Term Definition and 775 Threads

A term limit is a legal restriction that limits the number of terms an officeholder may serve in a particular elected office. When term limits are found in presidential and semi-presidential systems they act as a method of curbing the potential for monopoly, where a leader effectively becomes "president for life". This is intended to protect a republic from becoming a de facto dictatorship. Sometimes, there is an absolute or lifetime limit on the number of terms an officeholder may serve; sometimes, the restrictions are merely on the number of consecutive terms they may serve.

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  1. new90

    Question about the meaning of the Δi term in this equation

    ∑ficosΔi = 0 what is the meaning of Δi
  2. T

    B Where is the quantization term in Planck's Law?

    This is a very remedial question, so thanks in advance for you gentle indulgence :smile: Where do I find the quantization term (the "n") in Planck's Law?
  3. J

    MHB Number patterns and sequences - Tn Term

    The number sequence is as follows: 3x+5y; 5x; 7x-5y; 9x-10y... I need to formulate a general term - Tn=T1+d(n-1) In the above sequence I have no idea what. I also think this sequence is non linear. Please help with a solution Thanks
  4. garthenar

    Comp Sci Boolean simplification of a larger term?

    I was asked to use De Morgans law to find the complement of a particular equation, I applied the law correctly and simplified my solution down to A'B'CD'+CA+CB'+D'A+D'B' I ran the problem through a boolean simplifier to check my work...
  5. E

    Why do we even need the term 'conventional current'?

    If we take electric current to be the rate of flow of (signed) charge past a certain point in a given reference direction, this unambiguously tells us all the information that we need to know. If we label a current arrow with ##-6A##, then in ##1## second we either think of a charge of ##-6C##...
  6. insanul

    Term Symbol of Carbon & Configuration Explanation

    A ground state configuration table for carbon is shown below. I am wondering why although configuration 4 and 5 share the same ML and MS ,they belong to different energy levels 1D2 and 3P2. It is just randomly chosen or they do have some rules? What cause the difference of energy levels of No.3...
  7. binbagsss

    Rotational invariance in d=2+1 dimensions (Cherns-Simons term)

    Hi, this is probably a stupid question, but, does rotational invariance in ##d=2+1## mean to only rotate the spatial coordinates and not the time. I mean bascially I want to show that ## \int d^3 x \epsilon^{\mu\nu\rho}A_{\mu}\partial_{\nu}A_{\rho} ##, yes epsilon the antisymmetric tensor, is...
  8. T

    A Help understanding a term in the derivation of #\Pi(\vec(x),t)# for KG eq.

    When deriving ##\Pi(\vec{x},t)## for the Klein-Gordon equation (i.e. plugging ##\Pi(\vec{x},t)## into the Heisenberg equation of motion for the scalar field Hamiltonian), we come across a term that is the following ##\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}d^{3}y...
  9. M

    A Why does this term transform in this way?

    I am trying to understand the last block of equations in the picture (after 3.31). In the first line of that block, he transforms the spinor ##\psi## which I have no problem with. What I have a problem with is the ##\gamma ^{\mu} \partial _{\mu}##. They form a Lorentz scalar, so they should not...
  10. M

    I Product with an undefined term

    Let c=ab. Let b be undefined (but finite). If a=0, is c undefined or does c=0?
  11. S

    When a journalist uses the term "inflection point" to describe growth

    I was reading an article about Amazon's growth hitting an "inflection point" where basically the function changed from going more or less linearly (i.e., power = 1) to a more parabolic (i.e., power > 1). It seems to me that this term is being misused since an inflection point really describes...
  12. Riemann9471

    Rewriting the Ampere's law in term of free currents only

    This is not really the assignment of my homework ( my assignment require me to find the magnetic field inside a small air gap on a toroide magnet wrapped with N turns of a wire that carry a current I ) . I'm at some point in the solution where I kind of need to use the rewritten Ampere's law to...
  13. Nik_2213

    Technical term for this material structure?

