State Definition and 1000 Threads

Ondo State is a state in southwestern Nigeria. Created in February 1976 from the former Western State, Ondo State borders Ekiti State (formally part of the state) to the north, Kogi State to the northeast, Edo State to the east, Delta State to the southwest, Osun State to the northwest, and Atlantic Ocean to the south. The state's capital is Akure, the former capital of the ancient Akure Kingdom.
Nicknamed the "Sunshine State", Ondo State is the 18th largest state in the country. The state is predominantly Yoruba, and the Yoruba language is commonly spoken. The state economy is dominated by the petroleum industry, with cocoa production, asphalt mining, and activities utilizing the state's extensive coastline also serving as major economic factors.

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  1. Z

    Does exchange of identical particles lead to new state?

    Does an exchange of two identifical particles (electrons) lead to a new microscopic state?
  2. Rohan Patil

    Thermodynamics Entropy state function?

    Entropy of any system is state dependent. I just read about thermodynamics and I got this question. I first set my system which contained my classroom, the hallway connecting my physics teacher's cabin and the classroom. Then let the entropy of the system be S when I was going to the classroom...
  3. B

    Question about the State of Piezoelectronics

    So another thread here got me thinking about piezoelectronics. From what I saw there and from what I can find, people have only been able to produce voltages capable of charging 1.2V batteries. Are there any that are capable of charging 3.7V batteries or has our technology not progressed that far?
  4. A

    How Can We Prove the Probability Formula for a Two-State System?

    I started to study statistical physics from a book, and it starts with basics about statistics and probabilities (which are things mostly new for me). In the book there is the following statement: "The simplest non-trivial system which we can investigate using probability theory is one for...
  5. D

    Atomic dipole moment for a superposition state

    Hi all, I'm trying to understand how to calculate the time dependent expectation value of the atomic dipole moment for a superposition state, and I have a good guess to check with you. Say we have \psi = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \left[ \psi _{100} + \psi _{310} \right] at t = 0. Then, for t > 0: \Psi...
  6. T

    Exploring the Role of Z2 Invariant and Edge States in Topological Insulators

    I have been reading about Z2 topological invariant recently. However, after some literature survey, I still cannot understand Z2 invariant in language of time reversal polarization. Basically, my struggle includes the following two questions: As the ref paper says(see the picture below): On...
  7. Q

    Harmonic oscillator coherent state wavefunction

    Hi, I am trying to find the wavefunction of a coherent state of the harmonic oscillator ( potential mw2x2/2 ) with eigenvalue of the lowering operator: b. I know you can do this is many ways, but I cannot figure out why this particular method does not work. It can be shown (and you can find...
  8. E

    Ground state and stationary states

    Can you please explain the difference between ground state and stationary state? In the stationary state, are the electrons at rest inside the atom?
  9. M

    Finding Turbine Inlet State - Thermodynamics

    Homework Statement max. Turbine work output rate: 6.0MW Turbine isentropic efficiency: 90% Turbine exit state (isentropic): 40KPa, x=92% Turbine and pump actual process are assumed adiabatic Find turbine inlet state: Pinlet, Tinlet, Sinlet Homework Equations W = ΔH h = hf + xhfg The Attempt...
  10. O

    Satellite Access from state vectors

    I've been trying to figure out how to calculate if a satellite is in view of a ground station (and above a certain elevation) using just position vectors for both satellite and ground station. Does anyone know of an equation, algorithm, etc. that does this? Thanks
  11. P

    Do each point in solid have a special energy state?

    do each point in solid have a special energy state?
  12. kq6up

    Coefficients of a Superposition of State Vectors?

    Homework Statement (f) At t = 0, a particle of mass m trapped in an infinite square well of width L is in a superposition of the first excited state and the fifth excited state, ψs(x, 0) = A (3φ1(x) − 2iφ5(x)) , where the φn(x) are correctly-normalized energy eigenstates with energies En. Which...
  13. S

    Change of state and potential energy

    A book said that the PE of molecules increase during melting of ice but shouldn't it be decrease since the distance between molecules increase ?Isnt the force between the molecules determine the PE?
  14. K

    What theories in solid state should every physicist know?

