Term Definition and 775 Threads

A term limit is a legal restriction that limits the number of terms an officeholder may serve in a particular elected office. When term limits are found in presidential and semi-presidential systems they act as a method of curbing the potential for monopoly, where a leader effectively becomes "president for life". This is intended to protect a republic from becoming a de facto dictatorship. Sometimes, there is an absolute or lifetime limit on the number of terms an officeholder may serve; sometimes, the restrictions are merely on the number of consecutive terms they may serve.

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  1. I

    What is the term for a gene and its corresponding protein?

    Hello again! Is there a common word/term for a gene and the protein that it codes for? I know there is signal transduction, but that would be for a whole set of genes and proteins doing a stream of functions. But would there be a name for the specific gene/protein "bundle"?
  2. S

    I How Can I Graph Hubble Term vs. Inflaton Using Mathematica?

    From cosmology, ##H^2 = \frac{ρ}{3M_p^2} = \frac{1}{3M_p^2}(½\dot φ^2 + ½m^2φ^2)## Suppose ##V(φ) = ½m^2φ^2## where ##ρ## = density ##M_p## = Planck mass I want to graph ##H## vs. ##φ## but there is a ##\dot φ## and I know this is a differential equation, can somebody help me what to do here?
  3. Q

    Find the coefficient of the 1996th term of a product

    Homework Statement Let ##\prod_{n=0}^{1996} (1 + nx^{3^n}) = 1 + a_1 x^{k_1} + a_2 x^{k_2} + ... + a_m x^{k^m} ## , where ##a_1, a_2, ..., a_m ## are nonzero and ##k_1 < k_2 < ... < k_m ##. Find ##a_{1996}##. From Art and Craft of Problem Solving, originally from Turkey, 1996 Homework Equations...
  4. S

    How did the term "asynchronously" come to mean ....

    ... the exact opposite of its dictionary meaning? a means not synchronous means happening, existing, or arising precisely at the same time (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/synchronous) So if I have two lines like double d = Math.Sqrt(5.0); string s = new String('f', 1239)...
  5. S

    A Why Can We Drop Constant Terms in Quantum Field Theory Lagrangians?

    Why can we always drop any constant term in a Lagrangian density in quantum field theory? This issue is somehow related to the constant term being some kind of cosmological constant? Can you please explain this issue?
  6. FallenApple

    I Why is measure not an accurate term for determining the location of a particle?

    Why do physicists use the word measure? We determine the location of a particle by measurement. Before measurement it doesn't have a location. If there wasn't a measurement conducted, then it wouldn't have a location in the first place. Therefore, measure should not be the term used. Wouldn't...
  7. N

    A Fetter & Walecka's derivation of second-quantised kinetic term....

    On page 9 of *Quantum theory of many-particle systems* by Alexander L. Fetter and John Dirk Walecka, during the derivation of the second-quantised kinetic term, there is an equality equation below: >\begin{align} \sum_{k=1}^{N} \sum_{W} & \langle E_k|T|W\rangle C(E_1, ..., E_{k-1}, W...
  8. Noisy Rhysling

    Help with a new term for gender specific telepathy please

    I want to build a world where men can read women's minds, but not other men, and vice-versa. I need to have them show the gender of the person doing the telepathy. Any suggestions? I have considered just having two words that show this, but I'm not really happy with that, which means it doesn't...
  9. H

    B Why does this term always approach 4?

    I have followed several derivations to obtain the formula for tunnelling probability in a finite square potential well. the standard result that is actually an approximation to a more complex result is; I get the derivation of this result shown in many standard texts. what I do not get is...
  10. Anypodetos

    I Interaction Term in EM Lagrangian - Explained

    The (classical, relativistic) Lagrangian for electrodynamics contains the field energy density -FμνFμν/4 and the interaction term -Aμjμ. I understand the maths of that - for one thing, the equations of motion turn out right if you plug this into the Euler Lagrange equantion. Now I recall having...
  11. J

    Relativity: Is "c" Speed in Vacuum Only?

    Hi all. New to PFs. I deal in (exotic) human biology, which happens to have put me at the intersection of fields and, in this instance, conceptually more challenging physics. I'm presently involved in a comparative analysis of biological versus physical time contraction-dilation. I happen to...
  12. Albert1

    MHB What term should be deleted to make a perfect square?