    A massive rocky material that is connected open-cell, macro-porous at surface, but 'vesicles' shrink to closed-cell then solid as you drill deeper: What's the technical term for such ?? == Writing a SciFi tale, I'm trying to describe a large, alien-ish rock formation. I've a vague recollection...
  14. J

    Spin-Orbit-Torque: Where is the damping-like Term in the pic and why?

    Hello everybody, So my Problem has something to do with Spin Orbit Torques in a Bilayer of a heavy metal and a Ferromagnet. From the Landau-Lifschitz-Gilbert equation we Know that there exists a damping-like and a field-like torque. So far i understand, the damping torque-term is always...
  15. snatchingthepi

    Quadrupole term for uniformly charged sphere (where did I go wrong?)

    So I got an assignment returned to me with fewer marks than I had expected. One part in particular is confusing to me. The professor is only available on Monday for a tutorial, but I'd like to see what is wrong before then. Can anyone spot why this is incorrect?
  16. snatchingthepi

    Where does this term come from? (pulling a wire loop through a B-field)

    I can't for whatever reason figure out where the sin(theta) term is coming from in the attached picture of page 306 of Griffiths' 4th edition EM text. The paragraph says it comes from the dot product, but I just don't see where it's coming from.
  17. L

    Have you ever heard of the term "magnetic spectrum"

    Hello to all. This is my first post. I hope here is the right place to post. In a Greek secondary school book I found the term "magnetic spectrum" as the definition of the picture one get when we visualise the magnetic field. There is even a Greek Wikipedia page that I believe it comes from the...
  18. S

    Term for archaeological methods for dating things?

    Is there a term for the general methods archeologists use to date things? - more general that the specific method of radiocarbon dating. "Historical markers" doesn't seem right. An example is pull tabs on soda cans. There was short time period (in the USA) where the tabs came completely off...
  19. T

    B The Term "no mass" is poorly defined

    Problem Statement: NA Relevant Equations: NA Come across the mentioning that some particles have "no mass". Is this stated by physicists because there simply isn't evidence to prove that they have mass. It doesn't seem logical to make a fact based on absence of information to the contrary...
  20. F

    What is a two term tangent and how am I supposed to calculate it?

    So, I was able to run some numbers and get a magnitude with what looks to be the distance formula. I was able to do that by first adding the (i) and(j) components from the two vectors and then taking the sums and running them through that distance formula. So far so good, but now I have to...
  21. Lars278

    Why is there no r^2 term in the formula for the swing weight of a golfclub?

    The Swing Weight of a golfclub = m * (r - 14) m = mass of the club in grams r = distance from the top of the shaft to the center of mass of the club in inches 6050 equals the swing weight D-0 But the formula for the angular acceleration of any object spinning around an axis is: ωdot = τ / I In...
  22. person123

    I Viscosity Term in Navier-Stokes Equation

    I'm a bit confused about the viscosity term in the Navier-Stokes equation; my intuitive understanding of what it would is different from what it actually is. I took the z component of the stress on an infinitesimal cube, but the same approach should apply in the x and y direction. I think my...
  23. .Scott

    I Is there a term for this type of unknown experimental interference?

    You collect 200 data points, 100 with input ##A## and 100 with input ##A'##. For all 100 ##A## you get output ##C## and for all 100 ##A'## you get ##C'##. That's way more than 5 standard deviations, so you're ready to publish... But not really. Because what matters is not just that input ##A##...
  24. FallenApple

    Are short term liquid investing strategies better than long term ones?

    Because of the statistical nature of autocorrelation, we know that time events that are closer together are more correlated to each other than to time events that are further apart. Which makes sense because differing perturbations of complex chaotic systems can, and do, have wildly differing...
  25. The Bill

    B History of the term "square-cube law?"

    I'm familiar with the history of the concept of the square-cube law going back to Galileo, Watt, etc. However, I don't know the origin and history of the language we use to talk about it today. When was the specific term "square-cube law" coined? When did that name become commonly...
  26. M

    I What does the term "Typical Wavelength" mean in this context?