    [Moderator's Note: Changed level of thread to "Advanced" based on the topics being asked about, all are graduate level topics.] I feel that I have an inadequate understanding of many important concepts in condensed matter physics, so I want to try to learn at least the most basic parts. So what...
  15. Mr Wolf

    Pauli Exclusion Principle: how does an electron know its state?

    This is one of those question you won't find the answer in any book. From Wikipedia: it is impossible for two electrons of a poly-electron atom to have the same values of the four quantum numbers (n, ℓ, mℓ and ms). But how can an electron know the state (the quantum numbers) of the other...
  16. ZAN Nabil

    Solid State Good resources for introductory solid state physics and QM

    Hello,I'm new here and this is my first post. I am a freshman electronics and communication engineering student.I didn't study any quantum mechanics or solid state physics before(not in high school). But for my first year course i need to study solid state physics.The books we are suggested to...
  17. E

    Questions about the state of nuclear power in the U.S.

    What do you know and think about the state of power in general in the United States (for example the coal industry)? What do you know and think about the state of nuclear power in the United States? Do you think there should be more or less support for it and why? How dangerous is a nuclear...
  18. Gvido_Anselmi

    Vacuum state Lorentz invariance

    Hi everybody! Why we don't have to prove Lorentz invariance of the Vacuum state in QFT? This fact is quite obvious in QED and follows from Lorentz invariance of electric charges. But in general case? I don't know, but it seems to me this fact is not so obvious as it treated.
  19. L

    What is the physical definition of a state in quantum mechanics?

    Mathematically, a state in QM is a ray on the Hilbert space. But: 1) How would you define "state" from a physical point of view? I know a lot of examples but not a general definition. 2) Given a specific quantum system, to find all the states and so the Hilbert space, all I have to do is to...
  20. Tonia

    What is the max. # of electrons located in the ground state?

    < Mentor Note -- thread moved to HH from the technical chemistry forum, so no HH Template is shown > I need someone to check my answers and help me with the questions I couldn't answer. What is the max. # of electrons located in the groud state of a) an orbital 2 b) d sublevel 10 c) Be atom...
  21. Fantini

    MHB Calculating the effect of an operator on an arbitrary state

    Hello. I need help with the following: Suppose a basis set of states $\varphi_i$. Calculate the effect of the operator $\widehat{R} \equiv \Pi_i \left( \widehat{Q} -q_i \right)$ on an arbitrary state $\Psi$, assuming that the equation $\widehat{Q} \varphi_i = q_i \varphi_i$ is satisfied. I'm...
  22. Tam Le

    Gas State of Liquid Substances: Exploring Water Vapor

    Is it simply the gaseous state of a liquid substance? For instance, water vapor, in this context, would be the gas state of water after having transitioned from a liquid state.
  23. S

    Excitation of two-atom state by single photon : FTL hope?

    This concept is rather interesting : "Excitation of two atoms by a propagating single photon pulse" -- http://arxiv.org/abs/1411.3445 . They say that, in principle, one can tailor an optical pulse so that it will excite two atoms from the ground state (i.e., the |gg> state) so it ends up in any...
  24. C

    Ground state in an infinite square well with length doubling

    Homework Statement Assume a particle is in the ground state of an infinite square well of length L. If the walls of the well increase symmetrically such that the length of the well is now 2L WITHOUT disturbing the state of the system, what is the probability that a measurement would yield the...
  25. JG1009

    Zero-point energy and QED vacuum state

    I'm relatively new to QFT and was wondering how the QED vacuum has a dormant zero average-field condition if there is a zero-point energy of the field as well? How is there a zero average and a zero point energy?
  26. S.Daedalus

