Thermodaynamics Definition and 154 Threads

I have a copper cylinder that is at 0C, how much time will be needed for it to equilibrate with 10kg of water at 75C? Copper cylinder: Mass: 105.7 g Specific heat: 0.385 J/gC Initial Temp: 0C Final Temp: 75C ish SA: 25 cm^2 Water: Mass: 10000g Specific heat: 4.184 J/gC Initial Temp: 75C...

When measuring pressure drop across a compressed air system shown in the included figure, I get different results depending on the system downstream of the actual component I am measuring pressure drop across. Btw this is a real experiment that has been ran. The numbers below are different but a...

This question is inspired by a comment that @thephystudent made where he said that "The dephasing between the Bragg pulses is not unitary, I believe it can be explicitly written in Lindblad form and generates heat. I believe this Point of view is the same as (among others) the papers of...

I am self studying thermodynamics and I stumbled upon the concept of a quasi-equilibrium process which I don't fully understand but here are my thoughts, Equilibrium is a condition of balance characterized by the absence of driving potentials and at such conditions you can measure properties...

Mass = 0.12kg Initial temp = 500°c = 773K Initial pressure = 0.8 MPa = 800,000 Pa Final volume = 90L R = 287 Jkg^-1K^-1 1) Initial Volume V=mRT/P 0.12 x 287 x 773 / 800,000 = 26,662.12m^3 2) Final Pressure P2 = P1P2^1.2/V2^1.2 800,000 x 26,662.12^1.2 / 90 = 1,816,095,330 Pa = 1,816 MPa 3)...

The question says that the process is melting, so temperature must increase. Hence, Delta T > 0. Also, it is given that the slope for its fusion curve is -ve, which means that as we increase temperature, the pressure will decrease. So, Delta P < 0. The question asks to prove that the substance...

The question is: why ##dq_{surr}=-dq_{sys}##? q=heat, surr=surroundings, sys=system. Is there any simple way to understand this?

Using (2) on (1) give ## dU = -dW##... (4) A.For expansion since the gas goes from ##(P_1, V_1, T_1)## to ##(P_2, V_2, T_2)##, does this imply ##T_1 \leq T_2 ##? B. If so, then ##W## for adiabatic expansion would be negative (using (3))? Using negative ##dW## in (4) gives us a positive result...

What is this formula? q=λ⋅S⋅∪_x What does s and lambda mean?

If I had an object in an orbit around the Earth that I kept continually shaded from the sun, how cold would it get? Assuming the shade device was not physically connected to and was sufficiently far away from the object to not radiate any heat to it. And if I actively adjusted how much shade...

What does it actually mean from an intuitive standpoint? I don’t want to simply memorize the equation. What is it really and when can it be used? What is the usefulness of it? Thanks.

Homework Statement I am having an issue trying to decipher this question, as I am not sure if it a lack of knowledge on my half or there is an assumption I have to make. Homework Equations ##\epsilon=\frac{W_{total}}{Q_{in}}## The Attempt at a Solution My issue is calculating the heat...

I have an interest in storing, for later use, energy from excess shaft power developed by a wind turbine. Currently I am assuming that the compressor is running in a steady fashion, continually drawing 300K, 1.0 atm. air into the compression chamber and compressing it to 20 atms. before...

Given that absolute zero is the lowest temperature possible, were all particles have zero vibration. And given that the speed of light is the highest speed any object, particle, sub atomic or not can travel. Using 2 of the most fundamental laws of physics thermodynamics and general relativity...

i don't really understand why S of the universe must be always positive,i know that only reversible process have constant entropy but why real proceses always increase S in the universe? sorry for bad english I am not from USA or UK

Chemical potential is defined as the change in energy due to change in the number of particles in a system. Let we have a system which is defined by the following Hamiltonian: $$H = -t \sum_i^L c_i^\dagger c_{i+1} + V\sum_i^L n_i n_{i+1} -\mu \sum_i^L n_i$$ where ##c^\dagger (c)## are creation...