    $A=(1!)\times(2!)\times(3!)\times--------\times(2016!)$ $B$ is obtained by deleting one term from $A$ now decide which term of $A$ should be deleted ,to make $B$ a perfect square
  13. G

    What is a feed through term in block diagram?

    I`m reading some paper about control engeneering. But I don`t know what is feed through term exactly. Is it a connection between some point in one circuit?
  14. S

    MHB Solve Exponential Fraction Equation for $α$ ($C$, $m$)

    I want to create a binary matrix (${X}_{m*n}$) containing $C$ ones ($||X|| = C$). Additionally I want to have the number of elements of each row ($m$) to have an exponential form. This is: for each row the number elements needs to be equal to $e^{alpha * i}$ or in symbols: ||${X}_{i}$|| =...
  15. C

    Can we apply the concept of net charge to subatomic particles?

    Hello guy, I have questions with the use of the terms "net charge" As far as I know we use net charge when we want to make a sum of positive charge + negative charge For example the net charge of Na+ = +11+(-10)= +1 the net charge of Cl- = _______ = -1 But can we use...
  16. NihalRi

    Find common term for this sequence

    Homework Statement 6 /(12 + 1), 1/(22 + 1),6/(32 + 1),1/(42 + 1) Homework Equations none The Attempt at a Solution I suspect this is not that hard, I get the denominators but the numerator alternates so I though I would need 6 to be the base of a power that alternates between 0 and 1 but I...
  17. Cosmophile

    I Partial Fraction Decomposition With Quadratic Term

    Hey, all! I'm learning partial fraction decomposition from Serge Lang's "A First Course in Calculus." In it, he gives the following example: \int\frac{x+1}{(x-1)^2(x-2)}dx He then decomposes this into the following sum: \frac{x+1}{(x-1)^2(x-2)} =...
  18. munirah

    Term of Tripartite: Explaining Three Qubit System & Entanglement

    Good day, I get confuse about the term used. Can anyone help me to explain: Tripartite system. Three qubit system. Tripartite entanglement. I really need help for me clarify these term. Thank you very much for helping me.
  19. K

    I Does the +/- 1 term in bosonic and fermionic statistics matter

    I am reading an articles introducing the Nobel Price on Bose-Einstein condensates from where I have further reading on Bosonic and Fermionic statistics on some texts. I know one of the mathematical difference is the +/- 1 term in the denominator of the distribution function as below ##f_{BE} =...
  20. KT KIM

    I Lagrangian Equation with Generalized Force term

    In basic level classical mechanics I've known so far The Lagrangian Equation is Like this But in the little deeper references, they covers Lagrangian Equation is Like this Qi is Generalized force, and Qi also contains frictions that's what reference says But I still can't grasp. What is the...
  21. S

    I How realistic is the term "ground"

    Does it really mean the Earth or exceedingly large bodies like the ocean are useful sources of charge? What would happen if you built a very large Van De Graaff generator under the ocean? If the capacitance of the Earth is only 710 µF, could we infact measure a rise in potential at distances...
  22. Mr Davis 97

    First order term in the taylor expansion of ln(x) abut 1

    Homework Statement What's the first order term in the expansion ln(x) about x = 1? Homework Equations Taylor series formula The Attempt at a Solution The question is multiple choice, and the choices are x, 2x, or (1/2)x. However, when I calculate the first order term in the expansion of ln(x)...
  23. Mr Davis 97

    B Indexing Sequences: Do We Start at 0 or 1?

    Say we have a periodic sequencs, ABCDABCDABCDA... etc. We would normally call A term 1, B term 2, C term 3, etc. However, to find the nth term, do we need to designate A as term 0, B as term 1, etc? Since we would use n mod 4 to find the nth term, wouldn't this mean that 4, 8, 12, etc would have...
  24. S

    The pressure term in Bernoulli's equation

    Seeing as P(F/A) + KE + PE = Constant, if the fluid's flowing through a constriction (So the area's decreasing(Which would net an overall larger pressure)), How does the pressure term decrease? Does the Force decrease even more greatly than the Area, to net an overall lower pressure? Assuming...
  25. ChrisVer

    I Understanding and Using the Term 'Bias' in Measurements: Explained by Experts

    I don't know if it's the best place to ask this, but oh well... how to use the term "bias"? What is the meaning of bias? I always thought that biasing a measurement meant something like "enforcing" some of its results, as for example predetermining what you want to get and so biasing it...
  26. P

    What is the term for all numbers except the natural numbers?

