Topology Definition and 818 Threads

I do not understand what is to verify here. The problem already defined what it means to be a trivial and discrete topology but it did not state what it means to be "weak" and "strong". I assume the problem wants me to connect "weak" with trivial topology and "strong" with discrete topology, but...

Do you think a first course in analysis should focus entirely on inequalities and leave set-theoretic topology for another occasion? Should this depend on whether or not the student had a first rigorous calculus course first? If I'm not mistaken, Victor Bryant (Yet Another Introduction to...

Summary:: Subset of Codomain is Superset of Image of Preimage, and similar proof for subset of domain I was having a hard time doing the intro chapter's exercises in Munkres' Topology text when last I worked on it, and I just wanted to make sure that there's nothing betwixt analysis and...

[I urge the viewer to read the full post before trying to reply] I'm watching Schuller's lectures on gravitation on youtube. It's mentioned that spacetime is modeled as a topological manifold (with a bunch of additional structure that's not relevant to this question). A topological manifold is...

Mostly I need to clear up a few basic things about functions and their inverses, the problem seems easy enough. Ok, so for (a) I have $$f^{-1}(f(A_0))= \left\{ f^{-1}(f(a)) | a\in A_0\right\}$$ but here I’m not certain if ##f^{-1}## is allowed to be multi-valued or not, the text says that if...

So formulating them was easy, just set ##C:=D\cup E## in (1) and set ##C:=D\cap E## in (2) to see the pattern, if ##\mathfrak{B}## is a non-empty collection of sets, the generalized laws are $$A-\bigcup_{B\in\mathfrak{B}} B = \bigcap_{B\in\mathfrak{B}}(A-B)\quad (3)$$...

Obviously the parenthetical part of the definition of ##F## means ##B\subset C## but we are not allowed to use ##\subset##. I do not know how to express implication with only union, intersection, and set minus without the side relation ##B\cap C = B\Leftrightarrow B\subset C##. This is using the...

Hi, I am a physicist interested in going through a basic analysis course. The real line, open sets, that whole thing. On my own, so I need a good selection of bibliography, ranging from those that are good references but too dense to actually read to those that are very pedagogical but tend to...

I am reading Stephen Willard: General Topology ... ... and am currently focused on Chapter 1: Set Theory and Metric Spaces and am currently focused on Section 2: Metric Spaces ... ... I need help in order to fully understand Example 3.2(d) ... .. Example 3.2(d) reads as follows: and...

Fred H. Croom (Principles of Topology) and Tej Bahadur Singh (Elements of Topology) define local basis (apparently) slightly differently ... Croom's definition reads as follows:... and Singh's definition reads as follows: The two definitions appear different ... ... Croom requires that each...

In AC-DC power supply modules, having non-isolated power converter topology may result in input "Line" (hot wire) been assigned to "Vss" (lower voltage rail) at output of power supply module, and N (neutral) assigned to Vdd (upper power rail). Inside single system, this usually does not results...

I am reading Tej Bahadur Singh: Elements of Topology, CRC Press, 2013 ... ... and am currently focused on Chapter 1, Section 1.4: Basis ... ... I need help in order to fully understand the order topology ... and specifically Example 1.4.4 ... ...Example 1.4.4 reads as follows: In order to...

I am reading Tej Bahadur Singh: Elements of Topology, CRC Press, 2013 ... ... and am currently focused on Chapter 1, Section 1.4: Basis ... ... I need help in order to fully understand some remarks by Singh just before he defines a sub-basis ... .. The relevant text reads as follows: To try...

I'm watching this video to which discusses how to find the domain of the self-adjoint operator for momentum on a closed interval. At moment 46:46 minutes above we consider the constant function 1 $$f:[0,2\pi] \to \mathbb{C}$$ $$f(x)=1$$ The question is that: How can we show that the...

I only took an introductory real analysis course, and that was during the spring of last year. I apologize for the unnecessary and possibly stupid question, in any case.