    Einstein Equation of State vs Gravity from Entanglement

    There's a somehow related set of issues I find myself pondering time and again: In 1995, Ted Jacobson derived Einstein's equations from thermodynamics across a horizon. Roughly, he showed that if the horizon's entropy is given by the Bekenstein-Hawking formula, then the second law of...
  27. Julian Blair

    Measuring Rabi Oscillations in a Two State Atom

    Can someone give me a simple explanation of how to measure the Rabi probability oscillations in a two state atom?
  28. AwesomeTrains

    State transformation - Position to momentum space (Dirac)

    Hey everyone! It's my first semester with quantum mechanics and I'm uncertain if my solution of this problem is correct, would be nice if someone could check and let me know :smile: 1. Homework Statement I have to calculate the representation of the state: |\alpha \rangle \equiv exp[-i...
  29. D

    The difference between order parameter and state parameter?

    At first, we need some state parameters(like P/T/V) to fully describe a system. And the order parameter is also a parameter which could describe the property of the system. However, in the Laudau theory, why it said that order parameter is an external parameter(not a independent variable)? Is...
  30. Derek Potter

    Dimensionality of the wavefunction in relative state

    A wavefunction of a single particle (ignoring spin etc) is a three dimensional object mapping to 3-D physical space. The wavefunction of two unentangled particles is separable as a product of two independent 3-D wavefunctions. If the particles are entangled, the states cannot be separated, the...
  31. J

    Quantum State of Cards: Is the Top Card Set Before Viewing?

    I can understand that the state of a particle is not known or even determined until it is viewed. What about a deck of cards that have been thoroughly shuffled and not looked at. Can the top card take on the value of any card before they are looked at or are they set at the time they are...
  32. M

    CG location effect for steady state cornering

    I am having trouble understanding this. The question was how to limit breakaway oversteer I know that putting the CG to the rear will increase the rear traction and induce understeer as there is less grip on the front tyres. However, I have also found that to reduce oversteer you want to...
  33. Samurai44

    Zero Potential Level: Excited State or Not?

    Greetings , Is the zero potential level ( not the ground state) considered as an excited state ? and why the ground state isn't an excited state ?
  34. M

    Determining the result or state of system in a calorimeter

    1. The problTfem statement, all variables and given/known data Determine the result when 100g of steam at 100C is passed into a mixture of 200g of Water and 20g of ice at exactly 0C in a calorimeter which behaves thermally as if it were equvalent to 30g of water. Homework Equations FInding the...
  35. L

    Mapping computer state changes as a space.

    I want to see if we can map the space that is computable programs. You wouldn't consider complex problems, once you mapped the simplest problems into a space of points you can get a distribution. You may see that these clump. Seeing as several of the variables are proportional to the history of...
  36. S

    Solid State Physics: Atomic chain oscillations

    Homework Statement Ok, don't get angry with me. The original problem is from Solid State Physics but my problem is very well in "Introductory physics". Here is the problem: The chain consists of molecules, which has three atoms, each with mass ##M##. Spring constant between the atoms inside...
  37. E

    How do electrons change states on their own?

    What are the number of states available to the electrons, and what is the difference between the ease of getting electrons to change states considered against the ease with which they change states by themselves? Can you give an example where they change states by themselves?
  38. T

    Wave packet description of electrons in solid state physics

    In solid state physics, I learned that the velocity of a bloch electron is ##\frac{\partial E(k)}{\partial k}##, where ##E(k)## is the energy dispersion. This formula is derived on the basis of the assumption that electrons is a wave packet of bloch state in solids. However, I have a question...
  39. B

    Two differential equations -- Need to find steady state values

    Homework Statement I have found the two equations describing the system. They are. ċ(t) = 1/θ [ f`(k(t)) -(n + δ + β)]c(t) k̇(t) =f(k(t) - (n +d)k(t) - c(t) Plugging in the numbers: ċ(t) = 2 [ 0,25k^(-0,25) -(0,10)]c(t) k̇(t) =k^0,25 - (0,6)k(t) - c(t) Since ċ(t) and k̇(t) =0 in steady...
  40. A