    Is there a term used to describe all number except the natural numbers?
  27. karush

    MHB What is the 5th term of the expansion of $(2x+7)^8$ using the Binomial Theorem?

    Find the 5th term of $(2x+7)^8$ Assume Binomial Theorem can be used on this. not sure what determines the 5th term
  28. karush

    MHB Find the 18th term in the sequence:

    Find the $18th$ term in the sequence: $$\frac{1}{2},1,2 $$ $$a_1= \frac{1}{2}\ \ \ \ n=18\ \ \ \ r=2 $$ $$a_n=a_1\cdot r^{n-1}=131072$$
  29. amjad-sh

    I The energy term in Schroedinger equation

    The energy in the time-independent Schroedinger equation H|Ψ>=E|Ψ> is the total energy of the system,which is E=kinetic energy +V where V is the potential energy. But while solving problems in quantum mechanics,like scattering problems and others,they deal with it as it is just the K.E. For...
  30. S

    What is the term for averaged values in segmented distances?

    Hi all, I need a help for a term that it wil be used in a publication. I have a force signal collect on a moving vehicle. I have framed it into 4 segments (i.e. s1, s2, s3 and s4) where the width of the segments is 100 m. The signal is time sampled, the vehicle speed is variable and therefore...
  31. R

    VdP term in definition of constant volume specific heat

    Homework Statement I know that for constant volume ∂q=du and so du=Cv.dT However i don't understand how did we get to ∂q=du by neglecting the vdP term of enthalpy What I am trying to say is, is enthalpy this ∆U+P∂V+V∂P or this ∆U+P∂V? I don't understand since the definition of enthalpy is...
  32. DaveC426913

    Resume term for philanthropic industries in IT

    I'm looking for a term on my resume that might describe the industries related to education, medicine, not-for-profit organizations and similar spaces that 'make the world a better place'. I've worked in ad agencies, marketing, financial corporations and in the - as I call it - exploitation...
  33. B

    Short term irradiation nuclear weapon

    Hello all. I am not a physicist and would probably be considered a "physics idiot" by people on this site, so please excuse any ignorance on my part. I am writing a book and need some help with the physics of nuclear weapons. For the purposes of my book, I am looking to have one of my...
  34. S

    Centrifugal term in mechanical energy in gravitation

    I'm studying effective potential in Newtonian gravitation. The mechanical energy of a body can be written $$E=\frac{1}{2}\mu {\dot{r}}^2+\frac{L^2}{2\mu r^2}-\gamma \frac{m M}{r^2} \tag{1}$$ Where \mu is the reduced mass of the system planet-star. Consider now the term...
  35. Buzz Bloom

    I Speculative Term in Drake's Equation

    The Drake Equation has been around since 1961, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake_equation and there have been some later extrapolations as well. The probability of there being life somewhat similar to Earth life somewhere else in our Milky Way galaxy seems to be strongly dependent on the...
  36. V

    I How do you integrate a term with a differential?

    In my Halliday Resnick Walker book, they derive the equations of kinematics using integrals in a small section after the algebraic derivation. I'm extremely confused by the calculus, however. Sorry if my questions are unclear.They say that \frac{dx}{dt}=v⇒dx=v\cdot dt. This first step itself...
  37. N

    Where Does the Term "Kinetic Potential" Come From?

    I made it to grad school in physics, and then my mind sort of melted and I chose another career. Lately I have been brushing up on math and physics for no clear reason. I decided to join this board so I would have a place to bring my strange questions. Today I was reading up on Lagrangian...
  38. karush

    MHB Find the 79th term in the sequence

    Find the 79th term in the sequence - 7, - 4, - 1 $$a_n=a_1+\left(a_n-1 \right)d$$ $$n=79,\ \ a_1=-7, \ \ d=-3$$ $$a_{79}=-7+\left(79-1\right)\left(3\right)=227$$ I just followed an example?
  39. Anton Alice

    I What Is the Descriptive Meaning of \(- \frac{e}{c}\vec A\)?

