A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and expressed in its functioning. Systems are the subjects of study of systems theory.
Homework Statement
Tell whether following systems are i. linear and ii. time-invariant:
$$y(t) = \int_{-\infty}^t x(\tau)d\tau$$
$$y(t) = \int_{0}^t x(\tau)d\tau$$
$$y(t) = \int_{t-1}^{t+1} x(\tau)d\tau$$Homework Equations
N/AThe Attempt at a Solution
I'm a little thrown off by the integrals...
Hi, how can I compute the general solution of a system of linear equations? Non-square systems for example. I have the book Linear Algebra via exterior products, but it is the worst book in the history of math books, I think I'll burn it somehow, whatever. I can calculate the solution with the...
Homework Statement
As shown in the image below, can I use 2 different co-ordinate systems when drawing the free body diagram for each object?
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
I'm trying to do some refreshing of differential equations featuring damped systems. Specifically, I have a question regarding the differential equation solution to an under damped system involving complex roots.
Referring to the attached pdf, an under damped system will yield a complex...
Many modern cars now employ radar systems for intelligent cruise control as well as blind spot monitoring. Can the radar waves that are reflected back to the vehicle for these applications pose a health hazard to the vehicle occupants?
All chess rating systems including the Elo rating system are based on a procedure called "scoring" which assigns a score of 1 for a win, 0 for a loss, and 1/2 for a draw. This procedure reduces the trinomial nature of chess game outcomes to a binomial variable and thereby greatly simplifies the...
In almost every textbook I have seen, pressure is said to be one of the most important state variables of a thermodynamical system. But if the system is three-dimensional and on planet Earth, it is not constant! This problem, however, is neglected in every reference I consulted.
It seems to...
Hopefully this is in the correct section. I'm studying systems engineering and I'd like to know a typical day in the life of such. I've done some research but I can't quit assume what a working day would involve and perhaps, generally, what I can focus on.
* What sort of projects are worked on...
I have always been wondering that why there is only one commercial operating system which is Microsoft Windows whereas there are a lot of commercial cars, computers, publishers.
Best Regards.
Having recently taken up road downhilling, I want to investigate the feasibility of producing a personal, wearable thrust driven propulsion system. Doesn't have to be terribly powerful, controllability should be via twistgrip maybe. I'm drawing pictures of an ergonomically-designed frame which...
Hi, thanks for stopping by :) This is for a big assignment (Yr 12). I asked my physics teacher this, but she couldn't give me a definite answer, and neither could my music teacher who previously studied physics, and then he messaged an engineer he knew, who hasn't replied yet...
~
Given...
Homework Statement
When a 50-kg mass on a pulley is allowed to drop, the friction in the pulley creates a constant 200 N force upward. What is the tension in the rope?
Homework Equations
F (upward) = F (downward)
The Attempt at a Solution
I attempted this problem by assigning the...
Casual talk. Constrained Hamilton systems. Dirac-Poisson brackets.
Casual talk. Constrained Hamilton systems. Dirac-Poisson brackets.
Hi guys, I think I have finally succeeded in understanding the ideas which Dirac explained in the two first chapters of his book "Lectures on Quantum...
During the course of working with inertial measurement units (IMU) I have run into a problem.
The issue is that an IMU reports accelerations relative to the IMU's orientation rather than it's initial orientation. The IMU's initial orientation is the identity quaternion (1,0,0,0). All changes...
Hey guys!
I am in community college, and this will be my first semester. But I am basically confused in making perfect choice for my major. And the reason is I am good at Math, but bad at Chemistry and Biology.
Following are the courses required to obtain an Associate degree in respective...
Just a quick question. Let A and B be two points. Electrical work is defined as the amount of energy it takes to move an amount of charge Q through a potential difference VB-VA (for our purposes here, we will assume that the voltage values are measured with respect to an Earth ground) and is...
Hello all, I am currently studying as an EE and realized I messed up something with my career path. I am not sure if it possible to get an internship at a company for primarily DSP if you haven't taken a DSP class? If not, things could be mended if it were possible to take circuits 2...
17.3-(17.3)e^(-92.34940680845194549420x)^y)=17.30181504460159157646-((17.3-(17.3)e^((-0.00118329948908244714x)^y))
anyone know how to solve this or a calculator that can?
Homework Statement
How to get equation
## \frac{d \theta}{dt}=-\omega_d+\omega_1\cos (\omega t)##
where ##\omega_d## is the average drift frequency and ##\omega_1## is proportional to the amplitude of the ac current.
from
## \frac{d \theta}{dt}=\omega_{co}(\frac{V(t)}{V_T}-\sin \theta) ##...
Homework Statement
A ##m = 2.0 kg## box slides along a floor with speed ##v_1 = 4.0 \frac{m}{s}##. It then runs into and compresses a spring until the box stops. Its path to the initially relaxed spring is frictionless ##(F_f = 0)##, but as it compresses the spring, kinetic friction with a...
Hi i just finished my first year of general engineering and am on a 4 month break. If there are any senior engineering students or engineers out there, I just want to know if its useful to take a two month course in embedded systems and microcontrollers.
Thanks
Homework Statement
Use a coordinate conversion application to roughly map out the amount of precession in coordinate
positions (R.A and Declination) in the sky between 1950 and 2000.
Homework Equations
I can easily find a converter on the internet
The Attempt at a Solution
I...