I am trying to learn some topology and was looking at a problem in the back of the book asking to show that a topological space with the property that all set are closed is a discrete space which, as understand it, means that all possible subsets are in the topology and since all subsets are...

Dear Everyone I am having some difficulties on exercise 2e from Topology 2nd ed by J. Munkres . Here are the directions: determine which of the following states are true for all sets A, B, C, and D. If a double implication fails, determine whether one or the other one of the possible...

Dear Every one, I am having some difficulties on exercise 2b and 2c from Topology 2nd ed by J. Munkres . Here are the directions: determine which of the following states are true for all sets $A$, $B$, $C$, and $D$. If a double implication fails, determine whether one or the other one of the...

I learned in a vector calculus class that the operation of vectors is not defined. The professor mentioned it had to do with topology. How does the operation of vector subtraction relate to topology and how does topological properties prevent vector subtraction from being defined?

I am reading Karl R. Stromberg's book: "An Introduction to Classical Real Analysis". ... ... I am focused on Chapter 3: Limits and Continuity ... ... I need help in order to fully understand Example 3.10 (b) on page 95 ... ... Example 3.10 (b) reads as follows: My question is as...

I am reading Andrew Browder's book: "Mathematical Analysis: An Introduction" ... ... I am reading Chapter 6: Topology ... ... and am currently focused on Section 6.1 Topological Spaces ... I need some help in order to fully understand a statement by Browder in Section 6.1 ... ... The...

The standard definition of the basis for a vector space is that all the vectors can be defined as finite linear combinations of basis elements. Consider the vector space consisting of all sequences of field elements. Basis vectors could be defined as vectors which are zero except for one term in...

How are topological spaces used in physics?

Hi, I'm not a really mathematician...I've a doubt about the difference between a trivial example of fiber bundle and the cartesian product space. Consider the product space ## B \times F ## : from sources I read it is an example of trivial fiber bundle with ##B## as base space and ##F## the...

Hello,I'm a freshman undergraduate physics student. I'm mainly considering theoretical physics for graduate school (condensed matter and AMO physics). There is an introductory topology course at my university which is offered by the math department. Will taking topology be useful for any...

Homework Statement Let ##f:X\rightarrow Y## with X = Y = ##\mathbb{R}^2## an euclidean topology. ## f(x_1,x_2) =( x^2_1+x_2*sin(x_1),x^3_2-sin(e^{x_1+x_2} ) )## Is f continuous? Homework Equations f is continuous if for every open set U in Y, its pre-image ##f^{-1}(U)## is open in X. or if...

in the tv show "The Big Bang Theory", Sheldon wrote a book called "A proof the algebraic topology can never have a non self-contradictory set of abelian groups". Is this just a random set of words that is meant to sound smart but in reality means nothing or is it accurate? If it is, what does it...

Let ##d_1## and ##d_2## be two metrics on the same set ##X##. We say that ##d_1## and ##d_2## are equivalent if the identity map from ##(X,d_1)## to ##(X,d_2)## and its inverse are continuous. We say that they’re uniformly equivalent if the identity map and its inverse are uniformly...

Let ##d_1## and ##d_2## be two metrics on the same set ##X##. Suppose that a set is open with respect to ##d_1## if and only if it is open with respect to ##d_2##, and a set is bounded with respect to ##d_1## it and only if it is bounded with respect to ##d_2##. (In technical language, ##d_1##...

Hi, I was playing this game in which you start from any cells of a 3x3 or 5x5 square and draw a line that loops through every cell in the box. The line can go only through a vertical or horizontal side (not diagonally). When you start from certain cells (problem cells), you can't reach at...

From Munkres, Topology: "A topology on a set X is a collection T of subsets of X having the following properties: (1) ∅ and X are in T . (2) The union of the elements of any subcollection of T is in T . (3) The intersection of the elements of any finite subcollection of T is in T . A set X for...

High school student here... Recently, I've found an interest in topology and am trying to figure out the correct path for self-studying. I am familiar with set theory and some concepts of abstract algebra but have not really studied any form of analysis, which from what I've read is a...

