Resonance Definition and 658 Threads

Resonance describes the phenomenon of increased amplitude that occurs when the frequency of a periodically applied force (or a Fourier component of it) is equal or close to a natural frequency of the system on which it acts. When an oscillating force is applied at a resonant frequency of a dynamic system, the system will oscillate at a higher amplitude than when the same force is applied at other, non-resonant frequencies.Frequencies at which the response amplitude is a relative maximum are also known as resonant frequencies or resonance frequencies of the system. Small periodic forces that are near a resonant frequency of the system have the ability to produce large amplitude oscillations in the system due to the storage of vibrational energy.
Resonance phenomena occur with all types of vibrations or waves: there is mechanical resonance, acoustic resonance, electromagnetic resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron spin resonance (ESR) and resonance of quantum wave functions. Resonant systems can be used to generate vibrations of a specific frequency (e.g., musical instruments), or pick out specific frequencies from a complex vibration containing many frequencies (e.g., filters).
The term resonance (from Latin resonantia, 'echo', from resonare, 'resound') originated from the field of acoustics, particularly the sympathetic resonance observed in musical instruments, e.g., when one string starts to vibrate and produce sound after a different one is struck.

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  1. L

    Usage of absorption and magnitude mode spectra in nuclear magnetic resonance

    In nuclear magnetic resonance, when should one process spectra in absorption mode and when - in magnitude mode? What is benefit of using the first one and the second one? For example, I need to integrate spectrum. In this case, what should I use - absorption or magnitude mode?
  2. P

    Understanding resonance in a spring

    I have the equation $$\frac{d^2y}{dt^2} + 5y = 0$$ where I've worked out $$y = Acos(\sqrt5t) + Bsin(\sqrt 5 t)$$ $$y'' = -5Bsin(\sqrt 5 t) $$ using $$y = e^{\lambda x}$$ and using y(0) = 0 (the spring is released from equilibrium) so an external force $$Acos(\omega(t - \phi))$$ is applied so...
  3. A

    Is this an allowed solution? - 2nd order harmonic oscillation

    It is true that at resonance frequency the phase-shift between input and output is 90 degrees, so my mind would think that this is ok. But I am kind of unsure because of the whole dividing by zero part. If this isn't allowed: is there any way to calculate/measure the damping coefficient with...
  4. Another

    1-D wave resonance in the case of an Open-Ended String

    ## \frac{1}{v^2} \frac{∂^2y}{{∂t}^2} = \frac{∂^2y}{{∂x}^2} ## and general solution ## y = A sin(kx+ωt)+ B cos(kx+ωt) ## http://blogs.bu.edu/ggarber/archive/bua-py-25/waves-and-sound/standing-waves-in-strings-and-pipes/ In case fixed at both ends The condition is ##y(0,t) = 0 ## and ##y(L,t) =...
  5. K

    What is the governing equation of a spring with sinusoidal excitation?

    Hi, Most of the spring vibration lectures assume spring to be fixed on one end and mass on the other end [Example]. In my case, spring has a sinusoidal excitation on one end and mass on other end. Pl. refer the image below. How to get the governing equation? With that I also want to find the...
  6. dRic2

    Resonance escape probability after a change in temperature

    Hi, I'm reading Lamarsh's book "Introduction to nuclear reactor theory" and in chapter 7 he discusses the influence of temperature on the resonance escape probability. He states that after an increase in Temperature, as a consequence of Doppler broadening, the microscopic absorption cross...
  7. PSuran

    Acoustic resonance - Absorption vs Transmissibility

    Hi everyone. Firstly, I'm not a physicist, so relatively "intuitive" explanations would be greatly appreciated :) I'm confused by the following: Let's say we have a partition / wall, which resonates at a specific natural frequency. If the resonance is relatively high Q (low damping), then...
  8. nineteen

    What tutorial for Resonance structures?

    Hello everybody, I am stuck with drawing resonance structures for different types of compounds. Do you know any tutorials or any methods to master drawing resonance structures? If yes, please be kind enough to drop some links and statements below. Thank you very much in advance.
  9. Edge5

    How Do Resonant MEMS Accelerometers Detect Changes in Acceleration?