A load of mass 250kg is required to be lifted by a means of a winding drum and cable. The mass will be initially at rest, accelerated uniformly upwards for 4 seconds and then decelerated uniformly for one second. such that a final height of 10.5 metres is gained.
The winding drum has a mass...
If two orthogonal coordinate systems (xyz and x'y'z') share a common origin, and the angles between x and x', y and y', and z and z' are known. What is angle between the projection of z' on the xy plane and the x axis?
Thank you for your help!
For a 3rd order system, can I use 2nd order approximation (granted dominant pole is ≈5 Tau away from third pole), when designing a Lead or Lag compensator?
Can this OLTF = K/{s(0.1s+1)(s+1)} be approximated to 10K/{s(s+1) which ultimately gives CLTF=10K/{s(s+1)+ K} ? and then design...
Hello all,
This one thought came to my mind just now. What's the physical significance of signal representation in negative time, i mean second and third quadrant.
So for example, sin(t) and sin(t).u(t) aren't they same for all practical purposes?
I know, mathematically they are...
How did they get the blue box? I know where they got the 0.5 inside the brackets from but not sure about the rest.
The bode plot in my data book has log10(wt) as the x-axis..
I am going through Mary Boas' "Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences 3rd Ed". I finished the chapter 3 section 12 problem set, but I do not understand how she gets eq. 12.39. These don't seem obviously equal to each other. Here is the equation:
$$\lambda Tr=Vr$$ Where T is a matrix...
Do unobserved particles exchange information with other particles? If not then they are not only unobserved but also un-observing, which would seem to mean that they not only do not have a well defined position but that the very concept of position does not exist for them, nor does distance or...
In the lecture notes my university provided I am told that according to the first law of thermodynamics:
ΣQ = ΣW (for a cycle)
ΣQ = ΣW + ΔU (for a closed system)
Does this mean that there is always a change in internal energy in a closed system? Or can ΔU=0? In other words, can ΣQ = ΣW, and if...
hey guys,
i have a question regarding bode plot
g(s)= 1/(s2+4)
i did get the magnitude plot correct but i am unable to understand the phase plot. by calculating on paper i got 0° but in MATLAB it changes from -360° to -180°
i haven't understood how the initial phase is -360 which...
There is a lecture called fundamentals of electric and electronics and there is a new topic in that lecture I have to learn but I have little information on it. Topic is three phase systems or three phase power calculations or something like that. There are big letter such as R,S which...
This may not be the proper place to ask this so forgive me if wrong. Can someone direct me to the Federal Reg that "specifically" dictates that hydraulic braking systems MUST have 45 deg. "double" flare connections?
I'm involved in a protracted forum thread regarding 45 deg double flare on...
Within the scope of classical mechanics, what exactly is the definition of a closed system, and of an isolated system? Also, do these definitions differ in thermodynamics?
And does the law of conservation of linear momentum apply to a closed system or an isolated system?
I was wondering what are the general opinions on the field? I am a freshman physics major planning to switch to this major. I can basically pursue an emphasis on neurosystems, CS, molecular biology or bioinformatics. If I do end up majoring in CSB, I will probably double major with math or...
Homework Statement
We know that X= (1 over 3)e^t+(4 over -4) te^t is a solution to X'=(2 1 over -1 0)X.
Verify that the solution vectors are linearly independent on (-∞,∞).Homework Equations
I know that the wronskian of the solution vectors cannot be 0 if they are linearly independent.The...
Homework Statement
PLEASE click on attached picture below:
What can be concluded about the tension in the cords holding the balls stationary in Systems I and II when both systems are at rest?
In both systems the mass of the larger ball M2 is exactly twice the mass of the smaller ball...
How are MVARs actually measured in the field? How do EMS systems know the difference between MW and MVARS as opposed to an absolute value of MVA? Thanks!
A theory is a subset of a formal language together with a set of inference rules on that formal language in which the members of the theory need no premises to be true, right? So if I had a subset ##\mathcal{T}## of a formal language ##\mathcal{F}##, and a set of inference rules in which all...
Dear all,
In Marder's Condensed matter physics, it uses matrix operations to explain how to justify two different lattice systems as listed in attachment.
However, I cannot understand why the two groups are equivalent if there exists a single matrix S satisfying S-1RS-1+S-1a=R'+a'...
Einstein has a thought experiment with two trains which he uses to prove linear motion without acceleration is inertial. Inertial means there is no physical test which will prove which train is moving and which is stationary, no coordinate system is preferred and that coordinate system are...
Hi everyone,
I have what may be a dummy question. In NMR or in the study of liquid crystals for example, an order parameter S is often used:
S=\left\langle\frac{1}{2}\left(3\cos^{2}\theta-1\right)\right\rangle
with \theta the angle of the molecule with a "director" (the magnetic field in...
i am studying autonomous system, i came across this proposition
λ is in R and vector b is in R_n where the IVP
x' = Ax + c , with x(λ) = b has at most one solution
is it possible to prove this
What frequency are they referring to when they plot magnitude versus frequency in a bode plot of a control system? I don't understand where frequency comes from in control systems. I've researched this and I'm still very confused by what is meant by frequency.
Sorry, but this will be a long post.
This isn't homework, I'm reviewing physics after many years of neglect.
Halliday & Resnick, 4th Ed., section on variable mass and rockets, refers the interested reader to an article, "Force, Momentum Change, and Motion," Martin S. Tiersten, Am. J...