    This paragraph taken from a book : What does it mean the typical wave lenght?
  27. K

    I Can the Total Time Derivative Function in the Lagrangian Depend on Velocities?

    It's known that the Lagragian is invariant when one adds to it a total time derivative of a function. I was thinking about the possible forms of this function. Could it be a function of ##x,\dot x, \lambda##? Or it should be a function of ##x## only? Here ##x: \ \{x^\mu (\lambda) \}## are the...
  28. Fig Neutron

    B Question about the term "frozen"

    This may be a dumb question (which is often the case for questions you come up with at 2 am), but I would like to ask anyway. For substances that are liquid at room temperature there is a freezing point (point that it becomes a solid) lower than the average temperature of a room. For the...
  29. astrocytosis

    Darwin term in a hydrogen atom - evaluating expectation values

    Homework Statement Homework Equations VD= -1/(8m2c2) [pi,[pi,Vc(r)]] VC(r) = -Ze2/r Energy shift Δ = <nlm|VD|nlm> The Attempt at a Solution I can't figure out how to evaluate the expectation values that result from the Δ equation. When I do out the commutator, I get p2V-2pVp+Vp2. This...
  30. opus

    Abs Value Inequality with a Squared Term

    Homework Statement ##\left|\left(\frac{x}{2}\right)^2\right| < 1## Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution The absolute value situation is throwing me off for some reason. Would it be correct to split this into two equations? ##-\left(\frac{x^2}{4}\right) > -1## and ##\frac{x^2}{4} < 1##...
  31. K

    I Schwarzschild: Energy Conservation at Finite r

    Let ##u^\alpha## and ##p^\alpha## denote a massive particle's four velocity and four momentum, respectively. Also, let ##\xi^\alpha = (1,0,0,0)## be a time like Killing vector. Since ##g_{00} \xi^0 u^0 = g_{00} p^0 / m = -(1 - 2m / r) E / m## is conserved, if we let ##r \longrightarrow \infty##...
  32. M

    Prime factors of a unique form in the each term a sequence?

    This is no homework. I have come across a conjecture in a book called The art of the infinite:the pleasures of mathematics. I want to understand how to prove it. Homework Statement Consider a 3-rhythm starting with 2: ## 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17...## The each number in this sequenc has the form...
  33. CricK0es

    Derivative of a term within a sum

    Homework Statement [/B] From the Rodrigues’ formulae, I want to derive nature of the spherical Bessel and Neumann functions at small values of p. Homework Equations [/B] I'm going to post an image of the Bessel function where we're using a Taylor expansion, which I'm happy with and is as far...
  34. K

    I Cosmological Constant Term in Einstein Equations

    One side of the Einstein Equations with a cosmological constant is ##R_{\mu \nu} - (1/2) Rg_{\mu \nu} + \Lambda g_{\mu \nu}##. Question is, why the cosmological constant term appears with a plus sign and without a factor of 1/2 in front of it? I guess it may be because ##\Lambda## is (in...
  35. L

    B Long term sustainable energy bounds

    Is there an upper bound on the amount of sustainable energy/unit time that could ever be made useful to mankind? For instance, if we imagine that the entire surface area of the Earth were covered with deserts and no cloud ever appeared in the sky and then computed the rate of sunlight energy...
  36. S

    B Is Dark Energy really the best term?

    Is Dark Energy the best term for a phenomenon that shares little resemblance to Energy as we understand it? Dark Energy seems to be a mysterious force that expands the spatial fabric of the universe over long distances, has little or no effect on gravitationally bound objects (except on a...
  37. A

    I Why is there this extra term for this correlation function?

