Relational QM question from Rovelli's book Helgoland

[msumm21]

TL;DR Summary

The explanation of Bell violations in this book, according to relational QM, doesn't make sense to me

On pages 94-96 of Helgoland, Rovelli explains Bell violations according to relational QM. He speaks of spacelike separated measurements, one in Beijing and the other in Vienna. He says any talk of correlations between the 2 is meaningless, specifically:
"it makes no sense to ask whether the two results are the same or not."

He later says of the measurements:
"we cannot assume that both exist, because there is nothing with respect to which both can be determined."

He explains that the result in Vienna is not real in Beijing until a signal about it arrives in Beijing, and vice versa.

I'm not clear what he means about one of the measurements not being real or not existing, while the other is real and exists. Consider Alice in Beijing measuring one particle. So her particle's spin exists and is real, while Bob's in Vienna is not? Alice doesn't "directly" see the spin of her particle in Beijing, she only sees the result after that particle has entangled with many things to magnify the result to readable measurement. So I'm not clear why her particle & result is "real" after that chain of thousands (millions?) of entanglements, but then making just 1 more inference from entanglement (that the entangled particle in Vienna has the opposite spin) is somehow no good.

How does relational QM decide where to draw this line between which entanglements are valid to use for inference of reality and which are bogus?

 

[Nugatory]

He explains that the result in Vienna is not real in Beijing until a signal about it arrives in Beijing, and vice versa.

We have the same annoyance in ordinary boring special relativity: events A and B are spacelike-separated, therefore we have to be in the intersection of their future light cones to be able say that they both have happened.

 

[martinbn]

https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.08150

 

[msumm21]

We have the same annoyance in ordinary boring special relativity: events A and B are spacelike-separated, therefore we have to be in the intersection of their future light cones to be able say that they both have happened.

Understood, but to me this doesn't resolve the fact that there seems to be a nonlocal influence in these experiments. It appears to me that he thinks this mysterious action at a distance is resolved by RQM, see below...

https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.08150

In the abstract they say, referring to Bell experiments, "there is no need to appeal to a mysterious space-like influence to understand it."

If I understood, relational QM says (at least) one measurement was not real and therefore no spacelike influence, case closed. Is that it? I agree you could define the word "real" in such a way as to claim one measurement is not real. However, the fact that experiments have done the measurements with spacelike separation and have subsequently shown violations of Bell inequalities means there was some space-like influence. I don't see how RQMers claim this effect vanishes because they change their definition of "real" to exclude one of the measurements for some amount of time.

 

[DrChinese]

https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.08150

From the cited paper, "The notion of locality in relational quantum mechanics (2018)":

[From section I:]"One encounters at least five different notions of ‘locality’ in the literature:
1. No superluminal signalling: signals cannot propagate faster than light;
2. No superluminal causal influence: causes and effects of events are no further away than permitted
by the velocity of light;
3. No space-like influence: space-like separated quantum systems do not influence each other;
4. Point-like interaction: quantum systems (or fields of the Lagrangian in quantum field theory) interact only at the same point in spacetime;
5. Local commutativity: space-like separated local observables commute. [Note that this notion of locality is completely meaningless - nothing changes in quantum theoretical predictions for entangled systems regardless of the local/nonlocal split. I.e. there is nothing to test.]"

...

[From the conclusion section:] "With the relational interpretation, quantum mechanics is still ‘non-local’ in the sense of Bell, but it nonetheless remains true that ‘causes and effects of events are no further away than permitted by the velocity of light’. Indeed, if the observer O sees a light signal from A, he will think the radioactive particle in the region of the past cone Λ is the cause of the detection of an α particle in A. The same thing could be said symmetrically for B. Neither causes nor effects travel faster than light whatsoever. There are correlations between A and B because there is a common cause in their common past. Earlier claims in [5] that relational quantum mechanics was local were maybe misleading: the relational interpretation is not locally causal in the sense of Bell. However it should be clear now that this kind of non-locality cannot be interpreted as a superluminal interaction, and the relational interpretation is indeed local in all the senses listed in section I."

---

And yet again, we have a paper (this one by respected writers, in my opinion) that provides an "interpretation" denying superluminal/nonlocal influences. See statements in bold, for example. What's wrong with this picture?

Well, they start out with an example in which A and B share a common past. Note the circular reasoning? Naturally, you could always claim - as they do explicitly - that the common cause is in their common past. Not what I would personally call an insight. But why would you write a paper claiming that in 2018? There were theoretical papers about entanglement between an A and B that share no common past perhaps 20 years previously. More importantly, there were experimental realization of that theory at least 10 years earlier (2008).

"We have demonstrated high-fidelity entanglement swapping with time-synchronized independent sources. The swapped entanglement clearly violates a Bell-type inequality. These strong non-classical correlations between particles that do not share any common past..."

Wouldn't an advocate want to defend the Relational Interpretation against an experiment that maximally challenges their position? Because: To the eye (and not considering interpretations), it certainly looks like entangled particles ("space-like separated quantum systems") that have no common past DO have some kind of influence on each other. Those are denoted by experiments demonstrating: perfect correlations, violation of Bell inequalities, GHZ results, etc.

Admittedly, this is not a direct answer to the OP's question.

 

[martinbn]

And yet again, we have a paper (this one by respected writers, in my opinion) that provides an "interpretation" denying superluminal/nonlocal influences. See statements in bold, for example. What's wrong with this picture?

Nothing is wrong! They don't deny that other interpretations can have superluminal/nonlocal influences. They only explain that in this particular interpretation there are no such things. If someone insists that there are such influences in all interpretations, well, he has to prove it.

Well, they start out with an example in which A and B share a common past. Note the circular reasoning? Naturally, you could always claim - as they do explicitly - that the common cause is in their common past. Not what I would personally call an insight. But why would you write a paper claiming that in 2018? There were theoretical papers about entanglement between an A and B that share no common past perhaps 20 years previously. More importantly, there were experimental realization of that theory at least 10 years earlier (2008).

"We have demonstrated high-fidelity entanglement swapping with time-synchronized independent sources. The swapped entanglement clearly violates a Bell-type inequality. These strong non-classical correlations between particles that do not share any common past..."

Wouldn't an advocate want to defend the Relational Interpretation against an experiment that maximally challenges their position? Because: To the eye (and not considering interpretations), it certainly looks like entangled particles ("space-like separated quantum systems") that have no common past DO have some kind of influence on each other. Those are denoted by experiments demonstrating: perfect correlations, violation of Bell inequalities, GHZ results, etc.

The observer that analyses all the data has everything in his past.

 

[DrChinese]

The observer that analyses all the data has everything in his past.

This is always true with scientific experiments. It implies that the only possible type of non-locality or FTL influences are ones that include FTL signaling. Obviously this is circular logic.

There can (conceptually) be FTL influences that do not allow signaling. You must allow the proof of that to be brought to a central location, even if carried in a handwritten notebook on a horse-drawn buggy.