    Hello, Suppose that I have a resonant MEMS accelerometer. It has a suspending beam (resonator) and I want to apply an AC voltage to the beam which will be at beam's resonant(natural) frequency. When I do this, I will create a standing wave pattern of acoustic waves (vibrations) inside the...
  10. N

    Acoustic Resonance in Fluid-Filled Cavities

    I am trying to understand the physics of resonance phenomenon. One can find the resonant modes of a water filled spherical cavity either analytically or by using the FEM eigenvalue analysis (K-ω2n M = 0, with K and M being the usual stiffness ans mass matrices in FEM). For the later, we usually...
  11. lia256

    Mechanical Resonance Lab Questions

    Hey everyone. I have a lab with questions we have to answer but I don't really have any access to equipment. I still have to answer the questions to the best of my ability and any help will be appreciated! 1. Homework Statement A string is attached to two retort stands and two equal masses...
  12. N

    Does resonance always affect acidity and basicity?

    Does resonance affect the acidity of an acid (or the basicity of its conjugate base) if the resonance isn't delocalizing the charge on the atom that is directly attached to the atom with the proton, hydrogen itself. For example a benzene ring with a carboxylic acid group attached to one side...
  13. MatthijsRog

    What constitutes a closed end in acoustic resonance in tubes

    Dear all, For my students, I'm currently trying out some experiments they can do to simulate acoustic processes. One of the topics that we will be discussing is that of standing waves. Although I have never done it before--I come from a completely different background--I want to create...
  14. M

    Does a Propagator Only Have an Imaginary Part On-Shell?

    Homework Statement (This is part of a problem from Schwarz book on QFT). 1. Show that a propagator only has an imaginary part if it goes on-shell. Explicitly, show that $$Im(M)=-\pi\delta(p^2-m^2)$$ when $$iM=\frac{i}{p^2-m^2+i\epsilon}$$ 2. Loops of particles can produce effective...
  15. john-b

    Why Does Covering One End of a Pipe Change the Pitch of the Sound Produced?

    Homework Statement [/B] When a stream of air is directed over the end of a 40 cm long piece of plastic pipe, open at both ends, a sound is produced. (a) Explain why this occurs (b) If the bottom end of the pipe is covered, what will happen to the pitch of the sound? Explain Homework Equations...
  16. E

    A Electron spin resonance in metals

    In practice, ESR/EPR seems to concern only unpaired electrons in the outer layers of organic radicals or complexes. But what about the free electrons of metals? Does it also give rise to a signal? I can't find any information on the web. Thanks
  17. S

    A Question about Helmholtz resonance

    Perhaps my question has to do with Helmholtz resonance, perhaps not. That's why I'm here. ;-) Here's my question: Say you have a large steel oil drum that is half full of water. If you bang on the side of the drum towards the top with another metallic object, what exactly is making the sound...
  18. G

    Resonance between spring and pendulum: Different frequencies

    Hi. I have a spring with spring constant 30 N/m and a mass of 0.5 kg. With the mass at the bottom, the spring has the length 58 cm at rest. If I now pull down the mass and release it, it starts with a vertical oscillation, then the spring also starts to swing sideways like a pendulum and the...
  19. Krushnaraj Pandya

    Resonance energy per ring in benzene, napthalene, anthracene

    Homework Statement Compare resonance energy per ring in benzene, napthalene and anthracene Homework Equations -- The Attempt at a Solution I know Resonance energy of benzene is 36 KCal/mol, I also know anthracene is the most stable followed by napthalene so their resonance energy is in the...
  20. W

    What factors influence a material's natural frequency?

    Hi all, Wanted to get some insight on a technical level as to what are the most fundamental factors which influence a materials natural frequency? Looking for theory based insight not impirical characteristics.
  21. S

    Vibration of a mass connected via preloaded spring

    The setup: I have a mass (m1)connected to a much, much larger mass (m2) via a preloaded spring. They start out in contact because the preloaded spring holds them together. Now suppose the large mass is subject to vibrations, possibly at the resonance of the structure. Will the two masses...
  22. R

    Stability Order of resonating structures

    I have uploaded the picture of the structures because I couldn't figure out how to type. Its vinyl chloride. According to me the order should be I>III>II because I has no charge so it must be most stable in II we have Cl an electronegative element bearing positive charge which makes it...
  23. I

    I Invariant mass plots for resonance 'particles'

    The interaction p + π- → n + π- + π + may proceed by the creation of an intermediate 'particle' or resonance called a rho. This can be detected as a peak in the plot of invariant rest mass energy of the emergent pions versus frequency of pions observed. My question is quite simply, invariant...
  24. C

    I Are resonances formed in the scattering of a baryon and a meson?