    Let's say we have a Dirac field ##\Psi## and a scalar field ##\varphi## and we want to compute this correlation function $$<0|T \Psi _\alpha (x) \Psi _\beta (y) \varphi (z_1) \varphi (z_2)|0>$$ $$= \frac {1}{i} \frac{\delta}{\delta \overline{\eta}_\alpha(x)} i \frac{\delta}{\delta \eta_\beta(y)}...
  38. A

    B The k term in the Friedmann equation

    One simple question whether the k in the friedmann equation H(t)2=∑8πGε(t)/3c2-k/a2 is something related to curvature or is simply constt.?? If related to curvature whether it is 1/R where R is the radius of the 3-sphere.??
  39. C

    I Explicit computation of mass counter term diagrams

    In most treatments of the mass renormalisation in dim reg, I see sources find the mass counter term by extracting the coefficient of e.g the ##m^2## term accompanied by a pole in epsilon. I know the mass counter term is found by placing an X on diagrams where there is usually a self energy...
  40. C

    I Mass counter term is a derivative at tree level?

    I've heard the statement that by computing just the leading-order (tree level) diagrams of a process and then computing the derivative of this result with respect to the mass should correspond to the evaluation of the mass counter term diagrams. Can someone explain why this statement is...
  41. WeiShan Ng

    [Fluid Mechanics] Negative sign on the viscous work term

    Homework Statement I am revising on the derivation of the differential equation of energy (White's Fluid Mechanics 7th ed) and I'm having trouble understanding the sign convention used in the viscous work term. The textbook first define an elemental control volume and list out the inlet...
  42. L

    A Yang-Mills 3 boson Lagrangian term in Peskin and Schroeder

    Hi all, I'm not certain if this is the correct section of the forum for this thread but I'm trying to understand ghosts and BRST symmetry and my starting point is chapter 16 of Peskin and Schroeder where I've found a nagging issue. My issue is regarding the derivation of equation (16.6) on...
  43. K

    4-derivative kinetic term Lagrangian

    Homework Statement Show that $$L=\phi\Box^2\phi$$ generates negative energy density. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution The energy density is $$E=\frac{\partial L}{\partial \dot{\phi}}\dot{\phi}-L$$ Also the Lagrangian can be rewritten (using divergence theorem) as...
  44. José Ricardo

    Medical Is Labyrinthitis a Lay Term or a Disease of the Labyrinth?

    What would be my correct thinking, can I say that labyrinthitis is a lay term or is it one of the diseases of the labyrinth?
  45. Y

    MHB Common Multiple, what is the fourth term

  46. arpon

    I Form factors and Interaction term of the Action

    Consider, two fields interact with each other and the interaction term of the action is given. Now the Lagrangian density is Fourier transformed and the interaction term of the action is expressed as an integral over the momentum space. How is the integrand related to the form factor?
  47. N

    Formal term for cross-polarization effect

    Hi everyone, A friend of mine attending university in Japan is trying to write a paper in English discussing the effect that occurs when looking at a screen through polarized sun glasses (i.e. it looks dark or black). She is looking for a formal term that specifically addresses the screen...
  48. S

    I Solving Lagrangian Equation: Confused About Term Missing?

    Hello! I have a classical Lagrangian of the form $$L=A\dot{x_1}^2+B\dot{x_2}^2+C\dot{x_1}\dot{x_2}cos(x_1-x_2)- V$$ the potential is irrelevant for the question and A, B and C are constants. When doing $$\frac{d}{dt}\frac{\partial L}{\partial \dot{x_1}}$$ the solution gives this...
  49. S

    I What is the term for a set of loci that are the same?

    I'm thinking the term is congruent. For example, let's say there are 2 parametric lines: s0( t ) = < 2 , 1 > t + < 0 , - 3 > s1( t ) = < -18 , -9 > t + < -6 , -6 > The loci for both are the same line, just that one proceeds in the opposite as the other (and at a high rate) per change...
  50. C

    I Pauli principle and coupling term in Weizsäcker formula

    Consider the pairing term in Weizsäcker formula. Here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-empirical_mass_formula#Pairing_term it is claimed that: I don't understand how Pauli exclusion principle should be the cause of this. This term comes from spin-spin interaction (or "coupling"), but I do not...
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