1. A closed cylindrical vessel filled with water (at room temperature) contains a small air bubble of normal pressure and volume ##V=1~{cm}^3## inside in it.The cylinder is then started to be rotated slowly with a small angular acceleration in a complete weightlessness (at a space station)...

The Clausius-Clapeyron formula is given by \frac{d P}{d T} = \frac{L}{T \Delta V} where P and T are the pressure and temperature at the boiling point, respectively, and L is the latent heat per mole at the boiling point, and \Delta V is the change in the volume per mole between the gas and...

Homework Statement [/B] What is the contribution of the conduction electrons in the molar entropy of a metal with electronic coefficient of specific heat? I can't figure out how to comprehend this, which relation/theory might lead to this? and How this answer is relevant to the point of molar...

My text (Ian Ford - Statistical physics) describes an ideal gas system in a piston being quasistatically compressed by a piston head of area A under external force f. It assumes the system has a uniform pressure p. All good so far. Then it says: "the force pA equals the applied external force f"...

I am a high school student and currently studying Mechanical properties of fluid. We are taught surface tension in a very introductory level and most of it is about liquid-gas surface tension. We are taught that liquid-vapour tension is the atrractive forces that water molecules experience at...

Homework Statement Hot and cold streams of a fluid are mixed in a rigid mixing chamber. The hot fluid flows into the chamber at a mass flow rate of 5 kg/s with an energy in the amount of 150 kJ/kg. The cold fluid flows into the chamber with a mass flow rate of 15 kg/s and carries energy in the...

Homework Statement The power output of an automobile engine is directly proportional to the mass of air that can be forced into the volume of the engine’s cylinders to react chemically with gasoline. Many cars (like a 2008 Mini Cooper S) have a turbocharger, which compresses the air before it...

Hi, guys I have posted this question on StackExchange, but no one seems to care answer. Because I don't think this is a simple textbook question, I start my thread here: I know this is a big question. But as a graduate student, my research is somehow related to nonequilibrium...

Homework Statement HERE IS THE QUESTION A vertical cylinder fitted with a heavy leak-proof piston with diameter 84.0 mm contains air (under the piston) of density 1.59 kg/m3 in thermodynamic equilibrium with the surrounding atmosphere, which is at 100 kPa and 39 oC. Determine the mass of the...

I read that a thrust augmentor can significantly increase the efficiency of a jet engine (http://www.pulse-jets.com/phpbb3/viewtopic.php?t=931). Now from my understanding, the thrust agumentor is sort of like a ramjet. Only, in this case, the cold air is being sucked in along with the hot air...

What is meant by work done by the system and work done on the system, in biological systems? In physics related systems however: Work is simply a force multiplied by the distance moved in the direction of the force. A good example of a thermodynamic system that can do work is the gas confined...

Homework Statement Homework Statement [/B] A steam turbine developed 2372.20 Hp when its inlet condition is 1300 Btu/lb enthalpy and 400 ft/s velocity and steam flow of 200 Btu/min :The exit enthalpy is 800 Btu/min. Find the exit velocity. That is the original problem statement but i think the...

Homework Statement Consider the isentropic expansion of air from a fixed given reservoir (i.e. total pressure and temperature). Investigate the behaviour of the value of the Reynolds number of the flow, as a function of the Mach Number M of the expanded flow. For small values of M, the...

The resolution for Maxwell's demon paradox is that the demon has limited memory and the demon will eventually run out of information storage space and must begin to erase the information it has previously gathered. Erasing information is a thermodynamically irreversible process that increases...

Homework Statement The isobaric expansion coefficient and the isothermal compressibility are given by: $$\alpha_p = (1/V)(\partial V/\partial T)_p \quad \kappa_T = -(1/V)(\partial V / \partial p)_T$$ Suppose they have experimentally been determined to be: $$ \alpha_p = \frac{1}{T} +...

Is it possible for an open system to reach thermal equilibrium? why/why not?

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