    How to calculate density matrix for the GHZ state

    The GHZ state is: |\psi> = \frac{|000> + |111>}{\sqrt2} To calculate density matrix we go from: GHZ = \frac{1}{2}(|000> + |111>)(<000| + <111|) GHZ = \frac{1}{2}( |000><000| + |111><111| + |111><000| + |000><111|) To: GHZ = 1/2[ \left( \begin{array}{cc} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 &...
  41. gfd43tg

    Expectation values r and x for electron in H2 ground state

    Homework Statement Homework Equations $$ \psi_{100} = \frac {1}{\sqrt{\pi a^{3}}} e^{-r/a} $$ The Attempt at a Solution a) $$\langle r \rangle = \frac {1}{\pi a^{3}} \int_0^{2 \pi} d \phi \int_{0}^\pi d \theta \int_0^{\infty} r^{3} e^{-2r/a} dr$$ This comes out to be ##\frac {3}{2}a##...
  42. A

    State of matter in chemical reaction

    Does anybody know where I could find worksheet to practice naming the state of matter in chemical reactions (with answers in the worksheet to check) as I have problems with that. Especially deciding when it is aqueous. I know (well at least i am right) that when you have acid as reactants it has...
  43. MexChemE

    Transient state energy balance -- Variable volume system

    Hello PF! I have some questions regarding the accumulation term for the energy balance on a variable volume system. Suppose we have a tank storing a liquid substance. The tank has a moving boundary at the top, which can expand unlimitedly. The system has a mass input \dot{m}_1 and mass output...
  44. Jaco Viljoen

    Logarithm state the value of x for which the equation is defined

    Homework Statement Consider the equation: 3logx5+2logx2-log1/x2=3 a)State which values of x for which the equation is defined. b)Solve the equation for x. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution 3logx5+2logx2-log1/x2=3 =logx53+logx22-log1/x2=3 =logx125+logx4-log1/x2=3 =logx500-log1/x2=3...
  45. 1

    Rewrite state in new basis - Quantum Mechanics

    Homework Statement Rewrite the state |ψ⟩ = √(1/2)(|0> + |1>) in the new basis. |3⟩ = √(1/3)|0⟩ + √(2/3)|1⟩ |4⟩ = √(2/3)|0⟩ − √(1/3)|1⟩ You may assume that |0⟩ and |1⟩ are orthonormal. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution [/B] I have a similar example in my notes however there...
  46. L

    Translation operator on ground state

    Homework Statement I am working through a time independent perturbation problem and I am calculating the first order correction to the energy, and I am stuck operating the perturbation : v = i b (Exp[i g x]-Exp[-i g x]) on the ground state |0>. Homework Equations <0| v |0> = 1st order...
  47. E

    Can I state the Mandelbrot Set/Equation like this?

    f(z) = z2 + c
  48. K

    Does Ads/CFT correspondence apply to LQG Kodama state?

    first paperhttp://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0209079 Quantum gravity with a positive cosmological constant Lee Smolin 59 pages "A quantum theory of gravity is described in the case of a positive cosmological constant in 3+1 dimensions. Both old and new results are described, which support the case...
  49. R

    Trying to relate nuclear physics to solid state (fermi gas)

    In nuclear physics we have talked about the liquid drop model and the fermi gas model. My question is can a Fermi liquid and a Fermi gas be directly described using these models? Are they the same thing? i.e. If I wanted to decribe the difference between a fermi gas and a fermi liquid could I...
  50. LsT

    Where is the flaw with predetermined entanglement state?

    Not to repeat what is already said, my thoughts are more or less the 4 points mentioned here: http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/132007/quantum-entanglement-an-illusion-based-on-a-wrong-assumption The upvoted answer to what gpgemini's said is that this assumption is essentially what...
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