    Consider the following reaction of strong interaction (in a scattering process) $$n+\pi^+\to \Lambda_0+K^+\tag{1}$$ Then the particle ##\Lambda_0## formed decays with weak interaction $$\Lambda_0\to \pi^+ +p\tag{2}$$ For each decay process I measure the four momenta of ##K^+##, ##\pi^+##...
  25. R

    A Free bar fundamental vibration relationship length to width

    When finding the fundamental for thin bars, the approximate equation (http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Music/barres.html) only refers to the length and thickness when calculating. I'm trying to figure out the frequency and node location along the length and width of the fundamental...
  26. Bassam Shehadeh

    A Nuclear size at resonance states

    I'd appreciate any reference or citation shows what is the change of the nuclear radius at resonance states, especially for 56Fe and 40Ca. Thank you
  27. F

    Drawing the resonance contributors for the following compound

    Homework Statement Draw all the resonance contributors for the following strucutre [/B] https://imgur.com/ZCoYEz7 Homework Equations (none)[/B]The Attempt at a Solution t I have two current resonance structures drawn I am just not sure if there are any more, can someone please confirm, if...
  28. H

    Frequency for resonance to occur

    Homework Statement That is a speaker. Sound wave is sent out from spesker S into pipe of uniform thickness. Piston P move to left 1st resonance at 0.045 m 2nd resonance at 0.151 m Frequency of the sounx 1620 Hz Piston is stopped at the position that 2nd resonance occur Then, frequency...
  29. B

    Derivation of resonant frequency for SHM systems

    Homework Statement My question here isn't a specific question that has been given for homework, but a more general one. For an assignment I have to 'derive an expression for the resonant frequency, ω0' for two different systems, the first for 'a mass M connected to rigid walls via two springs'...
  30. janiceyyyyyy

    Investigating Voltage, Capacitance & Resonance in DC/AC Circuits

    I have done an experimeny to investigate how the voltage across a capacitor, Vc varies as it charges and to find the capacitive time constant in a DC RC circuits and Study resonance in an AC inductor-capacitor circuit (AC LRC circuit). I am now having trouble in writing the source of error of...
  31. E

    How to know when an LC circuit hits resonance

    I have been having issues with a series LC circuit. I have a supply voltage of 6.96 volts, across the inductor is 7.04 volts and the capacitor voltage is 7.17 volts. The capacitor has a capacitance of 45uFarad and a supply frequency of 250 hertz. I don't know what the inductance is of the...
  32. slow

    B Can time travel affect cell phone communication?

    Hi. Perhaps it falls into a fallacy similar to the attempt to deny the Second Principle of Thermodynamics, misrepresenting the statistical and probabilistic interpretation. I will also expose what causes me curiosity. My cell phone and the base of the service communicate with each other because...
  33. S

    Frequency of a wave at resonance

    Homework Statement A 1.2 m tube is closed at one end. A stretched wire is placed near the open end. The wire is 0.330 m long and has a mass of 9.6 g. It is fixed at both ends and oscillates in its fundamental mode. By resonance, it sets the air column in the tube into oscillation at that...
  34. ForumGuy

    Can the Sum of Second Derivatives of Charges be Claimed in a CLC Circuit?

    1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data Homework Equations Capacitor (C): v(t) = (1/c)*q(t) Inductor (L): v(t) = L(d^2q(t)/dt^2) The Attempt at a Solution Using Kirchoff's Loop law, the sum of voltages around each loop must be 0. I think I can thus claim the following...
  35. entropy1

    B Oscillations in a driven spring

    If I have a spring with resonance frequency fres and I drive it with frequency fdrive, the spring will oscillate in a superposition of two frequencies, right? Which frequencies are they?
  36. D

    Finding the magnetization in nuclear magnetic resonance

    Homework Statement J-coupling term between two spins is HJ = ħJ/4 σz(1) σz(2) In the measured magnetization spectrum of the spins, this leads to the splitting of the individual spin lines by frequency J, which we’ll now derive. We can write the magnetization of spin 1 as: <M1(t)> =...
  37. B

    I Feshbach resonance: ELI5 or resources for undergraduate

    I'm working on a description of ultracold chemistry and one of the modes of tuning the interactions involves Feshbach resonance. Right now I'm referring to Feshbach's original piece and accompanying it with Pethick and Smith book titled Bose-Einstein Condensation in Dilute Gases, specifically...
  38. Nick Amos