    If you want to modify the Hamiltonian by introducing the effect of an electromagnetic field, then the replacement \vec p \rightarrow \vec p - \frac{e}{c}\vec A is applied. Now my question is, whether there is a descriptive meaning of that extra term - \frac{e}{c}\vec A. As what can I think of...
  40. H

    Correction term while switching from inertial to body fixed

    Suppose we have an equation in inertial frame A. \begin{equation}\frac{{}^Ad\bf{H}_C}{dt} = \bf{M}_C\end{equation} Now we want to switch to body fixed frame B. For this need to employ correction factor {}^A\bf\omega^B\times\bf{H}_B. Why do we have this correction factor? How to derive this...
  41. W

    Solving a Term about gravitation to r

    Homework Statement I want to know how this equation is getting solved to r. I know the result, but I want to know how :) Homework Equations γ*m*Me/r = 4Π2*m*r/T^2Solution does need to be: r = ^3√γMeT^2/4Π^2 (^3√ should mean the 3rd root/radical) The Attempt at a Solution I am so far...
  42. A

    What Is the Role of E_gap/2 in Nanowire Crystal Hamiltonians?

    I am reading an article on Arxiv about modelling the electron structure in a nanowire crystal: http://arxiv.org/abs/1511.08044 But I am having trouble understanding the hamiltonians (1) and (2). In (1) what is the purpose of the term E_gap/2. Is that just a reference point for the energy or...
  43. J

    What Term must be used for this formalism?

    I noticed something especially in Physicsforums. It seems we have cornered quantum stuff to attain classical attributes.What I mean is this. You have the 3 main interpretations Many Worlds Bohmian Copenhagen In all 3 versions. there are either classical worlds branching or particle with...
  44. G

    Neutral Buoyancy: How Does it Affect Subs?

    I am curious about what it means to be neutral buoyant. If a submarine took in enough water so that it sinks down say 20 metres below the surface and stays floating at that level -- it is considered to be neutrally buoyant down at 20 meters below. If a force pulled the sub back up to 5 meters...
  45. D

    What is a "source term" & what is it physically in QFT?

    Given an inhomogeneous ODE of the form $$a_{n}(x)y^{(n)}(x)+a_{n-1}(x)y^{(n-1)}(x)+\cdots +a_{2}(x)y''(x)+a_{1}(x)y'(x)+a_{0}(x)y(x)=f(x)$$ where ##y^{(n)}(x)\equiv \frac{d^{n}y(x)}{dx^{n}}##, why is the function ##f(x)## on the right hand side referred to as a "source term" ? In what way does...
  46. 5P@N

    How do you eliminate one term of several in a denominator?

    So I have this fraction:$$\frac {mass_{\text{mo}}}{r_{\text{mo}}^2} = \frac {mass_{\text{ea}}}{(\text{KLCOM})^2 -2((\text{KLCOM}) (r_{\text{mo}})) + (r_{\text{mo}})^2}$$ Don't worry about what these various terms represent - my question has only to do with an algebraic rule I've forgotten. I am...
  47. G

    MHB Derive Taylor Expansion of $f(x)$ Around x=0 Up to x^2

    Consider the function $f(x) =\sqrt{1 + \sin(x)}$. Derive the fi rst few terms in the Taylor expansion of $f(x)$ around $x = 0$, up to and including terms of order $x^2$. Give an explicit formula for the remainder term. I can do the first part, but how do I find the remainder term?
  48. A

    Varying The Gibbons-Hawking Term

    The Gibbons Hawking boundary term is given as ##S_{GHY} = -\frac{1}{8 \pi G} \int_{\partial M} d^dx \sqrt{-\gamma} \Theta##. I want to calculate its variation with respect to the induced boundary metric, ##h_{\mu \nu}##. The answer (given in eqns 6&7 of...
  49. S

    Solving the Mystery of the Missing Term in the Compton Effect Formula

    Hello everyone, I have a question regarding a formula which can be derived from conservation of momentum and energy in the Compton effect. From conservation of momentum and energy during the collision of a photon with an electron, it is possible to get two expressions for the final energy E of...
  50. I

    Different animal sensory, short and long term memories?

    Is there any research that was done on animal long and short term memories? And short of empirical analysis, if there is none, is there much we could conclude, based purely on what we know about their brains? For example, from knowing which brain parts deal with explicit and which with...
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