (x, y, z) is the...
Homework Statement
Here's the problem:Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (-3,1,4) and perpendicular to the trace of the plane x-3y+7z-3=0 in the xy plane.
Homework Equations
to me this should be as easy as finding the two coordiates of the plane's traces on the x...
Homework Statement
Line 1's equation is given as r(t) = <t, t, 1-t>. Line 2 passes through the origin and is perpendicular to line 1. Find the equation of line 2.
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
If it is a 2-D case then it would be a lot easier, since m1 x m2 = -1...
1) If given a surface with the equation z=x^2+ y^2 and we need to find the parametric equation of line perpendicular to the tangent plane at the point (a, b, a^2+b^2).
We can find the del (x,y,z) and then substitute the point to the del and finally we write it into the parametric form of...
Hello, this is a question from a pure mathematics textbook:
(2D vectors)
The vectors a and b are of equal magnitute k (k does not equal 0), and the angle between a and b is 60 degrees. If c=3a-b and d=2a-10b
A) Show that c and d are perpendicular vectors.
(Sadler, A.J., Thorning, D.W.S...
So, I've solved many problems involving parallel sheets of conductors (finite, semi-infinite, and infinite) and also finite sheets at a given angle to each other. I can post the results to these if it may be useful, but I'm more interested in sheets that are perpendicular.
Consider a...
Homework Statement
Find the vector, parametric and symmetric equations of a line that intersect both line 1 and line 2 at 90°.
L1 :
x = 4 + 2t
y = 8 + 3t
z = -1 - 4t
L2 :
x = 7 - 6t
y = 2+ t
z = -1 + 2t
Homework Equations
\vec{a}1 - \vec{a}2 + \vec{b}1t - \vec{b}2s...
Homework Statement
The equation for the line that goes through vector points A and B is
i - 5j - 7k + t(9i + 15j + 12k)
A is defined: i - 5j - 7k
B is defined: 10i + 10j + 5k
Find the position vector of point P such that OP is perpendicular to AB
The Attempt at a Solution...
Homework Statement
Prove that Vector A is perpendicular to Vector B if |VectorA + VectorB| = |VectorA-VectorB| and use this to prove that the angle formed by joining any point on a circle to the end points of a diameter is 90 degrees,
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
I...
Homework Statement
I've derived the EM wave equations from Maxwell's equations, and I now need to show that the E and B components are both perpendicular to each other and to the direction of propagation.
The textbook I've been using attempts to show why this is, but it isn't particularly...
A rectangular block of mass 50kg is held by a rope on a rough surface inclined at 0.6 radians.
Assume that the coefficient of static friction is 0.2, determine what force needs to be applied to the rope to keep the block from slipping.
I did this by resolving parallel and perpendicular to...
Two very long fixed wires cross each other perpendicularly. They remain infinitely close together but do not touch and remain electrically isolated from each other. Equal currecnts flow in each wire. Indicate the locus of points in the plane containing the wires where the net magnetic field is...
Homework Statement
Let L be a line in R3 passing through(-1,1,2) and is perpendicular to vectors V1 (-1,1,-1)
and V2 (1,1,1). Find an equation for L in parametric form.
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
using vector V2
(x,y,z)(1,1,1)=(1,1,1)(-1,1,2)
A possible...
Homework Statement
Find the line ... . Show that it is perpendicular to the plane A and find the angle that the line makes with the plane B
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
I've found the line, but how do I go about showing it's perpendicular and finding the angle?
Determine a constant real number k such that the lines AB and CD are perpendicular.
A(1,2), B(4,0), C(k,2), D(1,-3). (answer given is k=-3/2)
If two lines are perpendicular the product of their slopes is -1.
The slope of AB is \frac{0-2}{4-1} = \frac{-2}{3}
The slope of CD is...
Hi all,
Am trying to teach myself vector geometry but don't quite understand certain things.
If you are know three points on a plane, how do you find the normal to the plane?
Homework Statement
Determine the equation of the plane that contains the points A(1, 2, 3) and B(2, 3, -1) and is perpendicular to the plane 3x + y + z + 1=0. I think I know how to do it with only one point, not two
The Attempt at a Solution
I know that v= normal so it would be (3, 1...
Hi,
please anyone hlep me this statement. I am doing online quiz. one question I am getting problem. so, i want to know this statement true or false...
The electric field is perpendicular to the electrostatic force ( T or F)
Thansk!.
Hey guys; I am studying calculus and i came across a problem for which the book does not have an answer...
how do i find the equation of a plane perpendicular to vector (2i+3j+4k) and passing though
the point (1,2,3)
^^the numbers are some i just made up and no this is not a homework...
[SOLVED] Moment of Inertia Problem: Perpendicular Axes THM
Homework Statement
First, the problem asked us to basically prove the Perp. Axes Thm and then use it to prove that the MoI of a thin, uniform square sheet with mass M and side L through ANY axis in its plane is equal to 1/2 M L^2...
This is sort of a simple question.
If there is a point P near a function F(x), then, so long as F(x) is continuous, the shortest distance between P and F(x) would be along a line connecting P and F(x), in which it is perpendicular to the tangent of F(x) at the point of intersection.
Is...
Homework Statement
Vectors A, B and C are vectors from the origin to the points a, b, c respectively, and the Vector D is defined as
D= (AxB)+(BxC)+(CxA)
Show that D is Perpendicular to the plane in which the points A, B, and C lie
Homework Equations
Cross Product
The Attempt...
Homework Statement
Hi, it's my first post and I'm not sure whether it's the right category to post anyway. Please help me though :) I have to "construct" theoretically a superposition of magnetic fields for the introduction of my tokamak-related diploma thesis. First task was to find the...
Why the charged particles flow perpendicular to the magnetic field??
It might seems like a electrical physics problem..
I need to understand why the charged particles flow perpendicular to the magnetic field..
Any idea??
Homework Statement
Find the line through (3, 1, -2) that intersects and is perpendicular to the line x = -1 + t, y = -2 + t, z = -1 + t.
Homework Equations
line l through P (x1, y1, z1) and Q (x2, y2, z2) has the following form
x = x1 + (x2 - x1)t
y = y1 + (y2 - y1)t
z = z1 + (z2 -...
Find an equation of the plane that passes through point P(-4, 2, 1) and is perpendicular to the plane x+5y+2z=3
i really feel stupid with this question, i know how to do just about every other equation like this, just not with a plane perpendicular to another with a point, if anyone can just get...
Homework Statement
Write an equation of the perpendicular bisector of the segment joining the points (7,0) and (1,8).Homework Equations
Midpoint formula, Perpendicular slope (negative reciprocal of a line is the slope of a line perpendicular to the first line)
The Attempt at a Solution...
Homework Statement
In a velocity selector E and B fields are perpendicular. Which of the following conditions on the direction of the particle's velocity can result in no net force assuming the E and B are nonzero?
Homework Equations
F = Eq + q(vxB)
The Attempt at a Solution
The...