    Mechanical Physics for the sake of Horology

    My Introduction -Berklee Grad -Machinist -Father of two -HUGE horology nerd In joining this website I hope to gain some deeper understanding of the mathematics and predicted behaviors of a Spherical Pendulum. I stumbled across a physics paper, several actually on the subject that peaked...
  39. A

    I Confusion about Corotational and Lindblad resonance

    Hi, I’m a bit confused about the definitions of corotational and Lindblad resonances. They’re given by; Corotational resonance This resonance occurs when the orbit moves at the same angular speed as the forcing. Lindblad resonance an orbital resonance in which an object's epicyclic frequency...
  40. D

    I Physics -- Need help understanding the concept of resonance please

    I need help about the concept of resonance. I will be thanksful if someone help me. Please consider a system has two natural frequencies, and resonance will occur at two these natural frequencies. Now my question is what is different between these two renosances that has occured? And Which...
  41. EF17xx

    The Resonating Wineglass Problem: Understanding the Equation and Variables

    I have done an experiment where I vary the levels of water in a wineglass and record the frequencies it produces which differ depending on the height of the water. Below you see 1 equation, apparently I can use this equation to mathematically prove my results from my experiment, (this equation...
  42. A

    Spin alignment in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

    I'm reading about the theory behind MRI, specifically from Farr's Physics for Medical Imaging, 2nd Edition, by Allisy-Roberts and Williams. According to this book, the spins of the free protons in a sample line up, either parallel or antiparallel, with the externally applied magnetic field. In...
  43. W

    RLC Circuits - Q Factor and Amplitude

    Homework Statement Imagine you have two RLC circuits you are trying to scan for resonances. They have identical resonant frequencies, but circuit 1 has a very high Q-factor (Q1 >> 1), and circuit 2 has a very low Q-factor (Q2 < 1). Let's assume you are already on resonance and looking at V(out)...
  44. S

    I Vibrations of astronomical bodies

    Pulsars are known to rotate at very predictable frequencies. If a beep or short tone is assigned to each rotation, the spin of the star can be 'sonified'. Pulsars spin anywhere from a few fractions of times per second to over 600 per second. 600 cycles is audible in the human range of hearing...
  45. B

    Driven resonance v. natural resonance

    I am in a physics lab course and we set up the following circuit. Given that we had a 150 milliHenry capacitor and a .5 microfarad capacitor, we calculated the expected resonance frequency using the formula for the natural frequency of an LC circuit: omega = 1/ sqrt(LC). We then measured the...
  46. O

    Resonance absorbtion of neutrons

    Hi, As you may know, the following equation gives the number of neutrons absorbed per cm3/sec in a resonance region. Fa=Φav∫∑a(E) dE So, it is said in Lamarsh, introduction to nuclear engineering, that Φav depends on temperature. I do not get this because I know that the flux is something we...
  47. P

    LCR series circuits and average power

    Homework Statement One type of tuning circuit used in radio receivers is a series LCR circuit. You like listening to a station1 that transmits 99.3 MHz in . The government wants to make 100.1 MHz available to station2. Assume that the transmitters of the two stations are equally powerful and...
  48. P

    Engineering How Do You Solve RCL Circuit Problems Using Kirchhoff's Loop Rule?

    Homework Statement I'm just really lost on this topic and honestly don't have too much of an idea. (a) Using Kirchoff's loop rule, find the differential equation satisfied by the charge q(t). (b) Verify that q(t) = q_max e^-(a/t) cos(ωt) satisfies the differential equation for particular...
  49. J

    NAD+ / NADH Question: Absorption peaks and spectra

    Hi guys, Im new here so I am going to get right to it. Excuse my grammer I am on my mobile. So I am trying to understand the difference in absorbance spectra of NAD+ and NADH. I have seen this touched on on this site but not directly answered. NAD+, with an apparent two aromatic structures...
  50. DaveC426913

    B Resonance in large objects, say a cruise liner

    This is naive question, born in a half-conscious imagination, being rocked to sleep. On a (very) recent vacation, I took a cruise aboard the MSC Orchestra, almost 300 metres long and almost 100,000 tons. During medium-high seas, I lay in my bunk (midship, near top deck, 120 feet up) and felt...
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