I'm beginning to study analysis beyond real numbers, but I am a but confused. What is the relation between topology, metric spaces, and analysis? From what it seems, it's that metric space theory forms a subset of topology, and that analysis uses the metric space notion of distance to describe...

This is problem 4.7.11 of O'Neill's *Elementary Differential Geometry*, second edition. The hint says to use the Hausdorff axiom ("Distinct points have distinct neighborhoods") and the results of fact that a finite intersection of neighborhoods of p is again a neighborhood of p. Here is my...

Have anybody seen a 3D function drawer like this one?(4:12) Since I don’t know what these 3D drawers are really called,I can’t find any.

Let a function ##f:X \to X## be defined. Let A and B be sets such that ##A \subseteq X## and ##B \subseteq X##. Then which of the following are correct ? a) ##f(A \cup B) = f(A) \cup f(B)## b) ##f(A \cap B) = f(A) \cap f(B)## c) ##f^{-1}(A \cup B) = f^{-1}(A) \cup f^{-1}(B)## d) ##f^{-1}(A \cap...

Mathematicians, I summon thee to help me identify which field deals with this stuff. I come here not as a physicist but as a sunday programmer trying to solve some numerical problems. I set out to model a lattice version of a smooth space. A discretization procedure not uncommon in physics, but...

Hello there! Topological insulators and supercontuctors nowadays are very active field in physics research. I am looking for a Phd in theoretical matter physics, and these arguments could interest me. But I have a question: phisicists that study topological superconductors, insulators and...

Can a black hole be presented as a Heegaard decomposition or as the complement of a knot? I'll try and elaborate: If I understand correctly, the cross section of spacetime near a black hole can be thought of topologically as a manifold. What manifold is it? Can the manifold be decomposed?

Hello. I am studying Analysis on Manifolds by Munkres. My aim is to be able to study by myself Spivak's Differential Geometry books. The problems is that the proof in Analysis on Manifolds seem many times difficult to understand and I am having SERIOUS trouble picturing myself coming up with...

I was asking to myself what is the usefulness of a topology. I'd thought this question before and couldn't find results on the literature, perhaps I was not searching with the right terms. So I started thinking that maybe a topology is a way of defining the domain, codomain and image of a...

Hi, I have a (probably stupid) question about the Baire Category Theorem. I am looking at the statement that says that in a complete metric space, the intersection of countable many dense open sets is dense in the metric space. Assume that we have the countable collection of dense open sets ##...

I am taking a course in topology with Gamelin and Greene, Introduction to topology. I would like to have some supplement to extend and give more motivation and explanation. I am quite tired of the "theorem, proof, theorem, proof" pattern. Thank you!

Homework Statement This is a problem from Munkres(Topology): Show that a connected metric space ##M## having having more than one point is uncountable. Homework Equations A theorem of that section of the book states: Let ##X## be a nonempty compact Hausdorff space. If no singleton in ##X## is...

Hi,t I am studying topology at the moment. I have seen that some authors define the neighborhood of a point using inclusion of an open set, while others define the term as open set that contains the point. In most of the theory I have seen so far, the latter is more convenient to use. Why is...

To start studying topology, what basic knowledge should I have?

<Moderator's note: Moved from General Math to Differential Geometry.> Let p:E→ B be a covering space with a group of Deck transformations Δ(p). Let b2 ∈ B be a basic point. Suppose that the action of Δ(p) on p-1(b0) is transitive. Show that for all b ∈ B the action of Δ(p)on p-1(b) is also...

I want to show that ##\mathbb{R}## is disconnected with the subspace topology. For this I considered that ##\mathbb{R} = \lim_{\delta n \longrightarrow 0 } (-\infty, n] \cup [n+\delta n, \infty)## and of course the intersection of these two open sets is empty. What I'm not sure is about the...

In reading out about topological spaces and topologies I noticed that they do not give much specific examples, so I have not found an answer to the following simple question: Can we use the same function for mapping into two different open sets of a given topology? Or, perhaps equivalently, can...

Is there a way we can see why the axioms defining a topology/ topological space are the way they are?